• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.5
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 2023

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy that originates from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Previous studies have frequently discussed the association among HT, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid lymphoma. However, there have been few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of concomitant HT and MTC. In the present case, a heterogeneous hypoechoic background parenchymal echogenicity, with intraglandular echogenic strands, and increased vascularity were observed. A concurrent, ill-defined, parallel-oriented, heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with central microcalcifications was located at the left thyroid gland, consistent with reported US findings of medullary thyroid carcinoma except for an ill-defined margin in our case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.241-248
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• 2014

The purpose of this study were to analyze the clinical correlation between the thyroid autoimmune antibodies (anti-TPO Ab, anti-TG Ab, and TSH) and the maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$) base on the Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the Graves' disease in diffusely $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake of the thyroid gland to the PET/CT image. To achieve this, we was performed the PET/CT examination for the 1,097 subjects from May 2010 to April 2013 in the health screening, and was detected the diffused FDG thyroid uptake, and was additionally performed the thyroid function test (TFT) and the ultrasound (US). As a results, the autoimmune thyroid disease with the diffused FDG thyroid uptake were discovered 39 patients (3.9%), of this, the Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 43.6% and the Graves' disease was 23.1%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was shown the positive reaction of high titer between the anti-TPO Ab and the anti-TG Ab level, and the correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the anti-TPO Ab was a statistically significant (r>04, p<0.05). Also, Graves' disease was shown the positive reaction of high titer most of the thyroid autoimmune antibodies, and the correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the anti-TPO Ab was a statistically significant (r>05, p<0.01). Therefor, when have a high standard of the $SUV_{max}$ due to the diffusely $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake of the thyroid gland, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease were proportionally increased the anti-TPO Ab and TSH level, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the thyroid autoimmune antibodies will be the most influential criterion that was a standard of judgment for the epihpenomenon of the autoimmune thyroid disease, and it will be available for the clinical application.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.172-175
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• 2018

Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) humanized monoclonal antibody inhibits PD-1 activity by binding to the PD-1 receptor on T-cells and blocking PD-1 ligands and induces immune tolerance of cancer cells. It has been widely used for various kinds of cancer treatment. However, many immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been reported because it modulates our immune system. In this case study, we reported a case of 42-year-old woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis who showed rapid aggravation of thyroid goiter and acute hyperventilation syndrome after treatment with PD-1 inhibitor as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 1996

In order to evaluate the significance of thyrotropin-binding inhibiting immunoglobulin (TBII) in the patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, the authors investigated 402 cases of Graves' disease and 230 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis comparing 30 cases of normal healthy adult at Kyung Pook University Hospital from February 1993 to August 1994. The TBII was tested by radioimmunoassay and assesed on the dynamic change with the disease course, thyroid functional parameters, and other thyroid autoantibodies : antithyroglobulin antibody (ATAb) and antimicrosomal antibody (AMAb) including thyroglobulin. The serum level of TBII was $40.82{\pm}21.651(mean{\pm}SD)%$ in hyperthyroid Graves' disease and $8.89{\pm}14.522%$ in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and both were significant different from normal control of which was $3.21{\pm}2.571%$. The frequency of abnormally increased TBII level was 92.2% in hyperthyroid Graves' disease, 46.7% in euthyroid Graves' disease or remission state of hyperthyroidism, and 23.9% in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The serum levels of increased TBII in Graves' disease were positively correlated with RAIU, serum T3, T4, and FT4, but negatively correlated with serum TSH(each P<0.001). The TBII in Graves' disease had significant positive correlation with serum thyroglobulin and AMAb, but no significant correlation with ATAb. In the Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the serum levels of TBII were positively correlated with RAIU, serum T3, TSH and AMAb, but not significantly correlated with serum T4, FT4, thyroglobulin and ATAb. Therefore serum level of TBII seemed to be a useful mean of assessing the degree of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease and correlated well with thyroidal stimulation. The serum level of TBII in Hashimoto's thyroiditis is meaningful for the degree of both functional abnormality reflecting either hyperfunction or hypofunction and the immune logic abnormality.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-160
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• 2007

Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland is a reletively rare and constitute up to 1-5% of all thyroid malignancies. It is known to be frequently associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The clinical presentation includes an enlarging neck mass, accompanied by dysphagia, hoarseness or tenderness, with its most common histologic type being the diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have experienced a case of thyroid lymphoma arising from Hasimoto's thyroiditis in a 57-year-old woman, who presented with an anterior neck mass. We present this case with a review of the literature.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2010

