• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.270-278
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to develop and design a product that is convenient and helpful to both patients and ordinary people who want to maintain their health. In this experimentation, the experimental rat have been given with high fat food to induce Diabetes. Organic brown rice was given as their main energy source and natural complex food, most of materials were freeze-dried, was given to observe its effects on their glucose amount in the plasma. The results are as follows. During 28 days of basal diets, as observing their weight variations, normal group gained weights, but the natural complex food(NCF) groups lost their weights. As comparing the amount of neutral fat levels in the plasma between the diabetes group who just had basal group and one who had NCF, group with NCF groups' level was much lower than the other group who just had basal food. As comparing total cholesterol levels in the plasma, with diabetes group with basal food, $50\%$ and $100\%$ NCF groups' levels were lowered than that group. Regarding HDL-cholesterol level, all NCE groups had around 30mg/dl and there were not much fluctuation among groups. As for LDL-cholesterol level, the $100\%$ NCF group had the lowest level and showed almost the same as the normal group. The amounts of the glucose in the plasma were lowered in all NCF groups. Among those NCE groups, $100\%$ NCF group had 120mg/dl to reach almost the same as the normal group.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.4-8
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• 2002

We conducted this study to investigate the morphological characteristics and physiological effects of mulberry leaves and fruits with wild varieties. Morphologically sampling materials were showed Morus bombycis type and Morus alba type characteristics. Water contents of mulberry fruits were higher than that of mulberry leaves. Sugar degree of sampling materials was 5.1∼22.7 Brix %. The yield of 85% MeOH extract from freezing dried Mulberry Fruits was 60.2% and Hexane, BuOH and H$_2$O fraction from MeOH extract were 2.8%, 4.6%, 92.3% respectively. In the cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemia rats administered with subfraction of mulberry fruit extract, total cholesterol and serum triglyceride were decreased in the MeOH extract group and H$_2$O soluble fraction group. Also H$_2$O soluble fraction group decreased GPT, GOT and LDH level. Therefore, the above results suggested that mulberry fruit with wild varieties can help to maintain normal liver functions and to protect hyperlipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.446-451
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• 2009

In this study, cathepsin S (CTSS) inhibitory fraction was isolated from Paecilomyces tenuipes and anti-obesitic effects of the fraction were evaluated in mice, fed a high-fat diet. Hot water extract of P. tenuipes (DHW) was divided into 2 fractions, water eluate fraction (DHP1) and methanol eluate fraction (DHP2) using Diaion HP-20. $IC_{50}$ values for DHW, DHP1 and DHP2 against CTSS were 108.7, 890.3 and 2.3 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. To evaluate anti-obesitic effects of the fractions, each fraction was administrated orally to C57BL/6 mice for 4 weeks with a high-fat diet. DHP2 had the highest inhibitory effect on CTSS activity, causing serious reduction in weight gain, a reduction in the amount of adipose tissue and in serum lipids levels. These results suggest that the inhibition of CTSS by compounds derived from P. tenuipes may be effective in preventing and in ameliorating obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.692-701
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• 1993

This study was designed to examine effects of the various levels of sardine and safflower oil mix on lipid contents of serveral tissues in dietary hyperlipidemic rats. Experimental oils were 16% butter(control group), 8% butter+8% olive oil(group 2), 8% butter+8% sardine oil(group 3), 8% butter+6% sardine oil+2% safflower oil(group 4), 8% butter+4% sardine oil+4% safflower oil(group 5), 8% butter+2% sardine oil+6% safflower oil(group 6) and 8% butter+8% safflower oil(group 7). The diet administered to the male rats of Sprague-Dawley were fed for 4 weeks. In the fatty aicd composition of brain phospholipid, n-3 EPA and DHA contents were increased, and DHA content was remarkably high in the phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) component. Arachidonic acid content were high in the cardiolipin component. In the fatty acid composition of heart phospholipid, PUFA contents were highest in the group 5 and DHA content was higher in the groups 4 and 5, particularly. Fatty acid composition of spleen lipid showed that n-3 EPA and DHA contents were higher in the group 3 than in the other groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.882-886
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• 2003

Effect of kochujang (Korean red pepper soybean paste) on the reduction of body weight and lipid levels of adipose tissues and serum were investigated in the rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for four weeks with diets containing either a normal diet (ND, based on the AIN-76TM diet), high fat diet (HFD, supplemented with 20% corn oil in ND), CK diet (10% commercial kochujang in HFD), TK I diet (10% 0 day (non-) fermented traditional kochujang in HFD), TKII diet (10% 6-month fermented traditional kochujang in HFD), or RPP diet (3% red pepper powder in HFD). CK, TK I and TKII in the diet significantly reduced the body weight gain compared to the control (HFD), whereas red pepper powder had no such effect. TKII supplementation in the high-fat diet reduced epididymal and perirenal fat pad weight significantly (p<0.05). Liver total lipid was lower in TKII diet group than other kochujang and RPP diet groups. TKII and CK decreased the content of triglyceride in epididymal and perirenal fat pad that increased by high-fat diet. The cholesterol content of the perirenal fat pad was the lowest in the TKII diet group. TKII was also effective in lowering serum cholesterol level. These results indicated that properly ripened (fermented for 6-month) traditional kochujang exhibited more suppressive effects on body fat gain and lipid levels of adipose tissue and serum than RPP, commercial kochujang and the kochujang without fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-35
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• 2009

