• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-91
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• 1993

A total of 76 surface sediment samples, collected from the Korean west coast and the eastern Yellow Sea areas, were analyzed for their elemental composition in order to understand the geochemical characteristics of these deposits. The analyzed elements included 9 major elements (Al, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ti, P, Mn), 8 minor elements (Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), organic carbon and calcium carbonate. Contents of most analyzed elements, excluding K and Ba, were generally low compared to those of average crust. Contents of most elements, except K and Ca, also correlated with sediment grain size, though the degree of relationship varied widely from one element to another. For fine-grained sediments, a distinction could be made between those in the central Yellow Sea and those in the Keum Estuary based on their characteristic elemental composition: the former were rich in Fe, Na, K, Mg, Ca and V, and the latter in Mn, Co and Ni. The element/aluminium ratios, on the other hand, showed that the central Yellow Sea muds were enriched in Fe, Mg, V, Ni, Cu and Zn and depleted in K, Mn, Ba and Sr relative to the mud located near the Korean Peninsula. Based on the analysis of these results, as well as of the influences of particular mineral phases or pollution effects, we could suggest geochemical criteria which can be used in distinguishing muds from the two different sources, the Keum River and the Yellow River: the former by the higher Mn content and the latter by the higher Mg and V contents, relative to each other.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2017

This study aims to make extruded rice snack with high quality in texture and nutrition by adding mealworm. Addition of the mealworm has the merit to fill in high-quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids which are insufficient in rice. Thus, the physicochemical properties were investigated through the process of extrusion cooking. As the extrusion process varied, the die temperatures were set to $120^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$. Also, the moisture contents were adjusted to 30% and 35%. The specific length, the expansion ratio, and the water absorption index increased as the added content of mealworm became higher. On the contrary, the density, the breaking strength, the apparent elastic modulus, and the water solubility index decreased. As mealworm and moisture content increased, DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased but the rancidity decreased. As a result, the addition of mealworm to the extruded rice snack was effective in improving texture, nutrition, and antioxidation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2019

The physicochemical characteristics of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivated using liquid spawn (MLS) were compared with those of commercial mushrooms cultivated using solid spawn. The color intensity of the two types of mushrooms showed no remarkable difference. The hardness of the MLS-cultivated mushrooms was significantly higher, but their moisture content (86.80%) was significantly lower than that of the commercial mushrooms. Mineral contents in MLS-cultivated mushrooms (421.17 mg/100 g) were significantly higher than those in the commercial mushrooms (333.26-362.78 mg/100 g); in particular, the potassium (K) content was the most abundant in the former. The amino acid content in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms (4,695.22 mg/100 g) was about 1.4-2.0 times that in the commercial mushrooms. The essential amino acid contents and sum of aspartic acid and glutamic acid were higher in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms than in the commercial mushrooms. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms was 1.1-2.3 times higher than that in the commercial mushrooms. The total phenol and flavonoid contents and the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of the MLS-cultivated mushrooms were significantly higher than those of the commercial mushrooms; however, the reducing power showed an opposite trend. Therefore, MLS-cultivated mushrooms contained higher amounts of valuable components and higher antioxidant activities than commercial mushrooms.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.247-251
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to investigate comparison of total cholesterol, lipid and fatty acid composition of breast and thigh from female and male broiler meats. Total lipid and neutral lipid content of female and male broiler breast meats were lower, but phospholipid and glycolipid contents were highter than thigh meats. Unsaturated fatty acid composition of broiler thigh meats were higher than breast meats on neutral and phospholipid, but breast meat was higher than thigh meat on glycolipid. Glycolipid content in total lipid was lower in female than male broiler meat. Contents of palmitic acid in neutral lipid, palmitic stearic linolenic arachidic and arachidonic acid in phospholipid, palmitic and stearic acid in glycolipid were higher than male broiler meat. The highest content of total cholesterol in defatted tissue was thigh tissue of male and undefatted thigh tissue of female.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2000

