• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 1996

For the effective control of mosquito larvae, Anopheles sinensis, the expression vector pCYASK5-1 containing cryIVD gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 was constructed and transformed into the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. The transformants were selected on BG-11 medium containing kanamycin. The expression of cryIVD gene in transformant was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The mortality of A. sinensis larvae was scored for 3 days. Furthermore, growth and distribution rate of transformant were examined. The results showed that Synechocystis PCC6803 transformed with cryIVD gene of B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 was highly toxic to A. sinensis larvae, demonstrating that it will be a potential agent for mosquito control.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.85-103
• /
• 2013

Objectives : I would find out the developmental succession and results of Li Ting(李梴)'s research for hakgil(malaria, 瘧疾) reflected in Euhakibmun(醫學入門). Methods : I had searched from which books the original contents of Euhakibmun(醫學入門) came, in aspects of classification, causes, mechanism, symptoms, differentiation and medical treatments of malaria. Results : Lee Cheon(李梴) classified causes of malaria from the viewpoint of Yin and Yang, and made its medical treatment modalities definite. He used its prescriptions rationally and analytically according to the classification of malaria which he suggested. Conclusion : Lee Cheon(李梴)'s studies on malaria(瘧疾) in Euhakibmun(醫學入門) were very creative and special unlike existing assessment known in Korean medicine academic world.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.776-780
• /
• 2007

Recently World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office (WHO/WPRO) has developed the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region (IST), and is developing WHO International Classification of Traditional Medicine/Western Pacific Regional Office (ICTM/WPRO). Regarding ICTM, WHO/WPRO hoped that it will be incorporated to International Classification of Disease (ICD) 11$^{th}$ edition, published in 2015. The author reports the proceedings of these two standardizations on terminologies and diseases of traditional medicine in East Asia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.1001-1034
• /
• 2008

This thesis is a study composed of eight chapters from 9. to 16. of the Maek Kyoung(脈經) Vol. VIII. ; the symptom & the pulse of Jaundice(黃疸), Malarial Disease(?疾). Carbuncle(癰腫) Intestines Carbuncle(腸癰), & c. It is as follows : Chapter 9 refers to the symptom, pulse, treatment and prognosis of Jaundice(黃疸) and Malarial Disease(?疾). Chapter 10 refers to the cause, symptom, pulse and treatment of Cardialgia(胸痺), Cardiagra(心痛) and Nephric Accumulation(賁豚). Chapter 11 refers to the symptom, pulse and treatment of Abdominal Fuliness(腹滿), Cold Mounting(寒疝) and Abiding Food(宿食). Chapter 12 refers to the symptom and pulse of Accumulation and Mass of the Five Viscera(五臟積聚). Chapter 13 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse, treatment and prognosis of Terror and Palpitation due to Fright(驚悸), Hematemesis(吐血), Nasal Hemorrhage(?血), Metrorrhagia(下血) and Extravasated Blood(瘀血). Chapter 14 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse and treatment of Vomiting(嘔吐), Hiccough(?) and Diarrhea(下利). Chapter 15 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse and treatment of Atrophy of Lung(肺?), Pulmonary Abscess(肺癰), Lung-distention(咳逆上氣) and Phlegm(痰飮). Chapter 16 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse. treatment and prognosis of Carbuncle(癰腫), Intestines Carbuncle(腸癰), Wound(金瘡) and Acute Eczema(侵淫瘡). There have been abundant investigations in China. But we couldn't find a clear result yet, and they were written in archaic texts and colloquial Chinese, therefore it is needed to be translated into Korean. And there was only one inaccurate translation with insufficient annotation. So I hope this study will be useful to develope Oriental Medical Diagnostics.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.122-132
• /
• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this case study is to report the effect of Sasang constitutional therapy about chill and fever pattern of malaria by acute urticaria. Methods This Soyangin patient is treated by herbal prescriptions, venesection, and acupuncture therapy according to the change of symptoms. When fever is severe, adequate medical supportive treatments such as normal saline intravenous injection, sedative or anti-histamine are provided for the patient. Results & Conclusions The patient's symptoms of acute urticaria and general conditions were improved after using Yangdokbaekho-tang and Hwagam. However, chill and fever pattern of malaria was continued so that Hyungbangpaedok-san and Dokhwaljihwang-tang for Soyangin's lasting malaria symptom were medicated to the patient. Accordingly, chill and fever pattern lasting about one month was successfully eliminated after herbal treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.451-457
• /
• 1998

This study was performed on the bases of clinical consideration about patient who has malaria. The symptoms of malaria are periodic alternating of chills and fever on everyone, two or three days. The patients feel a chill at the first time of malaria, and have a fever, headache and sweating at the next time. The long cycle of malarial fever such as every 2 or 3 days means that it takes a turn for the worse. In this study, oriental medicine was taken based on the oriental medicine principle such as Dalwonum(達原飮), Sosihotang(小柴胡湯) and Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯), and the patients take a turn for the better. In the process of treatment if there is no fever in the expected date of the malarial fever, it is sure to have fever in the next expected date. It is favorable that patients lose the chills first and the fever lately in the process of treatment, and we can explain that supporting healthy energy to eliminate evil(扶正祛邪). The long cycle of malarial fever such as every 4, 6 or 9 days means that it is just before the recovery.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2019

