• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.1696-1704
• /
• 2008

The conventional hard disk has been the dominant database storage system for over 25 years. Recently, hybrid systems which incorporate the advantages of flash memory into the conventional hard disks are considered to be the next dominant storage systems. Their features are satisfying the requirements like enhanced data I/O, energy consumption and reduced boot time, and they are sufficient to hybrid storage systems as major database storages. However, we need to improve traditional index management schemes based on B-Tree due to the relatively slow characteristics of hard disk operations, as compared to flashmemory. In order to achieve this goal, we propose a new index management scheme called FNC-Tree. FNC-Tree-based index management enhanced search and update performance by caching data objects in unused free area of flash leaf nodes to reduce slow hard disk I/Os in index access processes. Based on the results of the performance evaluation, we conclude that our scheme outperforms the traditional index management schemes.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2015

The read performance of hybrid hard disk is better than the legacy hard disk and power consumption is also considerably low. As blocks with enough localities may be located in the non-volatile cache whose size is generally limited, an effective block replacement scheme is required. As this replacement is inevitably affected by various parameters, we define this issue as a kind of multiple criteria decision model. To solve this problem, this paper suggests a new block replacement algorithm based on the analytic hierarchy process. Through simulation for our model, we confirmed that the proposed model could be used as a replacement algorithm of the hybrid hard disk as it may improve boot time as well as response time of general applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.247-248
• /
• 2009

램 디스크는 주기억장치의 일부 영역을 스토리지로 이용하는 디스크 시스템이다. 램 디스크는 반도체 메모리에 데이터를 저장하고 접근하기 때문에 디스크 입출력 성능은 매우 높다. 그러나, 휘발성 메모리를 이용하는 램 디스크는 전원 공급이 중단되면 그 저장 내용이 소실되는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 리눅스 장치 구동기 수준에서 램 디스크 서비스와 동시에 하드 디스크 등의 비휘발성 저장 장치에 데이터를 저장, 서비스하는 하이브리드 디스크 시스템을 제안한다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.665-671
• /
• 2011

The Competitiveness of Hybrid hard disk drive(H-HDD) for solid state disk(SSD) comes from both lower power consumption and higher reading speed. This paper suggests a prefetching scheme that can improve the performance of Non-Volatile cache(NVCache) memory installed on the H-HDD through prefetching disk blocks as well as files to the NVCache. The proposed scheme makes the highly used data such as booting files copy to the NVCache as an unit of file and the frequently accessed blocks copy to the NVCache. This prefetching is done on the idle time of disk queue and the priorities of prefetched target blocks are based on both time and spatial locality of blocks. Experiments results show that the suggested method can improve response time of H-HDD and also lower the power consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2011

Recently, Solid state disk is mainly used because this device has lower power consumption as well as higher response time. But it features higher price and lower performance at delete and write operations compared with HDD. To compensate this defect, Hybrid hard disk with internal non-volatile flash memory was issued. This NVCache is used as a kind of cache for disk blocks. In this paper, an I/O scheme for H-HDD is proposed for improving low power consumption as well as response time. Our method is to use this NVCache as read cache mainly and write cache when write requests are concentrated. In read cache operation, disk blocks with higher priority determined on basis of time as well as spatial localities are prefetched, which can improve response time. The write operation is conducted only at write peak time as disk spindle up costs higher battery power as well as response time. Experiments results show that the suggested method can improve response time of H-HDD and lower the power consumption.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2012.11a
• /
• pp.288-289
• /
• 2012

최근 데이터 저장을 위한 고속 입출력에서 병목현상을 해결하기 위해 다양한 SSD(Solid State Drive) 관련 연구가 많이 수행되고 있다. 대표적인 것으로 비휘발성 메모리인 플래시와 차세대 반도체 메모리인 SCM(Storage Class Memory) SSD가 있고, 휘발성 메모리인 DRAM기반의 SSD가 있다. 플래시 또는 SCM 메모리기반 저장장치는 하드 디스크기반 저장장치에 비해 읽기 속도가 빠르며, 내구성이 강하다는 장점으로 새로운 저장장치 시스템의 저장매체로 부각되고 있으나, 단위 저장 공간 당 높은 가격으로 인해 저장장치 시스템에 적용하기 에는 많은 문제점이 있다. 최근에는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 고용량의 하드디스크와 SSD를 RAID 또는 단일 저장장치 매체로 구성하는 하이브리드 저장장치에 관한 연구와 제품이 출시되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 하이브리드 저장 매체 어레이를 저장장치 시스템으로 구성하기 위한 볼륨구성과 해당 서버에 볼륨 제공 서비스를 수행하기 위한 하이브리드 저장장치 시스템 설계 방법에 대해 설명한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.485-486
• /
• 2016

이 논문에서는 비휘발성 메모리 (NVRAM)과 DRAM을 결합하여 고속의 신뢰성 있는 하이브리드 블록 스토리지를 개발한다. 기존의 DRAM을 기반으로 하는 리눅스의 RAM 디스크는 고속의 입출력성능을 제공하지만, 시스템 고장이 발행할 경우 모든 데이터를 잃어버리게 된다. 일부에서 DRAM과 하드디스크를 결합하여 시스템 고장에도 안정적으로 데이터를 유지하기 위한 방법이 제안된바 있지만, 입출력 성능이 RAM 디스크에 비해 상당히 저하된다. 이 논문에서는 DRAM, NVRAM, 하드디스크를 결합하여 DRAM의 입출력 성능에 가까우면서 안정적으로 데이터를 저장할수 있는 블록 스토리지를 개발한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.789-793
• /
• 2010

Recently, flash memory-based non-volatile cache (NVC) is emerging as an effective solution to enhance both I/O performance and energy consumption of storage systems. To get significant performance and energy gains by NVC, it would be better to use multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memories since it can provide a large capacity of NVC with low cost. However, the number of available program/erase cycles of MLC flash memory is smaller than that of single-level-cell (SLC) flash memory limiting the lifespan of NVC. To overcome such a limitation, SLC/MLC combined flash memory is a promising solution for NVC. In this paper, we propose an effective management scheme for heterogeneous SLC and MLC regions of the combined flash memory.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
• /
• v.25 no.6 s.217
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2007

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

Recently heterogeneous storage system such as hybrid hard disk drive (H-HDD) combining flash memory and magnetic disk is launched, according as the read performance of NAND flash memory is enhanced as similar to that of hard disk drive (HDD) and the power consumption of NAND flash memory is reduced less than that of HDD. However, the read and write operations of NAND flash memory are slower than those of rotational disk. Besides, serious overheads are incurred on CPU and main memory in the case that intensive write requests to flash memory are repeatedly occurred. In this paper, we propose the Least Frequently Used-Hot scheme that replaces the data blocks whose reference frequency of read operation is low and update frequency of write operation is high, and the data flushing scheme that rearranges the data blocks into the multi-zone of the rotation disk. Experimental results show that the execution time of the proposed method is 38% faster than those of conventional LRU and LFU block replacement schemes in I/O performance aspect and the proposed method increases the life span of Non-Volatile Cache 40% higher than those of conventional LRU, LFU, FIFO block replacement schemes.