• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.601-609
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• 2014

The most widely used data mining technique for big data analysis is to generate meaningful association rules. This method has been used to find the relationship between set of items based on the association criteria such as support, confidence, lift, etc. Among them, confidence is the most frequently used, but it has the drawback that we can not know the direction of association by it. The attributably pure confidence was developed to compensate for this drawback, but the value was changed by the position of two item sets. In this paper, we propose four symmetrically and attributably pure confidence measures to compensate the shortcomings of confidence and the attributably pure confidence. And then we prove three conditions of interestingness measure by Piatetsky-Shapiro, and comparative studies with confidence, attributably pure confidence, and four symmetrically and attributably pure confidence measures are shown by numerical examples. The results show that the symmetrically and attributably pure confidence measures are better than confidence and the attributably pure confidence. Also the measure NSAPis found to be the best among these four symmetrically and attributably pure confidence measures.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

In this paper, we present an indirect method of elastic modulus measurement for various lamination layers formed on polymer-based compliant substrates. Although the elastic modulus of every component is crucial for mechanically reliable microelectronic devices, it is difficult to accurately measure the film properties because the lamination layers are hardly detached from the substrate. In order to resolve the problem, 3-point bending test is conducted with a film-substrate specimen and area transformation rule is applied to the cross-sectional area of the film region. With known substrate modulus, a modulus ratio between the film and the substrate is calculated using bending stiffness of the multilayered specimen obtained from the 3-point bending test. This method is verified using electroplated copper specimens with two types of film-substrate structure; double-sided film and single sided film. Also, common dielectric layers, prepreg (PPG) and dry film solder resist (DF SR), are measured with the double-sided specimen type. The results of copper (110.3 GPa), PPG (22.3 GPa), DF SR (5.0 GPa) were measured with high precision.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.17D no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Association rule mining techniques enable us to acquire knowledge concerning sales patterns among individual items from voluminous transactional data. Certainly, one of the major purposes of association rule mining is utilizing the acquired knowledge to provide marketing strategies such as catalogue design, cross-selling and shop allocation. However, this requires too much time and high cost to only extract the actionable and profitable knowledge from tremendous numbers of discovered patterns. In currently available literature, a number of interest measures have been devised to accelerate and systematize the process of pattern evaluation. Unfortunately, most of such measures, including support and confidence, are prone to yielding impractical results because they are calculated only from the sales frequencies of items. For instance, traditional measures cannot differentiate between the purchases in a small basket and those in a large shopping cart. Therefore, some adjustment should be made to the size of market baskets because there is a strong possibility that mutually irrelevant items could appear together in a large shopping cart. Contrary to the previous approaches, we attempted to consider market basket's size in calculating interest measures. Because the devised measure assigns different weights to individual purchases according to their basket sizes, we expect that the measure can minimize distortion of results caused by accidental patterns. Additionally, we performed intensive computer simulations under various environments, and we performed real case analyses to analyze the correctness and consistency of the devised measure.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2015

A scale Armor is usually excavated in a scattered form weakened by corrosion after its burial. Therefore, they should be brought into the indoor in a safe environment for the on-site conservation treatment as it was excavated. They should be placed on a stable support with a reinforced base in the indoor treatment. In this process, the bottom surface which can not be observed after the conservation treatment is placed for a record by actual survey and photography. But this method had a limit on figuring out the whole aspects of the artifact. For compensating the defect, duplication of the artifact was considered as an alternative method for the previous two methods in the case of conservation of the scale Armor from Jinyoung 2-Area, Gimhae. Neck guard was excavated in a distorted form by the earth pressure, and was hard to recognize the original shape. However, whole real material of its original form was secured through the combination of each duplicated lamellae. Throughout the application of the duplication technique in the process of conservation of scale Armor and neck guard, it could secure the real material of the bottom surface and elevate the understanding of the artifact. Moreover, a constitution of the armor could be identified more effectively.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2018

The result of the study on the origin and preservation status of the 'Gongju Junghakdong old missionary house', the Registered Cultural Property No. 233, reveals that the building was approved on October 23, 1921, and missionary Alice H. Sharp was living in the building until her retirement from her missionary life of 39 years in Korea in 1939. In order to review internal and external preservation status of the building, condition of wood material, the composition of the window, the damage of the wall, and the leaning of the building were examined. In particular, in the case of window facilities, it is necessary to restore it to the original upper and lower sliding window. As a result of investigation of the preservation status of the external facilities, it is necessary to restore the original shape of the staircase and a deck of the building on south western side and the well. In addition, the results of the non-destructive diagnosis of the ground revealed that the building was built on uneven surface layer of 2-5 m thickness and the boundary between the surface layer and the upper part of the weathered rock is inclined following geomorphology. This phenomenon shows that when the water content of the ground increases in the rainy season, the bearing capacity of the ground is lowered, and there is a possibility of uneven subsidence. Especially, landslides may occur in case of heavy rain. Therefore, it is desirable to install a masonry facility at the southwest boundary of the site, and it is recommended to install a drainage facility to ensure rapid drainage.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2014

