• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.741-751
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• 2011

In this study, a methodology was devised to overcome that difficulty for thermal stratification modeling using EFDC. For the increase of reproductability for thermal stratification analysis, the effect of parameter such as distribution of solar radiation, depth of active bed temperature layer, heat transfer coefficients were analyzed. The simulation period was from June to December in 2005 and statistical index is used to analyze the model results. The results showed that distribution of solar radiation is zero and depth of active bed temperature layer is 10 m are suitable for simulation of thermal stratification in Yongdam Dam reservoir. This study results can be used for guideline to analyze the thermal stratification of large dam reservoir in Korea.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 1994

In this experimental research, the maximum scour depth at pier was studied. The model of the pier of San Gye bridge in the Bocheong stream was set for experimental pier scour studies. Several model verification processes were conducted through the roughness comparisons between model and prototype, pursuring scour depth variations with time depending upon channel bed variation, the comparison of the ratio between falling velocities and shear velocities in the model and prototype, and the comparison of pier scour between experimental data and field measuring data. The experiments were conducted in the free flow conditions and pressure flow conditions. The maximum scour depth at piers in the pressure flow conditions is twice as much as compared to the free flow conditions. Also, the maximum scour depth variations are indicated in the figures based on the Froude numbers, opening ratios, water depths and approaching angles in the free surface flow conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.318-318
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• 2023

수자원개발과 관리 측면에서 하천에서 흐르는 유량을 정확히 산정하는 것은 이수와 치수 두 측면에서 모두 매우 중요한 문제이다. 과거의 유량측정성과를 이용하여 수위-유량 관계 곡선식을 구하면, 현재 관측된 수위만으로도 유량을 간단히 산정할 수 있기 때문에 유량 산정에서 있어서, 수위-유량 관계 곡선식을 사용하는 것이 일반적이며, 따라서 수위-유량 관계식의 신뢰도에 의해 유량 산정의 정확성이 좌우되는 것이 사실이다. 과거 일반적인 단일 수위-유량 곡선의 적용으로는 유량추정에 높은 불확실성이 존재할 수 있음이 확인되어, 하천의 단면변화, 식생변화, 유사이동, 비정상류 등 영향인자를 파악하고 수위-유량 관계의 동적 변화를 추정하는 기술의 고도화가 다양하게 시도되고 있다. 기존 연구에서는 하천의 수위에 따른 단면 변화율 차이 등을 가정하고 수위구간을 구분 다른 수위-유량 관계식으로 추정하는 방안이 제안되거나, 부정류, 하상경사, 그리고 조도계수 변화에 따른 수위-유량 관계 변화 가정하고 특정 조건에 따라서 수위-유량 관계가 변화하는 특성이 연구되었다. 하지만, 검토한 바에 따르면 기존 연구에서는 대부분 수위 관측 지점에 한하여 단면 및 하상특성 등의 영향을 고려하였으며, 수km 떨어진 원거리 하류 범위에서의 하상 등 동적 변화로 인한 상류 지점의 수위-유량 관계의 영향에 대해서는 정량적 분석이 미진한 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 조건에 따른 복잡한 동적 수위-유량 관계를 분석하기 위한 기계학습 기반 데이터 분석기술의 활용 방안을 검토하고, 시범적으로 금강 세종보가 가동중이였던 2017년 관측된 보상류 5km 지점의 수위와 유량 데이터 분석에 적용하였다. 분석 결과 하류 5km 범위에서의 하상변화는 즉각적으로 상류의 수위-유량 관계를 변화시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 하류에서의 준설, 퇴적, 교량 및 보건설, 가동보 운영 등이 있을 경우 수km 떨어진 상류에서 수위-유량 관계는 크게 변화함을 예상할 수 있으며, 따라서 유량산정의 신뢰도 제고를 위해서는 본 연구에서 제안된 방안과 같이 동적 수위-유량 관계를 추정하는 기술이 점차 확대 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.105-111
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• 2008

To improve the stability of levee structure, it is required to use good quality fill materials, intensive management, appropriate hydraulic structure and construction of cut-off wall. In particular, the most important factor of levee construction technology is to use bed sediment for its safety. In this study, seepage model test and numerical analysis were performed based on a standard section of levee recommended in the river design standard of korea (2005). The results of test and analysis show that most of the bed soil is a sand (SP in USCS), which does not satisfy the permeability criteria for levee materials ($< k=10^{-3}cm/sec$), thus for the safety of levee it is required to adopt a stabilizing method such as good quality soil mixing, water content control.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.509-521
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out geochemical characteristics of stream sediments which are good indicator of geochemical hazard valuation and water in primary channels of the Jangheung area. We separated three groups which were granitoid area, granite gneiss area and tuffeous area by petrological properties. Physical and chemical characteristics of stream water such as temperature, pH, and EC were measured in the field between 1999 and 2001 and stream sediments samples were collected from April to May in 1999. For the chemical analysis of stream sediments samples, XRF, ICP-AES and NAA were used. The contents of the major elements had a similar contents in three groups and those of rare earth elements in granite gneiss area were lower value than those of other two groups. Zn and Cu were higher value than the other toxic elements. Through the enrichment factor and enrichment index features of the elements, we knew that $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, $TiO_2$, MnO and Eu, Yb of the tuffeous area samples and Co, Cr, Zn were enriched.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1305-1310
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• 2005