국내에서는 Heavy ANFO로 더 잘 알려져 있는 Emulsion Blends는 왁스 대신 오일을 사용 하여 상온에서 펌핑이 가능하도록 한 에멀젼과 ANFO(또는 초안)의 혼합물을 일컫는다. ANFO는 저렴하고 안전하며 장약이 쉽고 밀장전되는 장점이 있지만, 내수성이 거의 없고 폭발 속도가 느리며 장약 비중이 0.75∼0.90g/cc 정도로 낮아 폭약으로서 그 위력이 작은 단점을 갖고 있다. Blends는 수용성 ANFO 입자 사이의 빈 공간을 내수성 에멀젼이 태우고 있는 형태로서 에멀젼 함량 25%부터 내수성이 나타나기 시작하여 에멀젼 함량 40% 이상에서는 완전한 내수성을 갖게 되며, 에멀젼의 함량이 증가할수록 폭발속도는 카트리지 에멀젼 폭약에 근접하게 된다. 장약 비중은 에멀젼의 함량이 증가하여 45% 근처에서 1.25∼ 1.30g/cc의 최대 값을 갖지만, 그 이상의 에멀젼 함량에서는 기폭 감도 저하로 예감제를 사용하여 비중을 감소시키는 것이 바람직하다. Blends는 자체에 물을 함유하고 있으므로 열역학적으로 계산된 단위 중량당 반응열은 ANFO에 비해 매우 적지만, 폭발속도, detonation pressure(폭굉압), borehole pressure(폭발압력) 등이 ANFO에 비해 크므로 폭발압력에서부터 암석의 파괴가 가능한 압력가지의 단위 중량당 유효한 에너지의 양은 암석의 강도가 커질수록 ANFO에 비해 매우 적지만, 폭발속도, ANFO와 비슷해진다. 따라서 장약 비중이 ANFO의 130∼145%로 높은 Blends는 동일한 천공에 더 많이 장약할 수 있어 단위 천공당 암석 파괴에 이용되는 유효 에너지의 총 양이 커지게 되므로, 공간격과 저항선을 늘릴 수 있어 총 천공수를 감소시킬 수 있다. 결론적으로, Blends의 장점은 내수성과 함께 비장약량은 비슷하거나 약간 증가하는데 비해, 천공수는 크게 감소하여 전체적으로는 발파 현장의 경제성이 향상된다는데 있다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

The proximate composition, mineral content, fatty acid composition, ATP related compounds, amino acid composition, color and texture were investigated with dorsal and ventral muscle from olive flounder, spotted flounder and hybrid (olive flounder m $\times$spotted flounder f). Spotted flounder and hybrid were higher in moisture content, and lower in crude protein content than those of olive flounder, Potassium content in hybrid was higher than that in olive flounder and spotted flounder. Hybrid was lower in calcium, iron, manganese content, and higher in magnesium content than olive flounder and spotted flounder. The contents of saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in hybrid were intermediate level of spotted flounder and olive flounder. Fatty acid composition of dorsal muscle was slightly similar to ventral muscle. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its related compounds contents and amino acid content in hybrid were intermediate level of spotted flounder and olive flounder, and these compounds of dorsal muscle were slightly similar to those of counterpart. The major amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and Iysine were very similar to all the samples. Total amino acid and essential amino acid contents in dorsal muscle were slightly higher than those in ventral muscle. Free amino acid content and composition in hybrid were similar to spotted flounder, and free amino acid content in dorsal muscle was higher than in ventral muscle, The lightness of hybrid and spotted flounder was stronger than that of olive flounder, and was stronger in dorsal muscle. The breaking strength of hybrid was slightly lower than that of spotted flounder, and was stronger in dorsal muscle.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.444-452
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the physicochemical properties of the extruded rice snack with added the containing mealworm. Adding the mealworm addition enhanced protein and unsaturated fatty acid contents, which are insufficient in rice. As the extrusion process variables, the death temperatures and moisture content were set to at respective 130 and $140^{\circ}C$, and 20 and 25%, respectively. The expansion ratio increased as with death temperature, whereas the increased moisture content decreased. The nitrogen solubility index and protein digestibility index increased with the added mealworm content of mealworm increased. As mealworm content and death temperature, and moisture content increased, DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased but the rancidity decreased. As the result of this study, confirmed that the addition of mealworm to the extruded rice snack was the confirmed as the effective process to improve nutrition, and antioxidation. Also, death temperature and moisture content have an effect on softened the texture of extruded rice snack.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2000

