• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2001

이 논문은 샌드위치식 강-콘크리트 복합구조체에서 상하 강판과 격벽으로 구성되는 셀의 형상비가 거동과 성능에 미치는 영향을 다루었다. 이 구조체에서 셀 형상비는 하중전달 메카니즘과 하중분배능력을 변화시킨다. 따라서 셀 형상비에 따라 부재의 응력수준과 하중저항능력이 변화한다. 이 연구에서는 셀 형상비가 이 구조체의 거동과 성능에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해, 두 종류의 샌드위치식 복합구조체에 대해 다양한 셀 형상비를 설정하여 비선형 구조해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과로부터 셀 형상비에 따른 하중전달 메카니즘과 부채 응력에서의 차이점을 도출하였으며, 이들 차이점을 바탕으로 셀 형상비가 전단성능, 휨성능, 하중저항성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였고, 파괴모드와 연성에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 간략히 언급하였다. 연구결과, 셀 형상비가 증가함에 따라 하부 강판과 콘크리트의 응력수준이 낮아지는 결과를 나타내었다. 이것은 각 부재의 유효휨강성과 유효전단강성 증가를 나타내며, 따라서 구조체의 하중저항성능도 향상되는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 셀 형상비의 증가에 따른 성능향상에서 전단성능이 휨성능에 비해 더 큰 효과를 나타내며, 이러한 차이는 파괴모드와 연성에도 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 즉, 셀 형상비가 증가함에 따라 구조물의 거동 및 파괴모드는 점차적으로 전단에서 휨으로 변화하고, 이에 따라 구조물의 연성도 점차적으로 향상될 것으로 판단된다.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

콘크리트 압축강도 및 전단스팬비의 변화에 의한 고강도 철근콘크리트 춤이 큰 보의 전단거동 및 내력특성을 파악하기 위한 실험적 연구를 하였다. 춤이 큰 보는 하중작용점과 하중지지점을 연결하는 사균열의 확대에 의해 취성전단파괴양상을 나타내었으며 하중작용점 하중 지지점의 콘크리트 압괴를동반하는 전단압축 및 전단인장파괴 형태로 최종파괴되었다. 전단스팬비가 감소함에 따라 사균열전단응력 및 최대전단응력은 크게 증가하였으며, ACI 및 CIRIA규준식은 부재의 최대전단응력을 비교적 정확하게 예측하고 있음을 파악하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

An experimental study has been conducted by using the Cyclic Direct Simple Shear apparatus to evaluate the influence of average and cyclic shear stresses on the undrained shear failure behavior of marine silty sand considering various relative densities. The obtained results show that despite using different relative densities, similar trends were gained in the cyclic shear deformation. Moreover, the cyclic shear deformation is affected mainly by the average and cyclic shear stresses. The number of cyclic loads for failure is significantly affected by the cyclic shear stress ratio and relative density, and is less affected by the average shear stress ratio. The proposed three-dimensional stress-dependent failure contour can be used effectively to assess the soil shear strength considering various relative densities in the design of foundation used for offshore structures.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-19
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• 1991

Fracture of Al2O3 tubes for different loading path under combined tension/torsion was investigated. Macroscopic directions of crack propagation agreed well with the maximum principal stress criterion, independent of the loading path. However, fracture strength from the proportional loading test(τ/σ= constant) showed either strengthening or weakening compared to that from uniaxial tension, depending on the ratio τ/σ. The Weibull theory was capable to predict the strengthening of fracture strength in pure torsion, but not the weakening in the proportional loading condition. The strengthening or weakening of fracture strength in the proportional loading condition was explained by the effect of shear stresses in the plane of randomly oriented microdefects. Finally, a new empirical fracture criterion was proposed. This criterion is based on a mixed mode fracture criterion and experimental data for fracture of Al2O3 tubes under combined tension/torsion. The proposed fracture criterion agreed well with experimental data for both macroscopic directions of crack propagation and fracture strengths.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.65-82
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• 1993

A series of torsion shear tests were performed to study the drained stress -strain behavior of medium dense Santa Monica Beach sand under various stress paths. The torque was applied to both clockwise and counterclockwise directions at the end of hollow cylinder specimen. Two clip gages had been previously used to measure the changes in wall thickness and diameter of the specimen. In this study, however, the lateral strain was determined by measuring volume changes in specimen. Specimens were prepared by the air pluviation method and gaseous carbon deozide( CO2) was used to measure precisely volumetric strain in specimen. The drained stress -strain behavior of cohesionless Boils during rotation of principal stress directions was analysed based on the results of torsion shear tests. The coupling of mal stress were applied. It was also found from the test results that the atrial strain at failure decreased with increasing value.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.353-367
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• 2003

