• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2004

The effects of liquid culture of Coriolus versicolor on weight gain, food intakes, food efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations, serum protein levels and serum enzyme activities, were studied in growing male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were given four different types of diets for a succeeding period of 5 weeks, respectively: a normal diet group (7% corn oil), a high fat diet group (7% corn oil＋15% lard), a 20% or 30% C. versicolor diet groups (high fat diet＋20% or 30% C. versicolor in water) according to the levels of C. versicolor supplementation. The body weight gains of the rats fed the 30% C. versicolor diets were lower than those in the rats fed high fat diet. The epididymal fat pad weight of the rats fed high fat diet and 20% or 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly higher than that of the rats fed normal diet. The concentrations of triglyceride in the serum and the liver of the rats fed the 30% C. versicolor diets were more significantly decreased compared to rats on the high fat diet. The concentrations of total cholesterol in the serum and the liver of rats fed the high fat diet, 20% and 30% C. versicolor diets were similar to those of rats fed the normal diet. The HDL-cholesterol concentration and the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio of the rats fed 20% and 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly lower than those of the rats fed high fat diet. But the antherogenic index of the rats fed 20% or 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly higher than those of the rats fed high fat diet. There were no differences in the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the experimental groups. These results showed that the 30% C. versicolor diet feeding decreased the triglyceride in serum and liver of the rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1019-1026
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• 2010

Obesity and being overweight are strongly associated with the development of metabolic disease such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia. High-fat diet (HFD) is one of the most important factors which cause obesity. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were treated with a HFD for 22 weeks in order to induce obesity and hyperglycemia. Twenty-two weeks later, body weight and plasma glucose level of the HFD group were significantly increased, compared with the normal diet (ND) group. Intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) showed glucose intolerance in the HFD group compared with the ND group. These results confirmed that a HFD induced obesity and hyperglycemia in C57BL/6 mice. Plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were increased in the HFD group compared with the ND group. Hepatic levels of TG and TC were also increased by a HFD. To investigate the alteration of lipid metabolism in liver, proteins which are related to lipid metabolism were observed. Among lipid synthesis related enzymes, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glycerol phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT) were significantly increased in the HFD group. Apolipoprotein B (apoB) and microsomal triglyceride transport protein (MTP), which are related to lipid transport, were significantly increased in the HFD group. Interestingly, protein level and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is known as a metabolic regulator, were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with the ND group. In the present study we suggest that HFD may physiologically increase the proteins which are related with lipid synthesis and lipid transport, but that HFD may paradoxically induce the activation of AMPK.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.541-541
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• 1994

이유기를 지난 웅성흰쥐를 대조식이 (C), 고지방식이 (HF) 및 고지방 고에너지식이 (HFHE) 로 4 주간 사양하고 일부를 희생시킨 후 , HF 군과 HFHE 군 일부에식이섬유 pectin 과 cellulose를 각각 첨가한 HF-P , HF-C, HFHE-P , HFHE-C 식이를 C, HF ,HFHE 식이와 함께 4 주간 더 사양한 후 희생시켜 체중증가량, 총 에너지섭취량, 총식이섭 취량, 식이효율, 간장과 비장의 무게, 혈중 지질의 성상 및 간세포에 미치는 영향을 비교 관 찰한 결과 체중증가는 C 군, HF 군, HFHE 군간의 유의적 차이는 없었으며, 식이섬유 첨가 시 모두 체중이 감소되었다. 총에너지 섭취량은 C 군이 가장 많았고, 식이효율은 HF-HE군 이 가장 높았으며, 식이섬유 첨가에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. 간장의 무게는 C군 , HF 군, HFHE 군 모두 식이의 영향이 없었고, pectin 과 celulose 첨가에 의한 변화도 나타내지 않았다. 비장의 무게는 C군 보다 HF 군과 HFHE 군이 감소하였으나, pectin 과 cellulose 첨가에 의해서는 변화가 없었다. 혈중 총 지질, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 인지질의 함량은 각 실험군모두 실험기간이 경과함에 따라 증가되었으며, 특히 HFHE 군의 유의성있게 증가 하였고 pectin 과 cellulose를 첨가하였을때는 감소하였으며 pectin이 cellulose 보다 감소효 과가있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2002