Primary thyroid lymphoma is a relatively rare thyroid tumor and usually a non-Hodgkin type. Its most common histologic type is the diffuse large B cell lymphoma followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT). It is known to be frequently associated with autoimmune thyroiditis such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We report three cases of thyroid lymphoma at a single institution with are view of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.5
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• pp.1250-1254
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• 2020

The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSPTC) is uncommon. Herein, we report a rare case of DSPTC in a 9-year-old girl who initially presented with a painless diffuse goiter. Thyroid peroxidase antibody testing yielded positive results, and the initial clinical diagnosis was Hashimoto's thyroiditis. However, thyroid ultrasonography revealed characteristic findings of DSPTC, which was confirmed through the postoperative histopathological diagnosis. Although thyroid cancers are rare in the pediatric population, DSPTC should be included in the differential diagnosis of goiter in these patients. Moreover, ultrasonography may prevent a diagnostic delay and facilitate the detection of a concomitant malignancy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2001

Sclerosing rnucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia(SMECE)는 1991년 Chan 등이 처음 보고한 이후로 현재까지 전세계적으로 단 17예 만이 보고된 매우 희귀한 갑상선 암종이다. 조직학적으로는 종양 내에 일부 점액성 세포와 증식된 상피성 세포들을 관찰할 수 있고, 조직내 호산구성 세포들이 자주 관찰된다. 대부분의 기질은 밀집된 섬유성 조직으로 구성되어 있으며, 하시모토 갑상선염이 동반되어 있는 것이 특장적이다. 종양의 악성도는 최초 보고인 Chan 등에 의하면 국소 재발 및 원격전이를 거의 하지 않는 예후가 좋은 암종으로 보고되었는데, 이후 여러 문헌에서 국소 침윤, 국소 재발, 원격 전이 및 사망이 발생하여 예후가 매우 불량했던 증례들을 보고한 바 있어 악성도에 대한 시각은 달라지고 있다. 본 저자들은 최근 병리적 진단이 매우 어려웠고, 국소침윤과 림프절 전이 소견을 보였으며, 수술 후 빠른 시일 내에 급속히 재발하였던 악성도가 매우 높은 sclerosing mucoepidermoid thyroid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-39
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• 2001

Although the etiology and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is unknown, increasing evidence supports a role for autoimmune mechanisms in motor neuron degeneration. The coexistence of immune disease in ALS supports that an altered immune system may contribute to disease pathogenesis. A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our department due to dysarthria and gait disturbance. On physical and neurologic examination, she showed thyroid enlargement, tongue atrophy, muscle weakness, fasciculation, and increased deep tendon reflex. The electrophysiological studies are compatible with motor neuron disease. Cytological findings of thyroid were compatible with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thus, we report a case of ALS combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. And the simultaneous presentation with ALS and Hashimoto's thyroiditis led us to consider whether this was simply a chance association or not.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.112-115
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• 2009

Purpose: The test had been applied for outpatient by end of 2006, however, it has been included in the medical examination since January 2007, as demand and interests have been gradually increasing in the thyroid gland disease and cancer. thus, we would necessarily evaluate usefulness of the test by comparing the number of patients who are diagnosed as "benignancy" by the medical test with the number of outpatient who attend and are diagnosed as autoimmune thyroid disease among the benign patient, in samsung medical center for a certain period. Materials and Methods: Based on the result for Anti-TPO Antibody test by RIA for the 12,937 patients in samsung medical center from October 2007 to March 2008, for six months, benignancy rate classified by sex and age is measured statistically and number of the patients who are diagnosed as autoimmune thyroid disease are kept tracked on. Results: According to the analysis of the Anti-TPO antibody test 1,135 of 12,937, which is 8.77% are benign and 218 treated patient of them, which is 19.2%, were diagnosed as autoimmune thyroid disease. Conclusions: Based on the statistics, usefulness of the test seem to have co relationship with derivation of autoimmune thyroid disease. this is 19.2% of probability relatively high. this figure, however, does not have strong relationship with specialty of the disease. Thus screening test seems to have somewhat effectiveness, considering other experiments and their margin.