This paper describes the extension of the numerical model, which was developed to simulate the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to monotonic in plane shear and introduced in the companion paper, to simulate effectively the behavior of RE structures under cyclic loadings. While maintaining all the basic assumptions adopted in defining the constitutive relations of concrete under monotonic loadings, a hysteretic stress strain relation of concrete, which across the tension compression region, is defined. In addition, unlike previous simplified stress strain relations, curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress strain relation of steel considering the Bauschinger effect we used. The modifications of the stress strain relation of steel are also introduced to reflect pinching effect depending on the shear span ratio and an average stress distribution in a cracked RC element. Finally, correlation studies between analytical results and experimental studies are conducted to establish the validity of the proposed model.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.15-23
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• 2015

An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of average and cyclic shear stresses on the undrained failure behaviors of dense marine silty sand by using the Cyclic Direct Simple Shear apparatus. The results show that when the average shear stress ratio is zero, symmetric cyclic shear deformation is the major component of deformation, and permanent shear deformation is relatively small. On the other hand, when the average shear stress ratio is larger than zero, asymmetric permanent shear deformation is the major component, and cyclic shear deformation does not change much as the number of cyclic loads increases. The average shear stress ratio has less effects on the number of cyclic loads needed to fail, as compared with the cyclic shear stress ratio. The proposed stress-dependent failure contour can effectively be used to assess the cyclic shear strength of soil beneath the foundation for the design of offshore structures.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.115-128
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 반복하중이나 지진하중을 받는 지반-구조물 시스템의 설계에 필수적인 변수인 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비에 대한 연구를 국내에 존재하는 비점성토 지반에 대하여 수행하였다. 국내 퇴적토지반 및 풍화토지반에서 채취된 자연시료와 입도분포를 조정하여 제작한 시료를 포함하여 총 60개의 시료에 대하여 20kPa에서 500kPa의 구속응력 범위에서 공진주 시험을 수행하고, 이를 조립질 사질토, 실트 및 실트질 모래, 풍화토의 3개의 그룹으로 나누어 결과를 정리하였다. 저변형률 영역의 변형특성인 최대전단탄성계수와 최소감쇠비에 대하여 구속응력의 영향을 확인하였다. 최대전단탄성계수를 예측하는 경험식을 3개의 그룹별로 제안하였다. 최소감쇠비는 구속응력에 따른 분포영역을 제시하였다. 세립분이 적은 조립질 사질토의 경우, 비선형 변형특성이 구속응력의 영향을 뚜렷이 받고 있어 이를 주요한 변수로 고려하여 대표곡선과 분포영역을 제안하였다. 구속응력의 영향을 적게 받는 실트 및 실트질 모래와 풍화토는 구속응력에 관계없이 대표곡선과 분포영역을 제안하였다. 제안된 각 시료의 대표곡선과 기존의 Vucetic-Dobry와 Seed-Idriss가 제안한 곡선과 비교하였다. 본 논문의 연구결과는 국내지반의 비점성토 지반에 대한 지진해석이나 동하중을 받는 시스템의 해석시 유용하게 사용될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2014

Offshore wind turbine foundations are subjected to wind, current and wave loadings. Hence, both static and cyclic behaviors of foundation's soil are important for the design of offshore wind turbine foundation. Undrained cyclic behaviors of soils depend upon the number of loading cycles, vertical effective stress, cyclic shear strain, relative density, and the combination of cyclic and average shear stresses. In order to evaluate the effect of average and cyclic shear stresses on the undrained cyclic behavior of marine silty sand, cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests are performed with relative density of 85%, vertical effective stress of 200 and 300 kPa, and failure criteria of either 15% double amplitude cyclic shear strain (${\gamma}_{cyc}$) or permanent shear strain (${\gamma}_{p}$). The results are presented in the form of design graphs or contour diagrams. The undrained cyclic behavior of marine silty sand is found to be dependent on cyclic and average shear stresses and/or the combination of both shear stresses. It is found that when significant average shear stress exists the permanent or progressive shear strain is the govering failure criteria instead of cyclic shear strain.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

The behaviors of the reinforced concrete membrane elements are expected by Navier's three principles of the mechanics of materials. The adopted cyclic stress-strain curves of concrete consist of seven different unloading and loading stages in the compressive zone and six other stages in the tensile zone. The curves took into account the softening of concrete that was influenced by the tensile strain in the perpendicular direction of cracks. The stress-strain relationships for steel bar embedded in concrete subjected to reversed cyclic forces considered the tension stiffening effect and Baushinger effect. The predicted results of the analysis based on Navier's principles were in good agreement with the observed shear stress-strain relationships as well as transverse and longitudinal strains.