This research was performed to identify the components and types of comfort foods and to verify gender differences on choosing comfort food in various emotional states. The total of 425 Korean college students participated in this study. The results are as follows. First, most students rated foods that give warmth and relaxation, foods that are reminiscent of happy memories, food that tastes good, were rated as types of comfort foods. On the other hand, external condition and fast food were less likely to be rated as a comfort food. Second, male students reported meat dishes, stew or soup, and alcohol as comfort foods whereas female students reported stew or soup, fruit or vegetable, and meat dishes as comfort foods. Third, the students chose different comfort food in different emotional states. In negative emotions, most students chose alcohol, chocolate, hot (spicy) food, and drinks as a comfort food. But in positive emotions, most students chose chicken as comfort foods. While male students chose alcohol as high ranking comfort food, female students chose various foods as their comfort food. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2013

The ecological health, based on the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was evaluated in 10 stream sites of Southern Han River. Eleven parameters of 12 parameters (Karr 1981) were modified for the application of regional Korean circumstance. The ecological health, based on IBI grade, was in "good condition" and the IBI score ranged from 33 to 47. Nine parameters of the original 12-parameter metrics in QHEI model (Plafkin et al. 1989) were applied in the habitat assessment. The mean QHEI model values were judged as "partially supporting" and ranged from 75 (non-supporting) to 109 (supporting). Comparative analyses revealed that values of IBI and QHEI models were greater in Gj stream than Ig- and Dn streams. The analysis of fish compositions showed that the proportions of insectivore, omnivore, and carnivore were 61.9%, 19%, and 9.5%, respectively. According to tolerance guild analysis, sensitive species and tolerant species were 76.1% and 4.7%, respectively, indicating a healthy trophic state in terms of food chain. The analysis by habitat guild type indicated that riffle benthic species dominated (57.1%) when compared to water column species (28.5%). The introduced species and individuals with diseases or external abnormality were not observed. Overall, the model values of IBI and QHEI suggested that the ecological health was maintained well in this upstream region.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1122-1158
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• 2017

Government-funded research institutes in the field of science and technology of Korea have contributed to the growth of the national economy and industrial development since the 1960s. However, those institutes recently have faced with criticism over the R&D performance on investment. Accordingly, we suggest two analytical approaches that estimate the economic benefit of the R&D performance of those institutes, (1) 'bottom-up' approach that aggregates the economic benefits of individual performances, e.g., technology transfer, technology support for small and medium enterprises, and the supply of researcher manpower and (2) 'top-down' one that estimates the contribution of those institutes on the economic growth of the industries that the R&D performance of those institutes is mainly utilized. In addition, by applying two approaches, we computed the economic benefit of the performance of the K institute in the 1996-2014 periods at 12.3 trillion won and 29.5 trillion won, respectively. Lastly, we suggest the feasibility of two approaches from the perspective of complementarity. Our study provides analytical approaches that estimate the economic benefit of the R&D performance from government funded research institutes in Korea. Lastly, our study contributes to the understanding of public on science and technology as well as the enhancement of legitimacy on those institutes among the public.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2015

As personal devices and pervasive technologies for interacting with networked objects continue to proliferate, there is an unprecedented world of scattered pieces of contextualized information available. However, the explosive growth and variety of information ironically lead users and service providers to make poor decision. In this situation, recommender systems may be a valuable alternative for dealing with these information overload. But they failed to utilize various types of contextual information. In this study, we suggest a methodology for context-aware recommender systems based on the concept of contextual boundary. First, as we suggest contextual boundary-based profiling which reflects contextual data with proper interpretation and structure, we attempt to solve complexity problem in context-aware recommender systems. Second, in neighbor formation with contextual information, our methodology can be expected to solve sparsity and cold-start problem in traditional recommender systems. Finally, we suggest a methodology about context support score-based recommendation generation. Consequently, our methodology can be first step for expanding application of researches on recommender systems. Moreover, as we suggest a flexible model with consideration of new technological development, it will show high performance regardless of their domains. Therefore, we expect that marketers or service providers can easily adopt according to their technical support.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.298-311
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• 2003

Building the new administration capital city, one of presidential candidate Moo-Hyun Rho's election pledges, is now listed as a priority national policy agenda of the Participation Government. However, so many people's negative attitudes ranging from cynical skepticism to firm objections against the national policy agenda may threaten its smooth policy actualization. At this juncture, this paper attempts to present persuasive arguments and discuss some critical issues to be considered for building the new administration capital city successfully. The paper begins with taking a look at the current state of hyper-concentration of Seoul agglomeration area and its harmful effects, paints a vision of 'an evenly developed country as a whole' via illustrating the vision from the Swiss case, and reviews the performance of the precedent governments' reform measures for rectifying the hyper-concentration of Seoul agglomeration area. And then, the paper argues for building the new administration capital city as a potent solution to the problem of excessive concentration of activities in Seoul agglomeration area, as well as a driving force to spur the government to realize the Participation Government' enthusiastic vision: 'a decentralized and evenly developed country as a whole' and 'the hub country in the Northeast Asia'. In addition, the paper discusses the location of the new administration capital city in connection with the forthcoming national unification. Lastly, the paper deals with the important issues such as the procedure of people's approval, the population size and legal status of the new administration capital city, the relationship between building the new administration capital city and decentralization reform, etc.