• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and nutrient dynamics in response to fertilization of four tree species (LT: Liriodendron tulipifera L.; PY: Prunus yedoensis Matsumura; QA: Quercus acutissima Ca rruth; a nd PT: Pinus thunbergii Parl.) planted in a fire-disturbed urban forest in Bongdaesan (Mt.), Ulsan Metropolitan Area, South Korea. The trees were planted in 2009, and compound fertilizers (N₆P₄K₁) were applied in April 2013 and March 2014. Tree growth, soil, and foliage nutrients were examined from March 2013 to October 2016. The regression coefficients for the increment of the diameter at breast height (DBH) significantly differed between the fertilized and unfertilized plots, suggesting the significant effects of fertilization. By contrast, fertilization did not affect the coefficients for height increments. Regarding soil nutrient contents, organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were lower in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots, whereas available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, and magnesium concentrations were higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots. In foliage, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots, whereas potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were not affected by fertilization. Nutrient concentration of foliage among the tree species were higher in LT and PY than in QA and PT. These results suggest that fertilizers may be used to enhance soil fertility and the growth and nutrient status of tree species planted in a fire-disturbed urban forest.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.44-58
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• 2006

This study of Shintoism is to inquire the relationships between social-political ideology and place of Shinto shrine(神社). In Korea, the Shinto shrine was a place of the center of Japanese colonial policy that symbolized the goal of Japanese Imperialism. This was one of the strategies of "Japan and Korea Are One". Before the China and Japan War in 1937, the number of shrines amounted to 51 sites, 12 of them were closely related to open ports, and the others were located at inland major cities. They also were associated with railroad transportation systems that tied coast and inland major cities. This spatial distribution of shrines was so called "Shrine Network" that was essential in tracing Japanese invasion into Korea. It was an imperial place where Japanese residence and colonial landscape were combined together to show the strength of Japanese Imperialism. Most of shrines were located at a hill with a view on the slope of a mountain and honored Goddess Amaterasu and the Meiji Emperor. I presume from these facts that Shinto Shrine was a supervisionary organization for strategic purpose. The Jeonju Shrine was located on a small hill, Dagasan(65m) where commanded a splendid view of Jeonju city and honored Goddess Amaterasu and the Meiji Emperor. It was a place which was adjacent to Japanese residence and colonial landscape. The Dagasan was changed as a symbolic site for Japanese Imperialism. But, after liberation in 1945, the social-political symbol of the hill was changed. By the strong will of civil, there was a monument to the loyal dead and the national poet, Yi Byeng-gi placed for national identity at the site of the demolished Jeonju Shrine. Dagasan as a place of national identity, shows the symbolic decolonization and the changing ideology. After all, this shows that political ideology is represented in a place with landscape.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

Remote sensing technology using a multi-spectral satellite imagery can be utilized for the analysis of urban heat island effect in large area. However, weather condition of Korea mostly has a lot of clouds and it makes periodical observation using time-series of satellite images difficult. For this reason, we proposed the analysis of urban heat island effect using time-series of Landsat TM images and ATC model. To analyze vegetation condition and urbanization, NDVI and NDBI were calculated from Landsat images. In addition, land surface temperature was calculated from thermal infrared images to estimate the parameters of ATC model. Furthermore, the parameters of ATC model were compared based on the land cover map created by Korean Ministry of Environment to analyze urban heat island effect relating to the pattern of land use and land cover. As a result of a correlation analysis between calculated spectral indices and parameters of ATC model, MAST had high correlation with NDVI and NDBI (-0.76 and 0.69, respectively) and YAST also had correlation with NDVI and NDBI (-0.53 and 0.42, respectively). By comparing the parameters of ATC model based on land cover map, urban area had higher MAST and YAST than agricultural land and grassland. In particular, residential areas, industrial areas, commercial areas and transportation facilities showed higher MAST than cultural facilities and public facilities. Moreover, residential areas, industrial areas and commercial areas had higher YAST than the other urban areas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.469-486
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• 2017

Economy-based urban redevelopment is the main priority in Malaysia, but has resulted in social problems such as gentrification, loss of heritage and identity, inequity, etc. Hence, it is crucial for the government to seek other alternatives rather than being solely reliant on urban redevelopment. Neighborhood renewal is a strategy involving the integration of redevelopment, rehabilitation, revitalization and preservation that aims to improve deprived areas using a more holistic approach. The aim of this paper is to review the neighborhood renewal policies in developed countries and to identify those elements that can be adopted in Malaysia. This study is conducted via a literature review. It was found that neighborhood renewal which integrates people-based, place-based and system-based policies highlights the importance of diversity, thereby aiming for resource optimization, community engagement and urban governance with the focal point of the fair, equity and systematic provision of resources. This paper concluded that neighborhood renewal in Malaysia should be initiated by locals with an emphasis on real local participation and a sustainable funding system. The government and local authorities should be observers rather than implementers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.80-96
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• 2023

