• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2018

Despite the increasingly stringent automotive emissions regulations, the impact of vehicle emissions on air pollution remains large. In addition, since the issue of emission of more exhaust gas than the exhaust gas measured in the test room when the vehicle passing the exhaust gas regulation standard is run on the actual road, many countries studied and introduced gas regulations about Real Driving Emission using Portable Emission Measurement System. At present, Korea regulations restrict the number of NOx and PN in diesel vehicles. In the case of gasoline vehicles, there is no regulation on emission gas, but there is a problem of continuing automobile exhaust gas problems and a large amount of gasoline GDI vehicle's PN emission. So research and interest are increasing due to this problem. In this study, characteristics of exhaust gas depending on changes of ambient temperature were analyzed among various factors affecting exhaust gas measurement of gasoline vehicles. As a result, at the low temperature test, the lower the ambient temperature, the more the exhaust gas was emitted. At ordinary temperature test, no specific tendency was observed due to changes of ambient temperature.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.654-660
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• 2018

The dependence on global fossil fuels has been gradually reducing all over the world. Some countries which recognized the important of environmental values were joining to carry out international GHG goals. Our country has also participated with high targets (37% reduction compared to BAU 2030 years). So we need to supply materials of lower GHG value such as a bio-diesel. Bio-alcohol is one of the similar bio-fuels that can be reducing GHG. A lot of countries had tried to commercialize through various R&D for bio-alcohol. In this study, we analyzed the fuel characteristics of bio-alcohol fuel produced by domestic technology. And we evaluated a possibility to use as vehicle fuel through mixing of bio-alcohol and gasoline. The mixed fuels were satisfied with 2.3 wt% of oxygen content that is standard of the petroleum and petroleum alternative fuel business Act. We tried to evaluate a emission characteristic of vehicle by mixed fuel. In accordance with the results we tried to find a correlation between fuel and emission.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

Gasoline that meets the quality standards is distributed in Korea. However, consumers who use toluene or solvent mixed with gasoline have appeared due to rising crude oil prices and for the purpose of tax evasion. Gasoline quality standard is enacted by the domestic and international research reference. A wrong fuel can influence automobile performance or environmental issue. Thus, empirical data from this issue is necessary. Therefore, this research observed catalyst influence by gasoline property change and inspect influence of environment. In this study, fuel property evaluation, lean-burn evaluation, and real vehicle exhaust emission test were performed. In the result of fuel property, the fuel "A" was measured to be up to 27% less octane than the normal gasoline and the distillation property was measured 24% higher than normal gasoline. In the test result of single cylinder engine lean-burn test, the fuels "A" and "B" show torque value 20% less than the normal gasoline. As a result of vehicle test using the catalyst, the fuel "A" was increased more than the normal gasoline with 83% THC, 1,806% CO and 128% NOx, and the fuel "B" was increased more than normal gasoline with 1.6% THC, 391% CO and 142% NOx.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.385-390
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• 2020

It rains heavily, such as long rain and typhoons, during a typical rainy season in Korea. In this season, several fuel contamination accidents by water and vehicular problems caused by water contaminated fuel occur. Many research groups have studied the effects of water contaminated fuel on vehicles and environment. However the characteristics of water contaminated fuel have not been studied. In this study, we prepared diesel samples with a constant ratio of water (0~30 volume %) using an emulsifier. Then, we analyzed these diesel samples for their representative fuel properties. In the analytical results, diesel with 30% water showed an increase in fuel properties such as density (823→883 kg/㎥), kinematic viscosity (2.601→6.345 ㎟/s), flash point (47→56℃), pour point (-22→2℃), CFPP (cold filter plugging point) (-17→20℃) and copper corrosion number (1a→2a). The low temperature characteristics, such as low pour point and CFPP, blocks the fuel filter in the cold season. In addition, water contaminated diesel decreases lubricity (190→410 ㎛) under high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) and derived cetane number (54.81→34.25). The low lubricity of fuel causes vehicle problem such as pump and injector damage owing to severe friction. In addition, the low cetane diesel fuel increases exhaust gases such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) owing to incomplete combustion. This study can be used to identify the problems caused by water contamination to vehicle and fuel facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1327-1337
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• 2018

Aviation fuel oil is more strictly controlled than other transport fuels because it can lead to major accidents in the event of a problem. The quality standards of the aircraft are specified by the domestic Korean Standard, the American Society for Testing and Materials and the International Air Transport Association, respectively. From 2016 to 2017, the quality analysis of 6 items such as aromatic content, sulfur content and distillation characteristics was carried out on the jet fuel produced at five domestic refineries. Domestic production of jet fuel has been shown to be in conformity with the quality standards and has been maintained at a constant level throughout the year. Compared with the specification of ASTM and IATA the aromatic content of domestic KS specification is set to be strictly 1.5 wt% higher than the ASTM and IATA setting specification, but it satisfies this specification sufficiently. In addition, other items such as sulfur content, distillation property and flash point satisfied both domestic and international specification.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1307-1319
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• 2018

