• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.197-211
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• 2009

This study investigated the relations between mother's parenting self-efficacy, perceived social support, parenting behavior, and acculturative stress, and young children's problem behavior, focusing on the mediational role of mother's parenting self-efficacy and parenting behavior. Mothers were female international marriage immigrant from China, Philippines, and Vietnam. The participants were 374mothers of young children and teachers of the children in Busan and Gyungnam, Korea. Questionnaires were based on Choe and Chung (2001), Shin(1996), Lee (1996), Hong (1995), and Han(1996). Structural equation modeling indicated that mother's parenting self-efficacy and parenting behavior were significant mediators of the relation between mother's perceived social support and child's problem behavior. The results will be useful for parent training programs for female international marriage immigrant.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

This study investigated how the characteristics of female international marriage immigrants, their husbands, their children, and their families affected their parenting self-efficacy, using a sample of 187 female international marriage immigrants, from China, the Philippines, or Vietnam, now living in Pusan and Gyungnam, Korea. We used questionnaires were based on the studies by Choe & Chung (2001), Shin (1997), Lee (1996), and Lee & Song (1991), and with the addition of demographic characteristics. Analysis results showed that the mother's parenting self-efficacy subscales correlated positively with mother's educational level, social support, and Korean language level; husband's educational level; and family income, and negatively with mother's depression, husband's age, and mother's acculturative stress. Multiple regressions indicated that husband's support was the strongest predictor of female international marriage immigrants' parenting self-efficacy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5509-5517
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the health status and social support of international married women according to acculturative stress. Methods : Filipino marriage-migrant 110 women participated in the study, lived D city and C city from December 2009 to June 2010. Results: The average score of health status was 83.47. The average score of social support was 3.48. The average score of acculturative stress was 2.37. Health status were significantly associated with age, years living in Korea, way of marriage and Korean friends. Social support was associated with age, way of marriage and Korean friends. Acculturative stress were associated with age, years living in Korea and way of marriage. According to acculturative stress level, acculturative stress had a significant impact on health status and social support. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of health status, social support and acculturative stress of international married women. These findings are basis to development of health management intervention program for international married women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate parenting stress of international marriage immigrant women from Vietnam and the Philippines. Methods: The concept of parenting stress of international marriage immigrant women was analysed with a hybrid model. Data were collected from 273 international marriage immigrant women from Vietnam and the Philippines who were raising their children aged 1 to 6 years. These collected data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, multitrait/multi-item matrix assessment, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency measurement. Results: The final instrument consisted of 28 items. The following six factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis: 'insufficiency of parenting support system', 'role burden of mothers', 'maladjustment of children', 'confusion of parenting methods due to cultural differences', 'unskilled Korean communication', and 'ordinary difficulties'. Construct validity (factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity) and criterion-related validity were confirmed. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value of total items was .92(95% CI .91-.94). Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of values for these factors ranged from .76 to .85. Conclusion: The parenting stress scale for international marriage immigrant women is a valid and reliable tool.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 2012

The Purpose of research was conducted to study the effect on the behavior for oral cavity health management, use of dentistry, realities of the diet and state of oral cavity in order to increase awareness and management by women from multicultural families to ensure health of their oral cavity. Women of the Philippines nationality who migrated to Korea after tended to manifest higher frequency of getting treatment at dentistry compared to women of the other nationality. Women of the Japanese nationality who migrated to Korea tended to manifest high frequency of getting treatment at dentistry as well. It is necessary to analyze the difference in the adaption to the society and to the Korean culture in depth by each nation, income level, occupation to be considerate by alleviating financial burden on them.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-72
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• 2010

This study is to explain the nature of transnational activities being involved in by Filipina intermarriage migrants in Korea by examining the institutional backgrounds of market, society and the state. The increasing number of Filipina intermarriage with Korean coincides with the advance of liberal market economy, which governs internal and bilateral interactions between and among the three institutions in both countries. While existing various reasons for engaging in intermarriage, a significant number of Filipina wives in Korea ventured into it with uncertain expectations that they might earn better lives and could support their families. Such hopes usually turn out in vain when they meet the real lives in Korea. It is mainly because their spouses in Korea would rather be those who left behind in the marriage market due to their lack of competitiveness. Filipina wives are also suffering from social isolation caused by language and other barriers such as family relations or rural life they might settle in. Their transnational activities usually tend to be their effort to breakthrough their unexpected condition of difficult lives in Korea. They usually make use of transnational sort of community activities to cultivate chances to engage in bread earning activity. Migrant's transnational activity has a great impact on sociocultural changes in the country of origin and of arrival. Transnational activity provides migrants with economic opportunities, and uplifts self-esteem as well. Intermarriage couples, especially with Southeast Asian wives, and their offsprings show a tendency of downward assimilation to Korean society. Korean state policy toward them should not simply apply undiscriminated assimilation theory, but take into account their possible strength of transnational identity with which they could find a means to integrate themselves successfully into the mainstream Korean society.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.33-50
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• 2022

