• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.247-291
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• 2018

This study investigates the employment structure and the social safety net experience of the subcontracting cleaning workers in Korea, who have been main targets of the labor outsourcing despite the necessity and permanence of their labour. This study specifically focuses on the fact that these subcontracting cleaning workers are mostly female and in their old age, and analyzes how the combination of their age, gender, and employment structure leads to the (mis)match with the Korean social security system. Case study with in-dept interview method has been conducted to the old-aged female subcontracting cleaning workers in Korea. The result of this study is as follows. It was the income insecurity that led them to (re)enter the labour market, and the cleaning work was the almost the only wage work they could do considering their age and gender. Cleaning workers are mostly employed in the subcontracting company, and thus their labour contracts depend on the business contract period between the original and subcontracting company. Consequently, their employment relationship is mostly insecure unless they are guaranteed employment succession through the collective agreement of trade union. Moreover, it has been discovered that the employment insecurity due to the indirect employment relationship led to the poor labour conditions, low wage, and the exclusion from the social safety net.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.177-208
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• 2011

This article examines that how in-house subcontract has been introduced and developed in metal industry in 1970s, focusing typical workplaces in steel industry. That was essential for the capital to insure control mechanism for large number of laborer because of mobilizing a large scale of capital in industrialization of heavy metal industry. In case of Pohang steel industry, this necessity was fulfilled by introduction and imitation of Japanese personnel management by being included of Japanese economic hinterland. This was embodied in both constructing internal labor market for regular workers and introducing in-house subcontracting system for contingent workers at workplaces. This was exceptional comparing in-house subcontracting system in Korean steel industry with in-house subcontracting system in advanced economies, because of disappearing in-house subcontracting system by making internal labor market. And this was closely linked by late development of Korea. Implications of Pohang steel company's case are as follows : first, late development effect in formation of employment system, second, in linking informality of Korean employment system. This implications mean that in-house subcontracting in steel industry is structured as mechanism for personnel management in large factory being influenced by industrialization of heavy industry. In this point, improvements which include wide economic solution beyond labor solution for present problem of in-house subcontracting system is desirable.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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• no.50
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• pp.54-56
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• 1999

본고는 글로벌화의 파고를 맞이하여 선진각국의 대규모기업이나 모기업들이 리스트럭춰링(restructuring)이나 아웃소싱(outsourcing) 등을 강력히 추진하는 와중에서 중소기업이나 하청거래가 당면하게 되는 과제와 생존할 수 있는 전략이 무엇인가 등에 대하여 일본 공정취인협회가 발행한 ''공정취인''(7월호)에 게재된 고조카츠지(居城克治)의 $\lceil$중소기업$\cdot$하청거래에 대한 오늘의 과제$\rfloor$를 업계에 참고가 될 수 있도록 요약 정리한 것이다.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.2 s.168
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• pp.54-61
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• 1993

미국의 방위 산업은 주 계약업체, 하청계약업체로 구성되는데, 주 계약업체는 주요체계 또는 완제품을 제조, 조립하며 하청계약 업체는 주요체계를 구성하는 종속체계와 구성품을 제조합니다. 주 계약업체가 부품을 해외로부터 확보하게 되면 미국내 하청계약 업체는 시장을 잃게 됩니다. 국방부나 미국 의회가 어떤 프로그램을 취소함으로써 생산시설의 폐쇄를 초래하는 주요한 사항은 산업기반에 대한 구조상의 영향을 먼저 고려해야 하며 국가안보이익을 위해 주 계약업체의 능력을 약화 또는 무력화 시켜서는 안될 것입니다

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.71-94
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• 1989

본고(本稿)에서는 대기업(大企業)과 중소기업(中小企業)간의 합리적(合理的) 생산분업체제(生産分業體制)를 논의(論議)하기 위한 참고자료(參考資料)로서 후진적(後進的) 상황(狀況)에서 출발하여 효율적(效率的) 분업체제(分業體制)를 형성하게 된 일본하청제(日本下請制)의 전개과정(展開過程)과 하청론(下請論)의 주요논점(主要論點)을 개괄적(槪括的)으로 정리(整理)하였다. 하청제(下請制)의 전개과정(展開過程)에는 일본(日本)에 특수(特殊)한 경제적(經濟的) 사회적(社會的) 문화적(文化的) 요인(要因)들이 작용하였지만, 산업기형발전(産業技衡發展)과 시장규모확대(市場規模擴大)에 의한 분업(分業)의 확대(擴大) 심화(深化), 분업체제(分業體制)의 재편과정(再編過程)에 일관(一貫)된 경제적(經濟的) 합리성(合理性)과 경쟁원리(競爭原理)의 관철(貫徹), 분업집단전체(分業集團全體)로서 고생산성(高生産性)과 환경적응성(環境適應性)을 실현하는 기업간(企業間) 연결조직(連結組織)의 특성(特性) 등은 일본적(日本的) 조건(條件)과 무관한 경제논리(經濟論理)로 설명될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.309-324
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• 1998

