• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.407-414
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• 2009

A simultaneous determination method for cholesterol, lanosterol and desmosterol was developed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Urine was enzymatically hydrolyzed with ${\beta}$-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. Samples were prepared using extractions with a mixture of ethyl acetate-hexane (2:3, v/v), followed by derivatization with a mixture of MSTFA/TMSI/TMCS (100:2:5 v/v/v). All analyses were performed using GC/MS in selective ion monitoring mode. Good linearities ($r^2=0.998{\sim}0.999$) in calibration curve and a satisfactory recovery (80.0%~113%) were achieved. Accuracy and precision values within ${\pm}15%$ in the concentration range of 5 to 200 ng/mL were also observed for all compounds. The developed method was applied to pravastatin-treated (70 and 250 mg/kg/day for 7 days, oral) hyperlipidemia rats. Those sterols were significantly lower in drug-treated rats compared to the controls, which justifies the drug efficacy. Therefore, these results indicate that the developed method was successfully applied to examine statin drug efficacy with urine sample.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 2001

Purpose: Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism caused by glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency. The clinical manifestations of G6Pase deficiency include growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia. Many mutations of this gene have been found worldwide in various ethnic groups, establishing the molecular basis of GSD Ia. To elucidate a spectrum of the G6Pase gene mutations in Korean, we analyzed mutations in Korean patients with GSD Ia. Methods: Both alleles of 9 unrelated GSD 1a patients were studied by PCR and direct DNA sequencing methods. In all patients, GSD 1a was diagnosed by the enzyme assay for the liver biopsy specimen. Results: In Korean, the most prevalent mutation was g727t substitution in exon 5, which has been reported to cause abnormal mRNA splicing: Sixteen out of 18 alleles were found to have this mutation. In addition, we identified one novel mutation, a c611g, converting a proline to an alanine at codon 178. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a screening for the g727t mutation by noninvasive molecular method can detect most cases of GSD Ia in Korean patients.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 1998

The freshwater fish fauna and distribution were investigated in Kojedo from 1982 to 1997. The collected fishes were classified into twenty four species of ten families. Dominant species was Zacco temmincki (relative abundance: 18.1%) and subdominant species was Rhinogobius brunneus (16.4%). Also Iksookimia longicorpus (12.3%), Oryzias latipes (7.5%), Chaenogobius urotaenia (7.5%) and Carassius auratus (6.9%) were numerous. The endemic species of Korea were six species (25.0%) and endangered species were C. splendidus, S. microdorsalis and C. kawamebari. In this study, species diversity index was high at Yoncho stream, dominance index at Aju and Oaepo stream and evenness index at Oaepo stream in community structure. There was a tendency of fish distribution in Kojedo that more longer the stream and more larger the water volume were, there were more species and more individual numbers. It was considered that the dominance of upper and middle reach dwelling fishes resulted in the dominance of Aa type stream mainly. Liobagrus mediadiposalis and L. mediadiposalis ssp. 1 showed different distribution pattern in Kojedo : that is, the former inhabited in east-northern part but the latter in south-western part separately. And the importance of this distribution pattern was discussed in relation to paleogeography.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2010

This study was conducted to predict reduction of soybean yield as affected by different densities of Cuscuta pentagona. All data were fitted to Cousens' rectangular hyperbola model to estimate parameters for predicting soybean yield loss. The yield of soybean in the various densities (1 to 48 plants $m^{-2}$) of C. pentagona reduced by 80.3 to 99.7%, respectively. Among yield components, number of pods was the most significantly influenced by weed interferences. The prediction model for soybean yield as affected by weed competition was as follows: Y= 274.6783/(1+4.3522X), $r^2$=0.999 in C. pentagona. Economic threshold levels calculated using cousens' equation was 0.004 plants $m^{-2}$ in C. pentagona.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.27
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• pp.161-195
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• 2011