국내 제지 산업에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 골판지 원지는 주로 국내에서 발생되는고지를 원료로 생산되고있다. 2001년 제지 통계에 따르면 우리나라의 고지재활용율은 세계 최고 수준으로 지류 재활용 비율이 약 72%에 달하며 그중 국산 폐지사용량은 해마다 꾸준히 증가하여 2001년 62%에 이르렀다. 하지만 고지의 재활용율이 증가함에 따라 많은 기술적, 품질적 문제가야기되어 강도저하, 공정 및 품질 저하가 날로 심각해지고있는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 골판지 원지의 해섬특성을 알아보고 조성이 상이한 원료 물질의 해섬특성 곡선을 조사한 후 골판지 원지의 원료로 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 KOCC의 물성개선 가능성을모색하기 위해 분급 및 기계적 처리를 적용하고 도입 효과를 살펴보았다. 다양한 조성으로 구성된 OCC 고지의 해리에 따른 해섬 현상을 살펴보기 위해 각각의 원지와 조성이 상이한 원료물질의 해섬 특성 곡선을 조사하였다. 저농도 해리기를 이용하여 농도와 revolution의 변수를 주어 해리를 실시하고 스크린을 이용하며 미해리분을 측정하여 해섬 특성 곡선을 평가하였다. 또한 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 원료인 KOCC의 분급에 의한 물성 개선 가능성을 모색하기 위해 실험실적인 모텔링에 의한 분급과 기계적인 처리를 실시하여 물성을 평가하였다. 모델링은 UKP와 KOCC 100%인 골판지 원지를 이용하였으며 압축강도, 인장강도, 파열강도를 측정하였다. 현장에서의 적용가능성을 살펴보기 위해 현장에서의 Multi fractor를 이용하여 분급된 지료를 채취하여 물리적인 처리를 가한 후 수초하여 물성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 분급 및 기계적인 처리에 의한 펄프의 특성은 단섬유의 재활용에 대한 고려가 있을 경우 물성개선을 위한 해결방법으로 활용될 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.398-404
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• 2010

It is known that onions, or bioactive compounds therein, providehealth benefits. The present study was designed to investigate whether a concentrated onion extract lowered blood lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. Initially, male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed singly in an environment in which temperature and light duration were controlled, and had free access to a nutritionally adequate AIN-93G diet and deionized water. After an acclimatization period, rats were weight-matched and assigned to one of the following five groups: 1) a control group, fed the AIN-93G diet mixed with 10% (w/v) lard and 0.7% (w/v) cholesterol to induce hyperlipidemia (control); 2) three experimental groups, fed the AIN-93G diet mixed with a high-fat source plus concentrated onion extract at three different levels (termed the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups); and, 3) a placebo group, fed the AIN-93G diet with fats plus the same concentrated extract but devoid of onion-derived material. All five groups freely ingested their respective diets over 6 weeks. At 0, 3, and 6 weeks, blood samples were collected from the orbital sinus following overnight food deprivation. At 6 weeks, livers were collected. Both control and experimental groups continually gained body weight throughout the study. No significant differencein body weight gain was observed among groups. However, the serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and non HDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced by ingestion of concentrated onion extract. Also, the hepatic levels of total lipids and total fatty acids, especially C18:1 (oleic acid), were significantly decreased in rats fed a high level of concentrated onion extract, compared with the control and placebo groups. These results provide clear evidence that ingestion of a concentrated onion extract has a profound inhibitory effect on serum lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. Our findings indicate that a concentrated onion extract may be used to alleviate hyperlipidemia by lowering serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine whether Hamcho freeze-dried powder and Hamcho freeze-dried nano powder have an anti-obese effect on high fat diet-induced obese rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 different groups, each of which was bred for 8 weeks with a different experimental diet: normal diet group (NC), high fat diet group (HFC), high fat diet + 2% Salicornia herbacea L. freeze-dried powder group (2% HS), high fat diet + 5% Salicornia herbacea L. freeze-dried powder group (5%HS), high fat diet + 1% Salicornia herbacea L. freeze-dried nano powder group (1% HSN), high fat diet + 2% Salicornia herbacea L. freeze-dried nano powder group (2% HSN). Results: The 5% HS group showed a weight loss effect in body weight, liver and adipose tissue by reducing the amount of dietary intake and food efficiency ratio. In addition, the 5% HS group showed a significant reduction of serum leptin concentration, while having a beneficial effect on the improvement of lipid metabolism such as increase the serum concentration of adiponectin. However, Hamcho freeze-dried nano powder did not show a weight loss effect. Conclusion: Overall data indicated that Hamcho seemed to have anti-obesity effects. In particular, consumption of 5% Hamcho freeze-dried powder might have beneficial effects on body weight, serum adiponectin level, and lipid profiles since it led to reduced body weight and growth of adipose tissues by suppressing dietary intakes. However conduct of further research studies is needed for analysis of active components and biochemical action mechanism of Hamcho.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 2007