The expansion of human activities and road development has led to the loss and fragmentation of ecological spaces, which is a negative factor for biodiversity. In particular, urban areas where land use and land cover have rapidly changed into urbanization zones are regions where ecological spaces are lost and isolated, making it difficult for wildlife to inhabit. Furthermore, the loss and fragmentation of ecological spaces due to urbanization can have a negative impact on ecosystem services. Therefore, to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban and national land, it is necessary to establish a practical ecological axis that reflects the current status of the city. Thus, this study analyzed the connectivity of ecological spaces and forest axis that can be used for spatial planning related to urban ecological axis of local governments in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do. The ecological connectivity was analyzed by dividing the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region into 31 local government units, distinguishing between forests and natural areas using land cover data. Subsequently, the study area was divided into 20,483 hexagonal grids of 1 square kilometer each, and the restoration effects for ecological fragmentation within 100 meters were spatially clustered to visualize priority restoration areas. The forest axis was derived by considering regional conditions such as land cover, building area, slope, and others to connect 1,534 forests of 100 hectares or more. The research results are expected to be used as fundamental data for spatial planning, goal setting, and the selection of restoration areas for improving ecological connectivity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.65-77
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• 2012

This study examined changes in land cover for the past 25 years in Busan and subsequently evaluated heat island potential by using land surface temperature and observation temperature data. The results were as below. The urban area of Busan increased by more than 2.5 times for the past 25 years from 1975 to 2000. It was believed that an increase in the pavement area of city within such a short period of time was an unprecedented phenomenon unique to our country. It could be assumed that urban heat island would be worsened through this process. After analyzing the land temperature according to the land cover, it was shown that there were noticeable changes in the temperature of urban & built-up and mountain & forest areas. In particular, the temperature rose to $36{\sim}39^{\circ}C$ in industrial areas during the summer, whereas it went down to $22{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ in the urban areas at whose center there were mountains. It was found that heat island potential according to the level of land cover had various values depending on the conditions of land cover. Among the areas of urbanization, the industrial area's heat island potential is 6 to $8^{\circ}C$, and the residential and commercial area's is $0{\sim}5^{\circ}C$, so it has been found that there is high possibility to induce urban heat islands. Meanwhile, in the forest or agricultural area or the waterside, the heat island potential is $-6{\sim}-3^{\circ}C$. With this study result, it is possible to evaluate the effects of temperature increase according to the urban land use, and it can be used as foundational data to improve urban thermal environment and plan eco-friendly urban development.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the indirect effects of forest using the forest healing factors such as landscape and hearing factors on mood improvement. The experiment was conducted for about 2 months from October 5, 2016 to November 30, 2016 targeting 30 healthy college students ($23.6{\pm}1.7$ years old). After making 3 factors(image factor, sound factor and image+sound factor) using scenery and sound of both forest and urban space, participants undergone the test in a room. And the effects of these 3 factors on the mood improvement were compared and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. Profile of Mood State test (POMS) and Semantic Differential method (SD) were used to measure mood improvement as a psychological test. As a result, indirect forest stimulation showed effects of suppressing tension, fatigue, anger, confusion, depression, and enhancement of vitality. No significant difference was observed in the comparison between forest stimuli. However, Compared with the urban stimuli, the stimulation of the forests has the effect of enhancing pleasant, natural feeling and calmness.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.599-614
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• 2016

Urban centers have been recognized as problem regions so far. However, urban centers of metropolises take a new aspect in recent years as much as the negative influence of gentrification becomes a social issue. This paper analyzes the declining trend of urban centers in six metropolises - Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju and Daejun from 1995 to 2010. As results of analysis, it is identified that the urban centers' shrinkage got moderated recently in the metropolises, even though their resurgence is not evident. Especially it is difficult to say longer that Jongro-Gu and Jung-Gu of Seoul are declining urban centers. Easing shrinkage is most outstanding in Jung-Gu, Daegu among local metropolises. Nevertheless, a serious obstacle such as high price of housing is in the process of obvious resurgence of urban center differently from the United States, Europe and Japan.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.182-196
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and performance of the High Line as an example of Industrial Heritage Regeneration, and to derive implications for setting the direction of urban regeneration. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, five measurement elements were derived from governance, physical performance, economic performance, social performance and cultural performance as an analytical framework for analyzing the characteristics and performance of the high line as a case of industrial heritage regeneration, and a total of 15 indicators were selected for each element. Second, the analysis of the characteristics and performance of the High Line regeneration shows that the High Line regeneration project has resulted in the establishment of effective governance, the physical improvement considering historicity and placeness, and the economic revitalization of the underdeveloped mid-western region of Manhattan, while the drive-out of natives due to gentrification.

• Journal of The Korean Society For Urban Railway
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2018

It is well recognized that residual stresses of the rails, generated from the manufacturing process including roller straightening and heat treatment, play an important role in determining fatigue and fracture properties of the rails. Thus, it has been a challenge to measure the residual stresses accurately. In this work, contour method was employed to evaluate the residual stresses existing in interior of the rails. The cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail was cut at a very slow rate using electric discharge machining (EDM), after which a laser-based flexural measuring instrument enabled us to precisely measure the flection of the cross section. The measured data were converted into the residual stresses using the commercial finite element package, ABAQUS, through a user-defined element (UEL) subroutine, and the residual stresses of the new rails (50N, KR60, UIC60) with three different specifications were compared.