As crimes have increased to an extent that the police cannot cope with, there have been continuous discussions for the introduction of Private Investigation (hereafter PI) in Korea. However, attempts to legislate for the introduction of PI have failed every time PI bills for the introduction of PI were proposed. This was fundamentally because arguments both for and against the introduction of PI were sharply divided depending on the priorities. However, regardless of those clash of views, an apparent need for the legislation of PI service has arisen. As Korea opens its service market to other countries through GATS and FTAs, currently existing domestic PI law has been found to be inconsistent with international agreements such as GATS and KOREA-US(KORUS) FTA. This paper found that the Act on Usage and Protection of Credit Information which regulates PI service is inconsistent with the Article 12.4(a)(i) and (iii) of KORUS FTA and the Article 7.11 and the Article 7.13 of KOREA-EU FTA. If Korea does not modify the existing laws and establish new laws in relation to PI, such inconsistencies could lead to international trade disputes which could amount to billions of dollars. In this regard, the passage of the PI bill is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.48-57
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• 2020

This study was aimed to determine the history of Son keechung laurel tree, which is designated and managed as Seoul Metropolitan Government Monument No. 5. Sohn keechung's victory in the marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics served as an opportunity to encourage great pride and national spirit for the Korean people's national spirit who had spent their painful days under Japanese colonial rule. The seedlings that Son keechung received at the time are currently growing at Son Keechung Sports Park on the hill in Manri-dong, west of Seoul Station, and are Quercus palustris. That variety of Tree is native to the United States. The 11th Berlin Olympics, held in 1936, is a golden opportunity for Hitler to show off the history and cultural excellence of the German race, so it does not make sense to award victors an American giant oak instead of the German oak tree. The Seoul Metropolitan Government and various media outlets made a fait accompli due to Hitler's simple mistake. However, this study revealed that the laurel that Son received was the Quercus robur, based on the articles of the Korean newspaper, the German daily newspaper, and the recently introduced article of Der Spiegel, a leading German weekly magazine. Based on these circumstances, I would like to suggest that the originally awarded Quercus robur be planted in Son keechung Memorial Park and that the newly discovered history be notified on the Seoul Metropolitan Government website and various records.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2022

This study was conducted to provide useful basic data for restoration and maintenance of the Changdeokgung Palace(昌德宮)'s inner palace area in the future by exploring the background of terraced flower beds installed in the front space of Seunghwaru(承華樓) and grasping the reality before and after terraced flower beds were installed. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in the early 1900s, the front space of Seunghwaru formed a relatively higher terrain than the Nakseonjae(樂善齋) area. In addition, along the topography of high north and low south, a yard surrounded by Haenggak(行閣) and a rectangular open space connected to the West Haenggak of Nakseonjae were created. In particular, the rectangular open space was a staircase-type slope in which rectangular stone columns were arranged at regular intervals. Second, the terraced flower beds of Seunghwaru originated from the renovation of the new building of Nakseonjae West Hanggak, which was implemented in the late 1920s. This is because in order to secure enough available land for construction and auxiliary space during the renovation of the new building, the terraced flower beds for topographic treatment was created along the cutting area after cutting off the original topography of the front space of Seunghwaru. Third, after the construction of the terraced flower beds, many deformation occurred in the topographic features of the front space of Seunghwaru. The front yard of Seunghwaru was relatively higher than the Nakseonjae area, but most of them were cut off and disappeared as the terraced flower beds were created. The staircase-type also disappeared after the construction of the new building and terraced flower beds. The stylobate and front fence of Seunghwaru were newly built along the alignment of terraced flower beds and the unique style of narrow gate and auxiliary stairs were also relocated to the new fence.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 1998

