• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

At present, there are few research papers on skin penetration of cosmeceutical ingredients. What is worse is that in vivo studies are hard to find. In this study, we measured skin epidermal penetration of cosmeceutical ingredients using in vivo Raman spectroscopy and compared with the results obtained from experiments using in vitro franz cell. Results showed that ascorbyl-2-glucoside, retinol, retinyl palmitate, and kojic acid were good for penetration ratio in measurement in vitro and retinol, vitamin C, and arbutin were good in measurement in vivo. Among them, retinol was best in skin penetration in vivo experiment using Raman spectroscopy and ascorbyl-2-glucoside was best in skin penetration in vitro experiment using Franz cell system. It is estimated that the differences were originated from the experimental procedures of two different methods; in vivo Raman experiment can be sensitive to the effect of epidermis and dermis as characteristics of matter by estimating the stratum corneum and in vitro measurement is evaluation of material to penetrate skin of hairless mouse. However, most penetration barrier is the stratum corneum, thus it is important to examine movement of material in the stratum corneum. We expect that these results provided useful information for many cosmetic related research.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.60-67
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• 2001

현재, 미용식품으로 판매되고 있는 대부분의 제품은 피부를 구성하는 콜라겐과 hyaluronic acid 등이 배합되어 있으며, 이러한 것들은 피부에 윤기를 주는 것을 목적으로 한다. 그러나 이들 성분은 고분자물질이기 때문에 섭취시 고분자물 그 자체로 피부로 이행될 것으로는 생각되지 않는다. 일반적으로 콜라겐이나 hyaluronic acid는 소화효소에 의해 저분자의 아미노산이나 펩타이드, 당질로 분해되고 흡수되어 각 장기나 피부조직에서 콜라겐이나 hyaluronic acid로 재생된다고 알려져 있다. 피부조직에서의 재생은 진피 내의 피부선유아세포에서 일어난다. 따라서, 피부섬유아세포의 작용을 활성화시키는 것이 아름다운 피부를 가지는데 중요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1738-1751
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• 2020

The skin is divided into three parts: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous fat, and the stratum corneum, which is located at the top of the epidermis, acts as a barrier that prevents drug delivery. Nanoemulsions are known to be effective in transdermal delivery of drugs through intercellular lipids because of their unique small particle size. In this study, phase inversion temperature (PIT) nanoemulsion containing α-bisabolol was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for effective skin absorption of α-bisabolol. As a preliminary experiment, the 25-2 fractional factorial design method and the 23 full factorial design method were performed. Box-Behnken design was performed based on the results of the factorial design method. The content of surfactant (6.3~12.6%), co-surfactant (5.2~7.8%) and α-bisabolol (0.5~5.0%) were used as factors, and the dependent variable was the particle size of the nanoemulsion. PIT nanoemulsion optimization was performed according to the RSM results, and as a result, the optimal nanoemulsion formulation conditions were predicted to be 10.4% surfactant content, 6.3% co-surfactant content, and 5.0% α-bisabolol content. As a result of the skin absorption test, the final skin absorption rate of the PIT nanoemulsion was 35.11±1.01%, and the final skin absorption rate of the general emulsion as a control was 28.25±1.69%, confirming that the skin absorption rate of the PIT nanoemulsion was better.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

The formidable barrier property of the stratum cornemum and the high hydrophilicity of active ingredient make it difficult to permeate through the skin and reach to its site of action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient, such as arbutin. The enhancing effects of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) on the permeation of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient were evaluated by using Franz diffusion cell. The study indicated that NMP has considerable influence on the skin permeability. NMP was not only the most effective enhancer but also increased the skin permeability of arbutin approximately 1.3~1.5 fold compared with control without penetration enhancer. The lag time did not change with NMP, which suggested no effect of NMP on skin lipid fluidity. This suggest that arbutin co-permeated with NMP. The results indicate NMP is effective enhancer of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient in penetration, with potential applications for drug delivery system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.5-14
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• 2001

각종 섬유소재 중 흡한 흡수성이 우수한 100％ 면과 폴리에스테르 섬유를 이용하여 본 과제의 목표에 부합되는 최적의 제직, 제편 조직을 설정, 생산하여 상품화하였으며, 그 내용은 아래와 같다. (1) 흡한, 속건성 직물개발 : 직물의 구성인자(실의 번수, 밀도, 중량, 두께)에 따른 흡수성, 속건성을 검토하여 용도별 직물의 설계조건을 제시하였다. (2) 고흡한, 속건성의 2층 구조 편성물 개발 : 편성물의 구조를 피부측은 흡수하기 쉽고, 외측은 수분을 외부로 발산하기 쉽도록 2층 구조의 편성물을 제조하였다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2017

