• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.264-275
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• 2017

Objective: This study examines the effects of children's art activities through forest experience in relation with Nuri curriculum on environmental sensitivity. Method: A survey was administered to an experimental group of 20 children as well as a control group of 20 children for statistical analysis. after 16-class art activities through forest experience were performed to children aged 4 at a daycare center for 50 days. Result: Children's art activities through forest experience in relation with Nuri curriculum had a positive effect on their environmental sensitivity. In particular, their art activities had a positive effect on their self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy and motivation in the experimental group, supporting the educational effects and benefits of developmental children's art activities through forest experience in relation with Nuri curriculum. In other words, art activities through forest experience are useful in terms of providing children with creative expression activities in art by leading to observation and exploration, as well as educational experiences that have positive attitudes toward the environment. Conclusion: As children's art activities through forest experience have a positive effect on their environmental sensitivity, more useful information on teaching-learning methods will be able to be provided to early childhood teachers in the field. Consequently, children's art activities through forest experience need to be actively introduced in the field of early childhood education as an alternative for learning nature and improving environment-friendly emotional intelligence.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

Recently, in the field of video surveillance, a Deep Learning based learning method has been applied to a method of detecting a moving person in a video and analyzing the behavior of a detected person. The human activity recognition, which is one of the fields this intelligent image analysis technology, detects the object and goes through the process of detecting the body keypoint to recognize the behavior of the detected object. In this paper, we propose a method for Body Keypoint Localization based on Object Detection using RGB-D information. First, the moving object is segmented and detected from the background using color information and depth information generated by the two cameras. The input image generated by rescaling the detected object region using RGB-D information is applied to Convolutional Pose Machines for one person's pose estimation. CPM are used to generate Belief Maps for 14 body parts per person and to detect body keypoints based on Belief Maps. This method provides an accurate region for objects to detect keypoints an can be extended from single Body Keypoint Localization to multiple Body Keypoint Localization through the integration of individual Body Keypoint Localization. In the future, it is possible to generate a model for human pose estimation using the detected keypoints and contribute to the field of human activity recognition.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.282-294
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a novel intelligent headlight control (IHC) system which is durable to various road lights and camera movement caused by vehicle driving. For detecting candidate light blobs, the region of interest (ROI) is decided as front ROI (FROI) and back ROI (BROI) by considering the camera geometry based on perspective range estimation model. Then, light blobs such as headlights, taillights of vehicles, reflection light as well as the surrounding road lighting are segmented using two different adaptive thresholding. From the number of segmented blobs, taillights are first detected using the redness checking and random forest classifier based on Haar-like feature. For the headlight and taillight classification, we use the random forest instead of popular support vector machine or convolutional neural networks for supporting fast learning and testing in real-life applications. Pairing is performed by using the predefined geometric rules, such as vertical coordinate similarity and association check between blobs. The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to various driving sequences in night-time, and the results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is better than that of recent related works.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-99
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to find out differences in personality characteristics between gifted and normal children and also to find out differences in personality characteristics between gifted boys and gifted girls. Three hundred and forty-five children(108 gifted children, 237 normal children), who were forth to sixth grade children, were taken the Children's NEO Personality Inventory(Big five traits and 17 facets). The results were as follos; 1. There are statistically significant differences in personality characteristics between the gifted and the normal children. The gifted children have higher tendency of openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, lower neuroticism than the normal children. There is no difference in agreeableness between the gifted and the normal children. In the subfactors(facets) of neuroticism, the gifted children have lower tendency of anxiety, hostility, depression, shyness, attention deficit than the normal children. In the subfactors of extraversion, the gifted children have higher tendency of assertiveness, gregariousness, cheerfulness than the normal children. In the subfactors of openness, the gifted children have higher tendency of fantasy, creativity, physical activity, high intellectual ability, flexibility, reactivity than the normal children. In the subfactors of agreeableness, the gifted were more warmth and altruism than the normal children. In the subfactors of conscientiousness, the gifted children have higher tendency of competence, achievement motivation, deliberation, dutifulness than the normal children. 2. There were no statistically significant differences in personality characteristics between the gifted girls and the gifted boys. In the subfactors of neuroticism the gifted boys have higher tendency of shyness than the gifted girls. In the of subfactors of extraversion, the gifted boys have lower tendency of sensation- seeking than the gifted girls. In the subfactors of openness, the gifted boys have higher tendency of intellectual ability than the gifted girls.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.7 s.156
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• pp.565-574
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• 2005

It is used water quality data that was measured at Pyeongchanggang real time monitoring stations in Namhan river. These characteristics were analyzed with the water qualify of rainy and nonrainy periods. TOC (Total Organic Carbon) data of rainy periods has correlation with discharge and shows high values of mean, maximum, and standard deviation. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) value of rainy periods is lower than those of nonrainy periods. Input data of the water quality forecasting models that they were constructed by neural network and neuro-fuzzy was chosen as the reasonable data, and water qualify forecasting models were applied. LMNN, MDNN, and ANFIS models have achieved the highest overall accuracy of TOC data. LMNN (Levenberg-Marquardt Neural Network) and MDNN (MoDular Neural Network) model which are applied for DO forecasting shows better results than ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System). MDNN model shows the lowest estimation error when using daily time, which is qualitative data trained with quantitative data. The observation of discharge and water quality are effective at same point as well as same time for real time management. But there are some of real time water quality monitoring stations far from the T/M water stage. Pyeongchanggang station is one of them. So discharge on Pyeongchanggang station was calculated by developed runoff neural network model, and the water quality forecasting model is linked to the runoff forecasting model. That linked model shows the improvement of waterquality forecasting.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.239-254
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• 2001