As interests in the air pollution increases, many kinds of researches are underway on the reduction of air pollutants. The removal of nitrogen oxides from the emission gas of diesel vehicles using urea solution has shown a great effect. The quality of urea solution is strictly defined by domestic law, but the increase of impurities in urea solution reduces the effect of reducing nitrogen oxides. Therefore, in this study, the change of physical properties of urea solution was analyzed after heating the urea solution for a certain temperature and time. Also, the changes of physical properties of urea solution were analyzed according to kinds of storage container and temperature for storing the urea solution. After heating the urea solution for a certain period of time, the biuret content in urea solution increased and the content of urea decreased. As the urea content decreased, both density and refractive index decreased. In the storage stability test carried out at a constant temperature with iron and PET containers, no change in physical properties was observed.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.232-239
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• 2021

Petroleum is the most consumed energy source in Korea with a usage rate of 38.7% among the available primary energy sources. The price of liquid petroleum products in Korea includes taxes such as transportation·environment·energy tax. Thus, illegal production and distribution of liquid petroleum is widespread because of its huge price difference from that of the normal product and its tax-free nature. Generally, the illegal petroleum product is produced by mixing liquid petroleum with other similar petroleum alternatives. The two kinds of gasoline, common gasoline and premium gasoline, are being distributed in Korea. The premium gasoline is often adulterated with cheaper common gasoline that lowers the octane number of gasoline. It is possible to distinguish them with their color difference, green and yellow for different grade gasoline. However, when small volume of common gasoline is added to premium gasoline, it is difficult to determine whether premium gasoline contained common grade or not. In this study, we inspect gasoline, which is illegally produced by mixing common gasoline to premium gasoline. When the ratio of mixing common gasoline is increased, premium gasoline shows decreasing absorbance at 600 nm and 650 nm under UV-Vis spectrometer. Moreover, the detected intensity (mV·s) of green dye in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was decreased by common gasoline under 0.99 correlation value. The more the common gasoline is mixed, the more olefin and naphthene are detected by gas chromatography. In addition, trimethyl pentane as octane improver, paraffin and toluene are decreased by common gasoline mixing. The findings of this study suggests that illegal petroleum can be identified by analysis of components and simulated samples.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

An automobile is composed of a combination of a lot of parts, and it is difficult to maintain the same performance from a new car until it's scrapped. Greenhouse gases included in automobile emissions are typically carbon dioxide and methane. It is expected that this greenhouse gas will change depending on the aging (cumulative mileage) of the automobile However, the greenhouse gas characteristics by cumulative mileage lack of actual data due to time and economic difficulties. Therefore, in this paper, we selected automobile with high sales by displacement in korea and carbon dioxide and methane were measured by using method of the related law. The cumulative mileage is as follows; within 160 km (Statutory mileage by 2010), 6500 km (current statutory mileage), 15000 km (approximately 1-year average mileage of Non-business passenger vehicle). As a result of the test, the emission of carbon dioxide and methane was the smallest at 6,500 km, and increased in order of 15000 km, within 160 km. Also, it was confirmed that the $CO_2$ emission change of a large displacement automobile is more smaller at each mileage. Although the greenhouse gas tends to increase as the mileage of the vehicle, it is thought that additional confirmation is required of since 15,000 km as well, because it can occur deviations due to taming process or mechanical friction of the automobile.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.661-667
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• 2018

Electric vehicles are taken a long time to charge and are restricted driving where charging infrastructure was not sufficiently constructed. The vehicle developed to solve these problems is a plug-in hybrid vehicle. It is possible to drive a certain distance by using electric motor and when the battery runs out, it operate the engine. Plug-in hybrid vehicle have a complicated structure and a lot of parts comparing a general vehicle because the electric parts and the internal combustion engine are installed together. Therefore, as the aging (mileage) of the plug-in hybrid vehicle, the influence which change of fuel consumption is expected to be larger than a general vehicle, but an experimental data are lacking. In this paper, we cumulate a mileage of the plug-in hybrid vehicle about 15,000 km and measured the fuel economy when the cumulated distance reached within 160 km, 6,500 km, 15,000 km respectively, by using domestic public test method. For measuring fuel economy of the vehicle, CD mode (driving distance on a single charge) which use only motor and the CS mode which operate motor and combustion engine were measured respectively. As a result, the fuel economy slightly increased at cumulated mileage of 6,500 km compared to the 160 km and the fuel economy of 15,000 km was similar to 160 km.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2019

Clean soil environment is of crucial importance to sustain lives of ecosystem and humans. With rapid industrialization, there has been a great increase of soil contamination by accidental releases of petroleum products. In general, soil remediation is an expensive and time-consuming process as compared to cleanup of water and air. Moreover, determining the source and responsible parties of soil pollution often turns into legal conflicts and that further delay the cleanup process of contaminated sites. In practice, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis has been employed to determine the petroleum species and to track down the responsible polluters. However, this approach often suffers from differentiating similar TPH species. In this study, we analyzed TPH chromatogram patterns of 24 domestic petroleum products in specific carbon ranges (${\sim}C_{10}$, $C_{10}-C_{12}$, $C_{12}-C_{36}$, and $C_{36}{\sim}$) and the fractional changes of THP ratio in the mixture products of gasoline, kerosene and diesel. The proposed TPH analysis method in this study could serve as a useful tool to better analyze the petroleum species in soils contaminated with complex oil mixtures, and ultimately be used to identify the polluters of soil.