This paper is to compare the contexts and old place names in old county maps of Goryeong-hyeon(高靈縣) according to the four types of maps. 23 maps covering Goryeong-hyeon were collected from the old county-map atlas(郡縣地圖帖) and Eupji(邑誌). The first type(named 'picture county map') included 8 county-maps in which information of military, and administrative contents are mainly mapped. The second type(named '1-ri grid system map') included 4 county maps in which information about beacon routes and road systems were regarded as very important. The third type(named '20-ri grid-system map(方眼地圖)' included 4 county-maps which were drawn as same scale with 20-ri(里) grids. The fourth type(named 'local county-map(地方郡縣地圖)' included 5 county maps which were drawn by local mappers. Types of toponyms which were included in maps are different by the propose of map-drawing. In the picture county maps, place names from military, and administrative contents are written. In the 1-ri grid system county maps, place names especially from military and transportation are fluent. In the 20-ri grid system county maps, generic name from natural environment, such as mountains are very fluent. In the local county maps, city-walls and castles are drawn exaggeratively and detailed generic name from warehouses and villages are written in those maps. This study shows that Daedongyeo-jido was drawn on the basis of 20-ri grid system county maps with the supplementation of geographical information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.452-455
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• 2009

The Nakdong Delta can be identified by two different geomorphic units. The first one is the upper delta. This is mostly composed of inter-distributary islands that are largely influenced by fluvial processes and attributed to the development of these islands along the river. The other one is the lower delta which is mostly composed of beach ridges. Barrier islands are largely effected by wave processes promoted by the development almost at a right angle to the river. Influenced by the longshore current which flows to the same direction, barrier islands located in the Nakdong river estuary are developing from east to west direction. As a result, the eastern end of the barrier islands are growing toward the north-west direction effected by tidal current which moves toward the same direction. Barrier islands include the Sinho Island, the Jinwoo Island, the Daema deung, the Janga Island, the Baghap deung, the Sae deung, and the Chulsae deung(Doyeo deung). They have orderly emerged from the sea since 1861. Since 2008, a new Deung, a sand dune growing under sea, has been developing rapidly from Chulsae deung to the Dadaepo beach. It made the sailing of small fisher boats impossible. Tidal currents transported a lot of sand and silt around the barrier islands. The landscape of Nakdong river estuary where many barrier islands are distributed will change rapidly affecting land environment.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 1994

Thermal maturation and diagenesis of the Gyeongsang Supergroup in the Euiseong area are studied by means of organic geochemical techniques and illite crystallinity. Black mudrocks of the Singdong Group contain organic matter of $0.5{\~}2{\%}$ derived from higher plants, being compared to type Ⅲ. Thermal maturity of organic matter reached dry gas generation phase. Tmax by Rock Eval pyrolysis varies between $578^{\circ}C$ and $593^{\circ}C$ regardless of stratigraphic position and localities, and vitrinite reflectance is about 2.9 and $3{\~}4{\%}Ro$ in the Jinju and the Nagdong Formations, respectively. Vitrinite reflectance measurements indicate that the maturation is mainly due to burial and partly to be affected by post-depositional intrusions. Illite crystallinity values from the Nagdong, Hasandong, Jiniu Formations and part of the Iljig Formation are plotted around the boundary between diagenesis and anchizone, indicating dry gas generation stage. However, the values are not dependent on stratigraphic position. The values from the Iljig, Hupyeongdong, Geomgog, and Sagog Formations fall into the range of anchizone, probably resulted from the post-depositional intrusions which occur locally. Both organic geochemical and illite crystallinity data indicate thermal maturation stage of dry gas generation. Diagenesis of the Gyeongsang strata is mostly controlled by burial, and partly affected by post-depositional intrusions. Paleotemperature of the Sindong Group is estimated at around $200^{\circ}C$ on the basis of illite crystallinity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.633-640
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• 2001

This study investigated the effects of lipid metabolism on male Sprague Dawley rats given porphyran diet extracted from Porphyra yezoensis for 4 weeks. We divided into 5 diet groups which were normal diet, control diet fed high fat, cholesterol and sodium cholate, control and 1% porphyran diet (1% PD), control and 5% porphyran diet (5% PD), control and 10% of porphyran diet (10% PD). Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly different between control and porphyran diet. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in porphyran diet groups than control group. However, serum HDL-cholesterol contents increased by the addition of porphyran in experimental diet. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were proportionally decreased by the addition of porphyran in control diet compared to control diet. A number of lipid particles were shown in liver tissue of control group and the same appearance was shown in the group fed with 1% porphyran diet, whereas lipid particles was reduced in the group fed with 5% and 10% porphyran diet compared to control group. Especially, liver tissue of 10% porphyran diet group was shown similar appearance to normal diet group. These results indicated that supplementation of porphyran in hyperlipidemic rats has an effect on the improvement of serum lipids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2001

Acid hydrolysates of cocoon was gained by acid hydrolysis of 2 N HCl, 11$0^{\circ}C$, 48 hours, neutralization and desalting from the cocoon. The amino acid compositions of acid hydrolysates of cocoon were glycine 43.25%, alanine 34.39%, serine 10.05% and valine 2.44%. The contents of essential amino acid was 10.05%. Food efficiency ratio of acid hydrolysates of cocoon group was equal to the reference protein, casein. Liver weight, GOT, GPT activity, serum albumin and serum total protein level of rats were not significantly different among the experimental groups. Therefore, the protein acid hydrolysates of cocoon is not of high quality. When the rat fed with high cholesterol, high lipid, and high sucrose diet was administered with 5% acid hydrolysates of cocoon, its plasma lipids concentration of acid hydrolysates of cocoon was favorably affected: its triglyceride was decreased, and the level of phospholipid and HDL cholesterol were increased. There was also an unfavorable effect: the levels of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol went up. Therefore, the acid hydrolysates of cocoon is not a good protein food source, but is can be used a cosmetic, medical, or packing material. Further research will reveal how it will affect or improve plasma lipid.