The in-depth learning course newly established in the 7th National Curriculum of Science is for students who have mastered regular subject matters on a science topic and want to learn it more deeply or by different ways. Individual learners have their own unique intellectual properties. The study examined the effects of in-depth science learning using multiple intelligence activities on the science inquiry abilities and interests of elementary school children. This study involved two fifth-grade science classes in Busan. Each class was assigned to comparison and experimental group. The science topics covered during the period of the study were Units of Matter and Earth. After studying each regular content formulated by the National Curriculum, the students of comparison group experienced traditional practices of in-depth science, whereas those of experimental one performed the Multiple Intelligence(MI) activities related to the content. Students of both groups were pre- and posttested using the inventories of Science Inquiry Ability and Science Interest. Also, after instruction on the topics, students were interviewed to collect more information related to their loaming. The results are as follows. First, the science inquiry abilities of children were increased by using activities based on MI during the in-depth science teaming. Two inquiry processes, that is, the Prediction which is regarded as one of the basic process skills in science and the Generalization regarded as one of integrated process skills showed statistically significant differences between the groups, although the differences of other skills not significant but more improvements in experimental group than comparison one. Second, the in-depth science loaming through MI contributed to the increasing of interests of the children in science. The scores on Science Interest measured in pretest and posttest with the two groups showed st statistically significant difference. For interest in science instruction, children of experimental group showed high level of interest for the various MI activities, and, although the comparison groups' level of the interest was low, they revealed that they want to experience the MI activities in future instruction of science. Interviews with the children randomly selected from the experimental group when they completed the in-depth programs showed that most of them had much interest in MI activities. Especially, they attributed significant meanings to the experiences of teaming with their friends and doing activities that they want to do. These findings have important implications about usefulness of MI in science instruction. The results also highlight the need for science teachers to provide a variety of experiences and to create environments which encourage the children to use MI to learn a science topic.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

Aging and severe environments are major causes of damage in reinforced concrete (RC) structures such as buildings and bridges. Deterioration such as concrete cracks, corrosion of steel, and deformation of structural members can significantly degrade the structural performance and safety. Therefore, effective and easy-to-use methods are desired for repairing and strengthening such concrete structures. Various methods for strengthening and rehabilitation of RC structures have been developed in the past several decades. Recently, FRP composite materials have emerged as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional materials for repairing, strengthening, and retrofitting deteriorating/deficient concrete structures, by externally bonding FRP laminates to concrete structural members. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in predicting behavior of circular type concrete column retrofitted with FRP. To construct training and testing dataset, experiment results for the specimens which have different retrofit profile are used. Retrofit ratio, strength of existing concrete, thickness, number of layer, stiffness, ultimate strength of fiber and size of specimens are selected as input parameters to predict strength, strain, and stiffness of post-yielding modulus. These proposed ANFIS models show reliable increased accuracy in predicting constitutive properties of concrete retrofitted by FRP, compared to the constitutive models suggested by other researchers.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1057-1058
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• 2003