본 연구는 급속한 기술변화와 경쟁심화에 의해 생산체계의 분화가 촉진되고 있는 컴퓨터산업을 사례로 기업간 네트워크의 형성실상과 요인을 분석하였다. 네트워크는 거래원리와 기업간 관계의 측면에서 정의되었으며 하청과 협력네트워크로 구분하였다. 설문조사 결과에 의하면, 하청네트워크는 약 75%, 협력네트워크는 약 85%의 기업이 참여하고 있어 어떤 형태로든 상당수의 기업이 네트워크를 형성하고 있다. 협력네트워크는 물론 하청네트워크도 거래기업간 보완성과 전문성에 의해 지속적인 거래관계로 형성되고 있다. 이것은 기업간 네트워크가 다층화된 생산체계에서 외부기업의 자원을 이용하여 경쟁력을 강화하는 기업전략임을 의미한다. 따라서 기업간 네트워크는 세계화-지방화 시대의 경제공간구조의 변화를 살펴볼 수 있는 중요한 지표가 될 수 있다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.47-75
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• 2016

This study has analyzed the history of the subcontract animation in Korea that began with Golden Bat of TBC Animation Division in 1966 to 1980s and shed the light on the history of subcontract animation that has been processed over 30 years in Korean animation. For this purpose, through the outlined status of subcontract animation, such as, production company, production status, scale of industry and so forth, the status of the OEM industry then has been checked and it links the solidified background of animation into subcontract production industry with the situation in time for analysis. In addition, on the basis of the foregoing, it is intended to broaden the horizon of the history of animation through the analysis on new search for facilitating the creative animation by overcoming the issues and limits generated by the subcontract animation industry. 1970s was the time that the national objective is to advance heavy-chemical industry and export-led economic growth. From the late 1970s, the animation has been spot lighted as the main-stream export industry through the overseas subcontract orders for animation. Expansion of the subcontract animation production has been influenced from the national policies on public culture, dispersion of color TV, facilitation of video production market and other media changes of the time that led the decline of animation audiences in theaters, and another cause would be in lack of platform of broadcasting companies that avoided the independent animation production for its economic theory. The subcontract animation industry may have the positive evaluation in the aspect of expanding the animation environment, such as, structuring of animation infra, development of new human resources and etc. However, the technology-incentive 'production'-oriented advancement has created distorted structure in advancing the professional human resources due to the absence of 'pre-production' of planning and others as well as the insufficient perception on 'post production (post work)', and it was unable to formulate domestic market by re-investing the capital accumulated for OEM industry into the production of creative animation and it has been assessed as negative aspect. Animation is a cultural and spiritual product of a country. Therefore, the systematic support policy for the facilitation of the creative animation, such as, development of professional human resources, creation of outstanding work, formation of market to make the pre-circulation structure and so forth has to be sought. However, animation is an industry, but there is no perception that it is a cultural industry based on the creativeness, not hardware-oriented manufacturing business. Such a lack of recognition, there was no policies to make the market and facilitate the creative animation by the animation of Korea for this period through the long-term plan and investment for independent work production. Such an attempt is newly begun through diverse searches for protection and advancement of creative animation in Korea after 1990s.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.14 no.7 s.137
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• pp.20-25
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• 1994

해외 원전건설시장은 현재 전반적으로 침체국면에 있지만, 한중의 원전건설 기술수준은 계속 개발 발전단계에 있다. 한편으로 경쟁사간의 국제 정치적 역학관계가 민감하게 작용하고 있다. 따라서 초기단계에서는 기술도입선인 관련 있는 선진 외국 메이커와 하청 참여형태나 컨소시엄 형태로 기자재 공급에 참여하는 방안 등이 보다 현실적이다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-165
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to find out Korean electronic industries' production network in Hanoi Red River Delta, Vietnam and its change based on customer-following overseas expansion. In-depth interviews with Korean subcontractors were conducted to examine the characteristics of customer-following overseas expansion of Korean subcontractors. Korean subcontracting corporations in electronic industries have expanded into Vietnam as the suppliers to Korean transnational corporations. Since 1990s, Korean corporations have invested into Vietnam but since late 2000s its industrial and geographical concentration has been shifted from textile and clothing industries in Southern Vietnam to electronics in Northern Vietnam. The customer-following overseas expansion of the subcontractors has emerged in three aspects: physical proximity, asymmetrical inter-firm relations and organizational embeddedness. During the process of customer-following overseas expansion, Korean electronic industry production network was transplanted into Vietnam and partially modified. This is because the company's hierarchy and difficulties in changing its trading relationship have affected the process of advancing into overseas markets. Korean transnational corporations seek to establish a stable suppliers through expansion accompanying with its subcontractors, and providing financial and non-financial support to its subcontractors.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.243-267
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• 2011

This paper explores the impact of the external workers on employment performance in Korea, using Workplace Panel Survey (WPS). I find the use of external workers, e.g., temporary agency workers, in-subcontract workers, and contract workers, is mainly negatively related with employment performance. Especially the use of in-subcontract workers and contract workers is negatively related with the job creation rate of standard workers and the net growth rate of internal workers. The results show the existence of a substitute effect between the use of internal and external workers.