This study was to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of powdered mulberry leaves (PML) and water extract of powdered mulberry leaves (WML) on high-fat fed mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups; a normal group (N), a high-fat (HF) group, a high-fat group supplemented with PML (HF-PML) and a high-fat group supplemented with WML (HF-WML). The PML or WML was added to a standard diet based on 1% dried mulberry loaves (1g PML/100g diet and 0.22g WML/100g diet) for 6 weeks. Body weight and organ weights were not different among thle groups in high-fat fed mice, whereas food intake and daily energy intake were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in the HF-PML group. In plasma and liver, the supplementation of PML and WML significantly (p<0.05) lowered cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared to the HF group. The HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the HF-PML and HF-WML groups than in the B:.w group. The fecal triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the HF-PML and HF-WML groups compared to the HF group. Hepatic lipid regulating enzyme activities, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid ${\beta}-oxidation$ and carnitine palmitoyl transferase were significantly lower in the HF group than in the N group. However, the activities of these hepatic lipid regulating enzymes activities were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in the HF-PML and HF-WML groups compared to the HF group. Accordingly, these results suggest that PML and WML improve plasma and hepatic lipid levels partly by increasing fecal lipid excretion and enhancing hepatic lipid regulating enzymes activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of baked garlic powder on the lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat/highcholesterol diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups according to the dietary fat, cholesterol and baked garlic powder levels. The experimental groups were normal diet group (N), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (C), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 1.5% baked garlic powder group (GPL) and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 3% baked garlic powder group (GPH). The body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were similar in the experimental groups. The epididymal adipose tissues weight of the C group was higher than that of the N group, whereas those of the groups fed baked garlic powder were decreased gradually. The ALT and ALP activities were similar in the C groups, but the serum AST and LDH activities elevated by a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet were decreased significantly by feeding a 3% baked garlic powder diet. The serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels as well as the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor tended to decrease in the groups fed baked garlic powder than the C group, whereas the serum HDL-cholesterol level was lower in the C group and remarkably in groups fed baked garlic powder than the control group. The total cholesterol level in the liver and mesenteric adipose tissue and the triglyceride level in epididymal tissue were lower in the groups fed baked garlic powder than the C group. These results suggest that baked garlic powder reduces the serum lipid components and improves the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats induced with a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 2003

The effects of Paecilomyes japonica on weight gains, food intakes, food efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations, serum protein levels and serum enzyme activities, were studied in adult male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats,35 weeks old, were given four different types of diets for a succeeding period of five weeks: either a normal diet (5% corn oil), a control diet (high fat; 5% corn oil + 15% lard), a PF diet (control diet + 3% fruiting body of Paecilomyes japonica), or a PM diet (control diet+.3% mycelium of Paecilomyes japonica). The body weight gains, hepatic weights and food efficiency ratios of rats fed the PF or PM diets were significantly lower than those fed the control diet, but were similar to those fed the normal diet. The concentrations of hepatic total lipids, cholesterol and triglyceric, and serum triglyceride, of rats given the PF or PM diets were significantly lower than those given the control diet. Hut the concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid in the serum of rats fed the control, PF or PM diets were significantly higher than those fed the normal diet. In the serum of rats fed the PF diet, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly higher and the atherogenic index was significantly lower than those fed the control diet, while such effect was not observed in rats fed the PM diet. The alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of rats fed the control and PM diets was more significantly decreased compared to rats fed the PF and normal diet. No differences were noted in the weights of the pancreas, kidney and heart, the serum concentrations of glucose, hemoglobin and albumin, and the activities of GOT, GPT and ${\gamma}$-GTP, among the rats on all the experimental diets. In conclusion, the rats fed the PF or PM diets maintained normal body and hepatic weights. Despite of the high intake of fats in the PF and PM diets, the concentrations of hepatic total lipids, cholesterol and triglyceride, and serum triglyceride were decreased.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.688-697
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• 2010

We investigated the cholesterol-lowering and body-weight loss effects of Cheonggukjang fermented using Bacillus subtilis DJI in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Weight-matched male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: a normal diet group (N), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with DJI Cheonggukjang group (HFC-SCK), and a high-fat/high-cholesterol with commercial Cheonggukjang group (HFC-CCK). All of body weight and liver and adipose tissue weights increased in animals fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, but decreased significantly in rats fed Cheonggukjang powder, compared with the HFC group. Food intake was lower in the HFC group than in the N group, and that of the HFC-CCK group was the lowest among the four groups. Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the Cheonggukjang-powder fed groups than the other groups. Serum phospholipid and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in HFC animals and were markedly increased upon feeding of a Cheonggukjang-containing-diet. Levels of serum LDL-cholesterol, the atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factor assessment indications tended to be decreased in Cheonggukjang powder-fed groups, compared with the HFC group. The total cholesterol level in liver tissue was increased by feeding of a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, and was significantly reduced when Cheonggukjang powder was present in the diet. The levels of total lipids and triglycerides in adipose tissues were lower in the HFC-SCK group than in the HFC group, whereas no significant differences were evidence when the HFC and the HFC-CCK groups were compared. Fecal weight, moisture level, and total lipid content increased in animals fed Cheonggukjang powder. The activities of HR-LPL and TE-LPL in adipose tissues were increased in the HFC group compared with the Cheonggukjang powder-fed groups. These results indicate that dietary Cheonggukjang may improve lipid metabolism and prevent obesity and hyperlipidemia.