본 연구는 올바른 식습관 행태와 비만에 관련된 여러 요인을 파악하여 비만아동을 위한 보다 전문적이고 체계적인 영양과 체중조절을 위한 온라인 프로그램을 개발하고자 경기도 구리시 소재 2개 초등학교 5학년 학생 총 686명(남 55.7% 여 44.3%)을 대상으로 컴퓨터 이용도와 비만관리프로그램에 대한 수요도 조사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 학교에서 제공한 신체계측자료를 바탕으로 한 비만도(%) 분석에서는 과다체중군 14.8%(남 8.0%, 여6.8%), 비만군 8.9%(남 6.0%, 여 2,9%)였고, 뢰러지수(Rohler index)로 분류한 결과에서는 비만군이 6.7%(남7.6%, 여 5.7%)로 나타났다. 컴퓨터이용 및 영양정보 수요도 조사에서 컴퓨터 이용시간은 전체의 91.9%가 하루 2시간 이내였고 컴퓨터 사용시 게임 76.1%, 인터넷 정보검색과 인터넷 학습이 각각 33.6%와 22.7%였다. 정보검색시 영양에 대한 정보를 찾아 본 학생은 29.8%였고 앞으로 더 알고 싶은 영양정보는 키를 크게 해 주는 식품 43.6%,머리가 좋아지는 식품 30.9%였다. 인터넷에서 얻고 싶은 비만에 관한 정보는 체중감소를 위한 다이어트 및 식사방법 44.0%, 운동방법 39.2%였으며 인터넷의 비만사이트에서 제공되는 정보형태에 대한 선호도는 게임 40.7%, 만화 22.4%로 많았고 인터넷을 통한 영양교육 및 사이트 운영에 60.1%(남 49.4%, 여 72.9%)의 학생이 참여의사를 표시하였는데 특히 여학생이 더 높은 참여의사를 보였다(p<0.01). 식습관에 관한 조사에서 하루 중 가장 자주 식사를 거르게 되는 때는 아침 30.8%, 때에 따라 다르다. 30.2%로 나타났고 식사할 때의 속도는 10분미만이 정상군은 16.5%(남 21.5%,여 10.5%), 비만군은 31.7% (남 36.0%, 여 25.0%)로 비만할수록, 남학생일수록 빠르게 먹는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 식사시의 편식여부는 정상군의 54.6%, 비만군은 39.0%만이 편식을 하는 반면 비만군은 싫어하는 음식이 거의 없다가 41.5%로 정상군23.6%보다 유의하게 높아 비만아동은 편식이 아닌 탐식의 문제를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 많이 먹는 간식의 종류는 과자 및 스낵류 47.6%, 아이스크림 38.5%등으로 나타났다. 자신의 체형에 관한 인식에서는 조금 뚱뚱하다 30.9%(남 27.5%, 여 35.0%), 많이 뚱뚱하다 9.0%(남 10.6%, 여 7.1%)로 나타나 신체계측치에 의한 비만도(%)에서 과다체중 및 비만이 전체의 23.7%(남 14.0%, 여 9.7%)인 것과 비교해 볼 때 전체적으로 정상인 체중을 뚱뚱한 것으로 판단하고 있고 여학생의 경우 그 정도가 더욱 심한 것으로 나타났다. 몸무게를 줄이려고 시도한 경험에서는 정상군 42.5%(남 34.5%, 여 51.9%), 비만군 80.0%(남 76.0%, 여 86.7%)가 경험이 있으며 몸무게를 줄이기 위해 택한 방법은 운동 67.5%이 가장 많았다. 전체학생의 25.0%(남 17.6%, 여 33.5%)가 체형 때문에 고민한 적이 있으며 고민의 주된 내용은 너무 뚱뚱한 것 같다 39.5%, 키가 너무 작은 것 같다가 28.5%였다. 위와 같은 분석결과를 볼 때 학생들에게 제공되는 영양정보의 내용에 체중감소를 위한 다이어트 및 식사방법 그리고 운동방법과 함께 키를 크게 해주거나 지능을 높여주는 정보를 같이 연계시켜 교육하는 것이 흥미유발에 도움을 주며 게임 및 만화를 적절히 응용하는 것도 효과적이라 여겨진다. 비만아동을 위한 프로그램 운영 시 참여할 의사가 높은 만큼 효율적이고도 조직적인 방법으로 비만아동이 지속적으로 관리되고 아동 스스로도 거부감 없이 적극적으로 비만문제를 해결하는 노력을 일상화 할 수 있도록 체계적인 프로그램이 마련 될 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2020

This paper highlights the influence and the importance of the syntactic-grammatical knowledge on "the reading machine", appeared in Jackendoff (1999). Due to the lack of the detailed testing and implementation in his research, this paper tests an extensive data array using a component of Google Translate, currently available freely and most widely on the internet. Although outdated, Jackendoff's paper, "Why can't Computers use English?", argues that syntactic-grammatical knowledge plays a key role in the outputs of computers and computer-based reading machines. The current research has implemented some testings of his thought-provoking examples, in order to find out whether Google Translate can handle the same problems after two decades or so. As a result, it is argued that in the field of NLP, I-language in the sense of Chomsky (1986, 1995 etc) is real and the syntactic, grammatical, and categorial knowledge is essential in the faculty of language. Therefore, it is reassured in this paper that when it comes to human language, even the most advanced "machine" is still no match for human faculty of language, the syntactic-grammatical knowledge.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.731-745
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• 2017

This study is a part of our research project that considers 'Science as Wisdom (SaW)' as a new approach to science education. We presented a review of previous studies on wisdom from relevant areas as philosophy, psychology and education, and drew a few educational meanings. We also conducted a survey of science teachers' perception of wisdom to obtain implications for a follow-up study. The survey was conducted on pre-service science teachers, in-service science teachers, and teachers of other subjects. The results of this study are as follows: First, all three groups of participants perceive 'practical' domain of wisdom as most important while 'interpersonal' domain was perceived as least important. Second, all three groups of participants perceive that 'to catch what the most important problem is,' is the most important among 20 elements of wisdom. Third, when participants were asked about the 'wise people around them', the interpersonal domain followed as the second most frequent response after the 'practical' domain, which was in contrast to our first finding above. Fourth, about 80% of all participants answered that wisdom can be cultivated through school education. Finally, answers to the question asking the scientific concepts related to wisdom were categorized into four types as follows: (1) the wisdom required to understand and apply scientific knowledge, (2) the wisdom included in the meaning of scientific knowledge, (3) the wisdom needed to discover scientific knowledge, (4) the wisdom that can be developed through scientific activities.