• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

A study was performed to increase skin permeation of tocopheryl acetate, an oil-soluble component among tocopheryl acetate, salicylic acid, and niacinamide, which are the active ingredients of the anti-hair loss toner. As a method of transparently solubilizing tocopheryl acetate while containing salicyl acid and niacinamide, we used a swollen micelle structure that increased the size of the micelle formed by the aggregation of surfactants. The prepared swollen micelle solution contains three kinds of active ingredients, and poloxamer 407 and octyldodeceth-16 were used as surfactants to increase transparent properties and stability. In addition, isostearic acid was used as a co-surfactant to increase the size of micelles. To evaluate the physical properties of the prepared swollen micelles, turbidity at room temperature (25 ℃) was measured. The Franz diffusion cell method was used to evaluate the skin permeation rate of tocopheryl acetate among the hair-loss prevention components contained in swollen micelles. After 24 h, tocopheryl acetate showed a 6-fold improvement in skin permeation compared to the control group. Therefore, it can be seen that the swollen micelles developed in this study can be applied to hair-loss prevention products or solubilized formulations of various functional cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 2012

In this study, the cellular protective effect of isoquercitrin against $H_2O_2$ and rose bengal-indued HaCaT cell damage was investigated. The ethosome and elastic liposome for enhanced transdermal delivery were prepared. Particle size, loading efficiency and cumulative permeated amounts of them were evaluated. Isoquercitrin didn't show any characteristic cytotoxicity at 50 ${\mu}M$. When HaCaT cells were treated with 5 mM $H_2O_2$ and 25 ${\mu}M$ rose bengal, isoquercitrin protected the cells against the oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner (6.25 ~ 50 ${\mu}M$). The size of 0.03 % isoquercitrin loaded ethosome was 222.85 nm and the loading efficiency was 82.26 %. The ethosome loaded with 0.03 % isoquercitrin was stable and maintained the constant particle size for 2 weeks after being prepared. The ethosome exhibited more enhanced skin permeability than general liposome and ethanol solution. The optimal ratio of lipid to surfactant of 0.1 % isoquercitrin loaded elastic liposomes was observed to be 89 : 5 through evaluating particle size (341.2 nm), deformability index (59.89), loading efficiency (54.3 %), and skin permeability (54.4 %).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

In this study, water-dispersed biocellulose nanofibers (TC) were prepared via an oxidation reaction using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-N-oxy radical (TEMPO) as a catalyst. The TC retained their unique structure in water as well as in emulsion. TC adhered to the skin surface while maintaining nanofibrous structures, providing inherent functions of biocellulose, such as high tensile strength and high water-holding capacity. When gelatin gels as model skin were coated with TC, the hardness representing the elasticity was increased by 20% compared to untreated gelatin gel because TC could tightly hold the gelatin structure. When porcine skin was treated with TC and TC-contained O/W emulsion, the initial water contact angles of TC were lower than other materials, and dramatically decreased over time as water penetrated the fibrous structure of the TC film. Characterization of TC on the skin surface offered insight into the function of nanofibers on the skin, which is important for their applications with respect to fiber-cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.408-414
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• 2021

This study aimed to improve the production of bioactive materials with antioxidant activity using a fermented Luffa aegyripia extract and improve the anticancer effect by enhancing UV absorption and inhibiting melanoma cell growth. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the fermented extract were 30.23 mg GAE/g DM and 45.12%, respectively, which was 1.4 times higher than that of the hot-water extract (HWE). The fermented extract showed a UV adsorption rate of 53.9%, which was 1.5 times higher than HWE, and it was concluded that UV absorption was increased by TPC, which was increased through the fermentation of L. aegyptiaca extracts using Lactobacillus. In the anticancer effect test, fermented and HWE extracts had carcinogenic effects of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL, respectively. This suggests that the increased antioxidant activity due to the increase in TPC caused by fermentation contributed to the anticancer effect. The UV absorption rate of fermented extracts was 2.4 times higher than HWE, giving them potential use as cosmetics and pharmaceutical materials with high polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties and skin cancer prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.801-812
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• 2021

In order to delivery biotin to skin, ethosomes containing both biotin and ceramide were researched by using high pressure homogenizer. Biotin was utilized as a drug and ceramide NP was utilized as a supporter of bilayer. The biotin was entrapped in aqueous core, while ceramide NP was packed in the bilayer of the ethosomes. Looking at the physical properties of vesicles containing ceramide NP, the sized was 80~130 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.09~0.16, and the zeta potential was -40~-49 mV. In vesicles without ceramide NP, the size was 124.80±1.46 nm, and the zeta potential and polydispersity index were -45.48±1.27 mV and 0.088±0.018, respectively. Therefore, the ethosome with ceramide NP has improved physical properties of vesicles compared to the ethosome without ceramide NP. Skin absorption rates of ethosomes with ceramide NP were 6.13~14.98%, while skin absorption rate of ethosome without ceramide NP was 7.08% at 12 h. In conclusion, ethosomes containing ceramide NP not only improved the skin absorption efficiency, but had also a positive effect on the stability of vesicles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.375-379
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• 2016

A rat is the most common experimental animal used for the realization of the radiation injury model. The certain thickness of rat skin was prepared by peeling off a rat skin. Radiation level was measured by using this rat skin. Also, The schematic of the formula was made that can predict the radiation absorbed dose (RAD) as a function of the thickness of the rat skin. Consequently, we will provide the RAD information in the realization of in-vitro experimental model regarding the rat's skin thickness by applying the formulas. Moreover, the results from this study can be effectively used for the in-vitro experiment of the rat subcutaneous tissue which was exposed to radiation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2011