While the number of female entrepreneurs has been increasing, and female entrepreneurship has been increasingly perceived as a driving force of sustainable economic development, there is a lack of studies of female entrepreneurship, particularly in the non-Western regions. This study aims to explore current levels of entrepreneurial competences of female college students in four Asian countries (i.e., Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, and Vietnam), differences in the competences between countries, and factors affecting their entrepreneurial competences. Using online surveys, the present study collected data from 516 female Asian college students and examined their entrepreneurial competences in six dimensions-entrepreneurship, sensibility, business management, relationship management, strategic management, and multi-tasking. This study also investigated effects of four variables (i.e., entrepreneurship course taking experiences, on-campus entrepreneurship experiences, off-campus entrepreneurship experiences, and entrepreneurial intentions) on the six aspects of entrepreneurial competences. Data analysis reveals that female Asian college students as a whole group possess quite high levels of entrepreneurial competences while the Filipino students show the biggest competence in all the six dimensions measured. As regards affecting factors, this study finds that, in the total sample, regression equations are significant in all the six dimensions of entrepreneurial competences. On-campus experiences have significantly positive effects on those six dimensions while course taking experiences and entrepreneurial intentions positively affect three different dimensions each. However, out-of-campus experiences turn out to be negative though their effects are insignificant. Meanwhile, in individual samples, different factors affect different dimensions of entrepreneurial competences. Based on these findings, the present study suggests some actions for promoting female entrepreneurship and for conducting future studies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.613-620
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the current state and trends of health literacy research conducted on female marriage immigrant in South Korea over the past 10 years. A total of 107 related studies were searched through the web database, and 10 of them that met the inclusion criteria were finally analyzed. Most of the studies conducted in the healthcare fields such as nursing. Of the 9 studies were descriptive study, and there were no intervention studies. Most of studies involving women from main country of origin such as Vietnam, China, and the Philippines, and many studies conducted convenience sampling of less than 200 subjects from some regions for reasons such as accessibility. As a tool for measuring health literacy, KHLAT was most frequently used. For future research, collaborative research with healthcare fields and other fields through interdisciplinary interaction is necessary, and a circumstance in which field workers actively participate in research should be prepared. In addition, further studies including larger sample and community-based intervention improve health literacy are needed. Finally, efforts to improve the methodological consistency in the application of health literacy tools and to develop standardized instruments are required.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.435-456
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• 2012

This study attempted to understand awareness for the overall need of family counseling and aims at providing a direction of support for family counseling that is leveled at married immigrant women and their families. To achieve this, this study analyzed data from the 2010 National Multicultural Families Survey, which was conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Frequency, distribution, and hierarchical multipleregression analyses on demographic variables, Korean language skills, social support, satisfaction of family relations, and experience of family counseling were conducted in view that these were factors that affected awareness for family counseling, with a total of 58,072 immigrant women who came to Korea. The results of this study are as follows: First, Korean language skills, social support, satisfaction of family relations, the study revealed that subjects recognized the need for family counseling as moderate and their Korean language skills were also moderate. Social supporters did not exceed more than two people including from both Koreans and their country natives, and subjects were satisfied with the relationships to their spouse, children, and parents in-law. Second, there were differences in opinion between the nationalities of the married immigrant women regarding the need for family counseling. Third, the following is the result of the influence of the awareness of the need for family counseling based on the demographic variables of the existence or non-existence of Korean language ability, social support, satisfactory family relationships and previous experience of family counseling.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2011

This study conducted oral examinations and individual interviews on migrant multi-cultural family women in Daegu and measured their socio-demographic characters, oral health conditions and OHIP-14 in an aim to investigate the relevance between the oral health of migrant multi-cultural family women living in some big cities and their quality of life. Based on data finally collected from 189 women, the t-test, ANOVA and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted and the conclusions are as follows: The average number of decayed teeth was 2.23, loss teeth was 1.48, and treated teeth was 5.58. Women from the Philippines had more number of loss teeth than those from other countries, and women from China relatively had a small number of filled permanent teeth. The quality of life related to oral health was found to be poor in proportion to the number of loss teeth. A comparison of life quality related to oral health depending on loss teeth showed that life quality related to oral health was lowest in the areas of mental discomfort, physical ability decrease, mental ability decrease, social ability decrease and social disadvantage. Life quality related to oral health was found to be low in proportion to the number of permanent teeth with decay experience and poor monthly household income, which shows that the number of permanent teeth with decay experience and monthly income are mostly related to life quality related to oral health. As migrant multi-cultural family women's life quality related to oral health is low in proportion to the number of loss teeth and decayed teeth, it needs to develop a program to improve their oral healthrelated life quality and conduct follow-up research to verify its effect.