As a way to the optimum design of the collector well lateral in riverbed filtration, experiments were performed using sand tanks which were connected to form a model lateral system. Measured were the residual hydraulic heads along the laterals, the discharge rates at each sand tank and the production rates at the collector well while the model laterals were operated with various scenarios of changing parameters including water level of the collector well, the lateral diameter and length, and the hydraulic conductivity of the sand. Results showed that riverbed filtration could be more efficient when the resistance in the lateral was weak compared with the resistance in the sand, which was indicated by the more flattened distribution of the residual hydraulic heads along the lateral. Results also showed that the discharge rate increased exponentially with the approach to the collector well, and that the exponent increased as the lateral diameter decreased and/or the hydraulic conductivity of the sand increased. It was also seen that the well production increased with the increase in the lateral length and diameter although the marginal productivity decreased. It could be concluded that the axial flow velocity in the lateral was an important factor governing the efficiency of a lateral in riverbed filtration and that the maximum entrance velocity to the collector well, over which the efficiency decreased drastically, was about 1 m/sec under the conditions of this study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.555-561
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• 2020

In this study, the applicability of Hunt's analytical solution for a two-layered leaky aquifer system, which was developed to estimate stream depletion due to the groundwater pumping of the upper shallow aquifer, was evaluated. The 5-year averaged stream depletions were estimated using Hunt's analytical solution for various combinations of hydraulic characteristic values such as transmissivity, storage coefficient of the two aquifers, interlayer leakage coefficient, stream-well distance, hydraulic conductivity of the streambed, and stream width. Through comparison with the numerical solution accurately simulated with a MODFLOW groundwater flow model, the analytical solution derived by regarding the stream width as a point was evaluated. It was found that the error in the stream depletion calculated by the analytical solution can be reduced to less than 0.05 when the stream-well distance is greater than the stream width or when the stream depletion factor (SDF) is more than about 3,000 days. In addition, when the streambed hydraulic conductivity is less than 1 m/d, the hydraulic diffusion coefficient of the lower aquifer layer is less than 100 ㎡/d, the hydraulic diffusion coefficient ratio of the upper and lower aquifer layers is 5 or more, and the leakage coefficient between the layers is less than 0.0004 m/d, the overall analytical solutions were overestimated compared with the numerical solutions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.755-768
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of Manning's roughness coefficient according to change of discharge by using observed data obtained from a stable gravel-bed river and to investigate the applicability of the relevant existing empirical methods to it. Observed water level and discharge data are used as input data for the USGS computer program NCALC model for calculation of the roughness coefficient. Calculated values are compared with roughness values which are estimated with four widely used methods. The results show that though the empirical methods are able to give similar roughness values only for flood flow, they seem to have rather high uncertainty because of necessity of subjective judgement and differences of resultant values. Roughness coefficients for normal-low flow cannot be estimated from the existing empirical formulae. Especially, using the Manning equation for calculating them should be careful as this provides a wide range of estimated values in normal-low flow. The relations between the roughness coefficient and characteristic size of bed materials are different from them in flood flow even though they have a close relations.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.419-427
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• 2017

In mountainous rivers, the drag force acting on cobbles abundant in the riverbed surface is important in predicting behavior and response of the river. However there is little research for the drag coefficients of cobbles. This paper is to carry out the experiments for drag force of cobble and analyze the relation between the cobble shape and the drag coefficient. The effects of the shape factor on the drag coefficients $C_D$ when the long axis or the short axis of the cobbles are parallel to the direction of flow velocity were analyzed. The coefficient of drag force increased with the nominal diameter Reynolds number $R_{ep}$. The drag coefficients are greater in short axis than long axis. The coefficient of determination of the relation between $C_D$ and $R_{ep}$ is greater in long axis than short axis. This means that the drag forces acting on the irregularly-shaped cobbles depend on the axis. A change of the drag force distribution has brought about the alternative swing of cobbles. For $R_{ep}$ > 12,000, the amplitude of the swing has been increased sharply and especially was greater in short axis than long axis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.236-236
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• 2022

연속적인 하천의 유량을 추정하기 위해서는 관측된 수위값을 유량으로 변환하기 위해 일반적으로 수위-유량 관계 곡선을 사용하며 수위구간 별로 일대일 관계로 제시된다. 그러나 유량을 추정함에 있어서 수위 외에도 하상경사, 조도계수와 같은 지형인자, 시간에 따른 유량의 변화와 같은 흐름요소를 모두 고려하여야 정확한 유량을 산정할 수 있다. 즉, 평상시에는 적합한 수준의 유량을 추정할 수 있다고 하더라도 조석의 영향이 있는 구간이나 홍수와 같이 시간에 따른 수위와 유량이 급변하는 경우에는 관측값과 수위-유량관계곡선을 이용한 추정값의 차이가 상당히 증가하여 유량 추정값의 활용이 부적합할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수위-유량관계곡선식의 적용이 어려운 조건에서 보다 정확한 유량을 추정하기 위해 1차원 유동해석모델을 이용한 계산 값과 관측 값과의 비교를 통해 정확도를 검토하고, 지점에 따라 차이가 발생되는 원인을 정성적으로 분석하고자 한다. 대상지점은 강우, 식생 등의 영향으로 수위와 유량의 관계를 단일 관계로 표현하기 어려워 구간분리가 발생된 지점으로 선정하였다. 흐름해석은 기지의 기점수위 조건으로부터 시작하며, 모델링을 통해 유량과 조도계수를 동시에 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 모델 내에서도 수위와 유량 관계의 루프형 특성, 조도계수의 변화를 대체적으로 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났으며, 국내하천에서 유량추정의 정확도를 저하시키는 주된 원인에 대해 추정할 수 있었다. 향후 이 같은 방법을 통해 도출된 결과를 기반으로 수위-유량관계곡선의 불확실성을 평가하고, 유량 추정방식의 보완이 필요한 지점을 선별하는 기준에 대한 가이드라인을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.