Since minerals are in ionic forms in aqueous phase (like deep sea water), it is very hard to incorporate concentrated minerals in gel like cosmetic formulations which are generally composed of carbomer or acrylates polymer. In this study, we invented a salt-resistant network formulation made of silicon copolyol. It was found that the network formulation traps minerals (especially from marine) in a mesh-like silicone copolyol structure. Since the mineral-containing formulation makes a very thin film on the skin, minerals could be easily absorbed into stratum corneum. In 6 weeks in vivo test, it was found that the novel mineral formulation increased the amounts of amino acids, major components of natural moisturizing factors (NMFs), as well as levels of minerals. It was also found that the moisture contents and the brightness of the skin increased.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.253-264
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution of absorbed doses of each important organs of head and neck region in panoramic radiography. Radiation dosimetry at internal anatomic sites and skin surfaces of phantom (RT-210 Humanoid Head & Neck Section/sup R/) was performed with lithium fluoride (TLD-100/sup R/) thermoluminescent dosimeters according to change of kilovoltage (65kVp, 75kVp and 85kVp) with 4 miliamperage and 20 second exposure time. The results obtained were as follows; Radiation absorbed doses of internal anatomic sites were presented the highest doses of 1.04 mGy, 1.065 mGy and 2.09 mGy in nasopharynx, relatively high doses of 0.525 mGy, 0.59 mGy and 1.108 mGy in deep lobe of parotid gland, 0.481 mGy, 0.68 mGy and 1.191 mGy in submandibular gland. But there were comparatively low doses of 0.172 mGy and 0.128 mGy in eyes and thyroid gland that absorbed dose was estimated at 85kVp. Radiation absorbed doses of skin surfaces were presented the highest doses of 1. 263 mGy, 1.538 mGy and 2.952 mGy in back side of first cervical vertebra and relatively high doses of 0.267 mGy, 0.401 mGy and 0.481 mGy in parotid gland. But there were comparatively low doses of 0.057 mGy, 0.068 mGy and 0.081 mGy in philtrum and 0.059 mGy in middle portion of chin that absorbed dose was estimated at 85kVp. According to increase of kilovoltage, the radiation absorbed doses were increased 1.1 times when kilovolt age changes from 65kVp to 75kVp and 1.9 times when kilovolt age changes from 75kVp to 85kVp at internal anatomic sites. According to increase of kilovoltage, the radiation absorbed doses were increased 1.3 times when kilovolt age changes from 65kVp to 75kVp and 1.6 times when kilovoltage changes from 75kVp to 85kVp at skin surfaces.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1999

Purpose: TLD experiments were set up to measure the dose distribution and to analyze the influence on dose measurement of thin metal plate and solid water phantom. The aim of the present study was to investigate the build-up effect of metal plate loaded on TLD chip and depth dose in the controlled environment of phantom measurements. Materials and Methods: Measurements were done by using LiF TLD-100 loaded by a thin metal plate with the same surface area (3.2$\times$3.2 $\textrm{mm}^2$) as TLD chip. TLD chips loaded with one metal plate from three different metal plate (Tin, Copper, Gold) of different thicknesses (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3 mm) were used respectively to measure radiation dose. Using the TLD loaded with one metal plate, surface dose and the depth dose at the build-up maximum region were investigated. Results: Using a metal plate on TLD chip increased the surface dose. Surface dose curve shows the dose build-up against equivalent thickness of metal to water. The values of TL reading obtained by using metal plate at depth of build-up maximum are about 8% to 13% lower than those obtained by normal TLD chip. Conclusion: The metal technique used for TLD dosimetry could provide clinicals information about the build-up of dose up to 4.2mm depth in addition to a depth dose distribution. The results of TLD with a metal plate measurements may help with decisions to boost or bolus certain areas of the skin.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2008

소합향원 (蘇合香元) 가감방(加減方) 정유향기의 진통효과가 투여방법에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지를 비교, 검토함으로서 본 약재의 새로운 적용방법을 탐색해 보고자 한다. 방법 : 가감소합향원에서 추출한 정유향기를 실험동물을 대상으로 7일간 경구 (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg), 흡입 (매일 3시간씩 1일 2회), 또는 피부도찰 (10mg) 방법으로 투여하여 페닐퀴논-유도 writhing test, 아세트산-유도 writhing test 및 hot-plate test를 실시하였다. 결과 : 가감소합향원 정유향기는 페닐퀴논-유도 writhing test에서는 피부도찰이 가장 효과적 이었으며 그 효과는 양성 대조약물인 아세트아미노펜 보다 약간 더 우수하였다 (p<0.05). 아세트산-유도 writhing test에서도 피부도찰법이 가장 좋은 효과를 나타내었으며 양성대조 약물인 아미노피린보다는 좀 더 좋은 효과를 보여주었다 (p<0.05). 그러나 hot-plate test에서는 경구투여가 가장 좋은 진통효과를 나타내었는데 고용량 (100mg/kg)에서는 양성 대조약물인 아세트아미노펜보다 유의적으로 더 효과적이었으나 저용량 (50mg/kg )에서는 이보다 다소 약하였다. 이상의 연구결과, 가감소합향원의 정유향기는 피부도찰시에는 비특이적 화학자극제인 페닐퀴논이나 아세트산에 의한 통증의 완화에 보다 효과적이며, 경구투여시에는 중추신경계에 영향을 미치는 hot plate에 의한 열자극성 통증에 더 유효함을 의미한다. 결론 : 가감소합향원의 정유향기액은 향기흡입보다는 피부흡수나 경구투여방법으로 진통의 목적으로 응용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.