Objectives : As for the effect of Polygonum multiflorum on malaria treatment, this study analyzed the characteristics of Herenyin use in Korea and the contents mentioned in major Herbs books of the past. Methods : This study searched, collected and analyzed in the literature and data DB including the contents in herbs books on the treatment of malaria with Polygonum multiflorum, and the contents of various medical books about Herenyin used in Korea, etc. Results :Since Ming and Qing dynasties, Polygonum multiflorum was used mainly for patients with malaria, whose vitality gets weakened with time. Such effects are described in numerous Herbs books. Herenyin, consisting of major medicinal materials of Polygonum multiflorum and ginseng, was also frequently used in malaria treatment in Korea in late Joseon, rather than in China since it was listed in "Jingyuequanshu". Conclusions : Based on the mechanism studies of Polygonum multiflorum with malaria treatment effects and the study of malaria treatment medication including Polygonum multiflorum, it is hoped that the development of new therapies for complete eradication of malaria will be made in the future.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.133-174
• /
• 2013

Objective : Malaria(瘧疾) is a disease that's main symptom is paroxysm - a cyclical occurrence of sudden coldness followed by rigor and then fever. Since the introduction of the cause and mechanism of malaria(瘧疾) in the "Suwen(素問)", including Cold malaria(寒瘧), Warm malaria(溫瘧), Heat malaria(癉瘧) and Wind malaria(風瘧), there has been over 20 different kinds of malaria, each of which are introduced in multiple medical texts. Method : Through comparison between "Suwen(素問)" and other medical texts, the categories, causes and mechanisms of malaria can be analysed and organized to overview the whole feature of it. Results & Conclusion : External pathogens of malaria(瘧疾) are wind(風), cold(寒), summerheat (暑), dampness(濕), miasmic toxin(瘴), pestilence(疫), ghost(鬼). Internal pathogens of malaria(瘧疾) are dietary irregularities(飮食不節), overexertion and fatigue(勞倦), phlegm(痰), seven emotion(七情). Malaria can be categorized into four groups according to the pathological mechanism that leads to paroxysm. They are latency of disease(伏氣), external contraction(外感), internal damage(內傷), and combination of disease(合病). Malaria-Paroxysm(瘧疾發作) occurs when the three following factors collide strongly : defense qi(衛氣), latent qi(伏邪) and external pathogen(新邪). When collision of the three factors takes place in the interior(裏), the body experiences chills. When it takes place in the exterior(表), the body experiences fever. The cyclical occurrence of Malaria-Paroxysm follows the circulation of defense qi.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2012

Objective : I would like to determine the main factors, in other words, the subjects that are responsible for febrile paroxysm and how they interact at the time of onset, based on the "Discourse on Hak(瘧)" chapter of "Huangdi Neijing(黃帝內經)". Methods : First, the pathological mechanism of the paroxysm was examined as described in the text. Then the subjects in question were analyzed based on the contents of the text. Result : 1. Febrile paroxysm happens when the three factors coincide at the Fengfu(風府). The three elements are as follows: first defense qi(衛氣), second latent qi(伏邪) and third, external pathogen(新邪). 2. Fengfu(風府) is not a specific point, but a region which external pathogen(新邪) passes through during which the defense qi is deficient. Conclusion : Febrile paroxysm is not caused by either an internal pathogen or an external pathogen, but the interaction between the three elements of the internal and external pathogens and the condition of defense qi. Moreover, the site, Fengfu(風府), which the disease is manifested is not a specific point but a more general region where the pathogenic qi has invaded while defense qi has weakened.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2011

The texts of "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" explains Hakjil(瘧疾) in detail, especially in the "Jahak(刺瘧)" chapter, where bloodletting treatment is applied in many cases. The following paper categorized and organized Hakjil(瘧疾) cases treated by bloodletting methods, then analyzed applicable subjects and appropriate time for the procedure based on the texts. Afterwards, the mechanism for the cessation of Hakjil(瘧疾) seizures was examined. The findings of this research are as follows. 1. In the contents of "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)", the appropriate time for acupuncture and bloodletting procedure is when Hakjil(瘧疾) seizures start to present themselves. 2. When a seizure takes place as a symptom of the body getting rid of the Hak(瘧) pathogen, Yanggi(陽氣) rushes to the locus of the pathogen, causing congestion of Gi(氣) and Blood(血) resulting in static blood[瘀血]. Therefore, bloodletting at the time of seizure initiation helps the flow of Gi(氣) and Blood(血), preventing the rush of Yanggi(陽氣). This is a restoration of the balancing function of Eum(陰) and Yang(陽), which indicates that bloodletting not only promotes smooth flow of Gi(氣) and Blood(血), but extends its effects to mental functions that balances Eum(陰) and Yang(陽). 3. Although Hakjil(瘧疾) seizures are presented in terms of Gi(氣) and Blood(血) in symptoms such as chill and fever[寒熱], static blood[瘀血], pain, etc., a fundamental disturbance in mental functions that control cold and heat seems to be present.