Skin has a strong barrier function to protect the body from external harmful factors. This strong barrier function of the skin makes for any effective substance difficult to permeate through the skin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin permeability of the reduced particle size by non-invasive method. The particles were prepared by high-pressure emulsification. The niacinamide prepared in a high-pressure emulsification was absorbed 1.56 times higher than the control sample. In addition, it was found from the sixth layer of keratin that was removed by tape-stripping method. This was significantly deeper penetration. The whitening efficacy of the sample containing niacinamide was evaluated before and after 6 weeks of use. The skin color was significantly improved in both pigmented area and non-pigmented area. Through this study, it was possible to visually and quantitatively confirm the permeability confirm the permeability of the reduced particle sample into skin.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.853-865
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• 2019

In this study, the skin permeability was measured by adding skin penetrating peptides, arginine oligomers R4(tetra-D-arginine), R6(hexa-D-arginine) to little skin-permeable wrinkle improvement peptides GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes, and the results were analyzed by the following six cases. (1) In cases where only wrinkle improvement peptides GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK were contained liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 6.05%, 7.4%, and 8.83% respectively. (2) In cases where arginine oligomers R4, R6 were added to GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 13.63% and 7.68%. (3) In cases where R4, R6 were added to GHK-Cu liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 15.46% and 8.64%. (4) In cases where R4, R6 were added to Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 16.9% and 10.67%. (5) In cases where R4 were added to GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 13.63%, 15.46%, and 16.9% respectively. (6) In cases where R6 were added to GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 7.68%, 8.64%, and 10.67% respectively. This experiment showed that skin absorption of GHK was increased by copper ion (Cu2+) and palmitic acid and skin absorption of wrinkle improvement peptides was enhanced by cell penetrating peptides, and R4 showed higher effect than R6 in GHK, GHK-Cu and Pal-GHK. Through this process, we propose broad use and application in wrinkle improvement functional cosmetics by presenting the optimal conditions for increasing skin absorption of GHK, GHK-Cu, thus maximizing its efficacy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.62-62
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• 1992

1.이온토포레시스에 의한 ISP의 경피촙수증가는 단순투과의 약 13배로서 그 증가정도는 전류세기와 약물농도에 비례하였다. 2. 가해주는 $Na^{＋}$ 농도가 커질수록 ISP의 flux는 감소하였다. 3. ion-pairing agent률 가하면 ISP의 flux는 감소하는데, 그 감소정도는 TU>SAL>BEN 로서 이는 이 물질들이 ISP와 ion-pair를 형성하는 능력순서와 같았다. 4. ISP용액의 pH증가시 ISP의 flux는 대체적으로 증가하며 그 pattern은 피부의 pKa를 3.5로 가정할 때의 피부해리곡선과 유사하였다. ISP가 광범위한 pH에서 완벽하게 해리된다고 가정할 때 pH증가시 flux증가는 피부해리 증가에 따른 permselectivity 증가에 기인한 것으로 생각되었다.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.385
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• pp.9-13
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• 2020

삼염화인(Phosphorus trichloride)의 노출기준은 눈, 피부, 점막 그리고 호흡기계 기관지 자극의 가능성을 최소화하기 위해 TLV-TWA는 0.2ppm(1.1 mg/㎥), TLV-STEL은 0.5ppm(2.8 mg/㎥)으로 권고하였다. 삼염화인은 직접 피부 접촉 시 심각한 화상을 유발할 수 있으며 공기 중 농도 2ppm~27ppm 범위에서 작업자가 급성 노출되면 인두, 기침, 호흡 곤란 및 심한 천식 기관지염을 유발하는 것으로 보고되었다. 물 또는 습한 공기에서 삼염화인은 염산 및 인산으로 분해된다.(ACGIH의 인산 TLV 문서를 참조하는 것이 필요함). 피부흡수(Skin), 감작제(SEN)의 경고주석과 발암성을 표기하기에는 유용한 자료가 충분하지 않다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2013

In a previous study, we investigated the antioxidative and cellular protective effects of Parthenocissus tricuspidata stem extracts. In this study, we prepared nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extract to improve skin permeation. The particle size of the nano-emulsion using the microfluidizer was 302 nm. Its loading efficiency was over 86%. The size distribution of the nano-emulsion took a monodispersed form and the nano-emulsion was more stable than typical emulsion without using microfluidizer during a 2 week period. In vitro skin permeation study of nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extracts was carried out using Franz diffusion cell. The 1,3-butylene glycol used as a control group had 32.59% skin permeation efficiency. The skin permeation efficiency of the nano-emulsion was 42.47%. Also, we observed the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction on skin flora for prospective applications as a natural antimicrobial. The ethyl acetate fraction had antibacterial activities higher than methyl paraben on Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. These results indicate that nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extracts could possess valued applications in cosmetic formulations for improving skin permeation. Also, based on the antibacterial activities on skin flora, antioxidative and cellular protective effects shown in our previous study, we suggest that P. tricuspidata stem extracts could be used as functional cosmetic materials.