To analyze the correlation between the rusty root and the antiokidative activity in ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) roots, the levels of antioxidative activity in various tissues of healthy and rusty roots. The superoxide dismutase activity in rusty roots (126.9 units/mg protein) was approximately 3.5 times higher than that in healthy roots. The catalase activity in rusty roots was approximately 1.6 times higher than that in healthy roots, whereas the peroxidase activity showed a slight low level in msty roots. The 1.1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity in rusty roots was approximately 2.0 times higher than that in healthy roots. The total ascorbate content in healthy roots was 166~240 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g fr. wt. depending on the tissues. Interestingly, the oxidized dehydroascorbate (DHA) content occupied more than 80% in total ascorbate content. The total ascorbate content in rusty roots was a similar level with healthy roots, but the reduced ascorbate content was 3.5~7.5 times higher than that of the healthy roots. The total glutathione content of the epidermis, cortex and stele tissues in 겨sty roots was 7.3, 4.8, 1.2 times higher than the healthy tissues, respectively. The ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) showed a similar fluctuation of total glutathione content in 겨sty roots. These results indicate that the high antioxidative activity in rusty roots may involve in overcoming the oxidative stress derived from environmental stresses.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2009

Surfactant polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-95) 1, 2, 4mg. $L^{-1}$ and calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) 5, 25, 50, 100mg. $L^{-1}$ were treated to the nutrient solution containing 1.0mg. $L^{-1}$ selenium (Se) to evaluate Se absorption effect using small DFT apparatus. The growth of leaf lettuce and pak-choi did not show unique significance by surfactant kinds and concentration in the tested range and physiological disorder. Vitamin C in leaves of two leafy vegetables was not significantly affected by surfactants also. Among major cations K content in pak-choi was highest in Se I+PVA-95 4mg. $L^{-1}$ treatment, and high in Se I+CLS 5 mg. $L^{-1}$ treatment. Ca content in two leafy vegetables showed increasing pattern by the two kinds of surfactants. Mg content was high in Se I+CLS 25mg. $L^{-1}$ treatment compared to control. Pak-choi absorbed Se about 10 times higher than leafy lettuce. Se content in leaves of two leafy vegetables increased by the treatment of two kinds of surfactants with the exception of CLS 100mg. $L^{-1}$ treatment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.634-642
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effects of lotus root ethanol extinct (LRE) on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity in vitro, and lipid metabolism in the serum and liver of rate fed normal or high cholesterol diet in vivo. LRE (200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day) was administered only to rats with fed high cholesterol diet for 6 week. We divided into 6 groups: normal diet group (NC), high cholesterol diet group (1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate)(HC), LRE 200 mg/kg treated group (NC-LREL), LRE 400 mg/kg teated group (NC-LREH), high cholesterol diet and LRE 200 mg/kg treated group (HC-LREL), and high cholesterol diet and LRE 400 mg/kg teated group (HC-LREH). LRE significantly inhibited the HMG-CoA reductase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The body weight gain and liver weight of the high cholesterol diet group were higher than the normal diet group whereas the groups administered LRE were gradually decreased. The high cholesterol diet group increased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, and decreased atherogenic index, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid levels as compared with the normal diet group. LRE administrated groups were increased in serum HDL-C/T-C, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid levels, and decreased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels as compared with the high cholesterol diet group. These effect of LRE within the high cholesterol diet groups were concentration-dependent manners. There were no differences in the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, phopholipid, HDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol between normal diet groups. The hepatic LRE administrated groups than in the high cholesterol diet group. Teken together, it is suggested that LRE exerts hypocholesterolemic effect by reducing serum cholesterol concentration in rats with high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.