This study was to investigate regularity of breakfast and food habits of commuting local college students. The regularly breakfast eating rate was found to be 32.9% in man and 26.5% in woman. The mean score of food habits was pretty low, 36.7 out of minimum possible score 12 and maximum 60. The mean score of nutrition attitude was 58.1 out of minimum possible score 18 and maximum 90. This survey showed that skipping breakfast or irregularity of breakfast led to overeating, high fat diet, lot of alcohol and imbalanced diet. It was known that breakfast was the most important among three meals. But having balanced breakfast daily was very difficult according to loss of appetite and busy schedule early in the morning. I suggested carbohydrate food, protein food, and vitamin & mineral food items desirable for nutritionally balanced, easily digestible, tasteful, quick and easily cooking breakfast menu. It was recommended to choose on item out of each of three food categories considering calory(1/3 of daily recommended calory intake for breakfast).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.135-166
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• 1977

Some biochemical features of varietal variation in seed protein and their implications for soybean breeding for high protein were pursued employing 86 soybean varieties of Korea, Japan, and the U.S.A. origins. Also, studied comparatively was the temporal pattern of protein components accumulation during seed development characteristic to the high protein variety. Seed protein content of the 86 soybean varieties varied 34.4 to 50.6%. Non-existence of variety having high content of both protein and oil, or high protein content with average oil content as well as high negative correlation between the content of protein and oil (r=-0.73$^{**}$) indicate strongly a great difficulty to breed high protein variety while conserving oil content. The total content of essential amino acids varied 32.82 to 36.63% and the total content of sulfur-containing amino acids varied 2.09 to 2.73% as tested for 12 varieties differing protein content from 40.0 to 50.6%. The content of methionine was positively correlated with the content of glutamic acid, which was the major amino acid (18.5%) in seed protein of soybean. In particular, the varieties Bongeui and Saikai ＃20 had high protein content as well as high content of sulfur-containing amino acids. The content of lysine was negatively correlated with that of isoleucine, but positively correlated with protein content. The content of alanine, valine or leucine was correlated positively with oil content. The seed protein of soybean was built with 12 to 16 components depending on variety as revealed on disc acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 86 varieties were classified into 11 groups of characteristic electrophoretic pattern. The protein component of Rm=0.14(b) showed the greatest varietal variation among the components in their relative contents, and negative correlation with the content of the other components, while the protein component of Rm=0.06(a) had a significant, positive correlation with protein content. There was sequential phases of rapid decrease, slow increase and stay in the protein content during seed development. Shorter period and lower rate of decrease followed by longer period and higher rate of increase in protein content during seed development was of characteristic to high protein variety together with earlier and continuous development at higher rate of the protein component a. Considering the extremely low methionine content of the protein component a, breeding for high protein content may result in lower quality of soybean protein.n.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

Lipid soluble vitamin E consists of tocopherols and tocotrienols depending upon double bonds in phytyl side chains attached to chromanol ring. Recent reports on antioxidative, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering effects of tocotrienols have increased researches and commercialization of tocotrienols. Purple perilla (Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo) has been reported as a plant containing tocotrienols along with tocopherol forms of vitamin E based upon normal phase HPLC analysis. To confirm the existence or absence of tocotrienol form of vitamin E in purple perilla, comparative analysis using HPLC, GC/FID, and GC/MSD has been conducted for 14 purple perilla genetic accessions collected from Korea and Japan. Normal phase HPLC analysis showed ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}-$, and ${\delta}-tocopherols$ along with peaks with retention times quite similar to ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}-tocotrienols$. Same purple perilla samples, analysed by GC exhibited ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}-$, and ${\delta}-tocopherols$ quantitatively equivalent to HPLC results. However, no peaks for ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}-tocotrienols$ could be observed and unknown two peaks of similar retention times with ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}-tocotrienols$ were identified not corresponding tocotrienols by GC/MSD. These results suggest the absence of tocotrienol form of vitamin E in purple perilla as well as the necessity of using GC-based qualitative and quantitative vitamin E analysis to avoid misinterpretation of peaks with similar retention times as tocotrienol isomers when analysed by an HPLC.