• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.679-684
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• 2017

Hydrated liquid crystalline vesicles incorporating a edge activator, which confers flexibility to the vesicle membranes, were prepared and niacinamide was encapsulated in them. The formation of liquid crystalline phases and their thermal phase transitions were investigated by polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Droplet sizes of the vesicles were reduced to several tens of nanometers by incorporating edge activators, such as sodium deoxycholate, lysolecithin, or polysorbate 80. The amount of niacinamide permeated into a pig skin increased greatly using the hydrated liquid crystalline vesicles compared to the case where niacinamide was applied in an aqueous solution state. The vesicles incorporating 10% sodium deoxycholate increased the amount of niacinamide permeated nearly four times. These results suggest that edge activators are effective in improving the skin permeability of vesicles.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.185-191
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• 2010

Short peptides are potentially effective materials as cosmeceuticals, but their delivery across the skin can be problematic due to the ionic nature of peptides and the structure of the skin. For short peptide to be utilized as cosmeceuticals, its ability to penetrate the skin must be altered. In this study, we conjugated the widely used procollagen type I signal peptide, KTTKS, with oleic acid to improve the lipophilic properties of the peptide, and used the oleic acid-conjugated peptides to construct cosmeceutical nanosomes. Then we examined the penetration of cosmeceutical nanosomes prepared from isotope-labeled peptide into the skin after transdermal application using autoradiography. Because of its hydrophilic property of penta-peptide, the penta-peptide itself was not able to be penetrated through the stratum corneum of the skin. In contrast, nanosomes made from olecic acid conjugated penta-peptide were able to be penetrated through the stratum corneum effectively. Autoradiography showed the precise penetration points to dermal layer, demonstrating the appropriateness of this method for clarifying the mechanism of penetration of transdermal delivery systems.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 1991

이온 영동법은 전기력의 도움으로 이온화된 물질의 신체조직내 침투를 증가시키는 술식으로서 전신적 부작용은 줄어드는 반면, 국소부위의 약물농도를 증가시킬 수 있다는 장점 때문에 효과적인 국소요법으로 인정받고 있다. 치의학 분야에서는 과민상아질의 치료를 위해 불소 이온영동법이 빈번히 이용되어져 왔으며, 국소마취제나 항바이러스 제재의 도포시에도이용되었다.또,이온 영동법에 의한 스테로이드 투여로 피부나 구강점막의 염증성 질환의 효과적 치료를 보고한 많은 문헌이 있으나, 이온영동법에 의한 스테로이드의 구강점막에의 침투량이나 분포에 관해서는 거의 소개된 바가 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 방사선 동위원소가 부착된 dexamethasone을 이온영동법을 이용하여 가토의 협점막에 침투시킨후 자기방사선 술식에 의해 그 침투량과 분포를 대조군과 비교 평가하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이온영동법은 단순 국소도포에 비해 dexamethasone과 0.1M 인산소다 완충용액의 혼합액(dexamethasone in 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer solution)의 가토 협점막 침투량을 증가시켰으며, 양극을 사용하였을 때 더 효과적이었다. 2. Dexamethasone과 0.1M 인산소다 완충용액의 혼합액 투여 4시가, 24시간후 까지도 양극 잉온영동법이 효과적이었으며 은입자의 감소는 투여 4시간부터 24시간 후 사이에 주로 일어났다. 3. 인산소다 완충용액의 첨가는 양극 및 음극에 의한 이온영동법 모두에 효과적이었으며, 양극에 가장 효과적이었고 단순도포군에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4. 이온영동법에 의한 스테로이드 투여는 피부뿐만 아니라구강점막 염증성 병소의 효과적 치료술식으로 여거질 수 있다. 시와 maximal clenching시 사이의 치아 접촉시간에서도 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.26 no.6 s.289
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• pp.28-30
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• 1993

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 2013

Glycol ethers are a group of solvents based on alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol commonly used in paints. These solvents typically have a higher boiling point, together with the favorable solvent properties of lower-molecular weight ethers and alcohols. The word "Glycol ethers" was registered as a United States trademark by Union Carbide Corp. Typically, glycol ethers are found in pharmaceuticals, sunscreens, cosmetics, inks, dyes and water based paints. On the other hand, glycol ethers are used in degreasers, cleaners, aerosol paints and adhesives. Most glycol ethers are relatively water soluble, biodegradable and only a few are considered toxic. Therefore, they are unlikely to pose an adverse risk to the environment. Recent study suggests that occupational exposure to glycol ethers is related to low motile sperm count in men, but the finding has been disputed by others. In this study, skin permeation of 3 types glycol ethers were studied in vitro using matrix such as solvent and detergent. The absorption of glycol ethers[methyl glycol ethers(MC), ethyl glycol ethers(EC) and butyl glycol ethers(BC)] has been measured in vitro through rat skin. Epidermal membranes were set up in Franz diffusion cells and their permeability to PBS measured to establish the integrity of the skin before the glycol ethers were applied to the epidermal surface. Absorption rates for each glycol ethers were determined and permeability assessment made to quantify any irreversible alterations in barrier function due to contact with the esters. Types of glycol ethers in vitro experimental results on MC> EC> BC quickly appeared in the following order: skin permeation was beneficial to the skin permeation small molecular weight, the difference in chemical structure, such as hydrophilic, because with the partition coefficient and solubility mechanisms and passive diffusion to increase the speed at which transmission is considered.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.507-528
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• 2011

Agricultural workers who mix/loads and spray pesticide in fields expose to pesticide through dermal and inhalation routes. In such situation, exposed amount should be measured quantitatively for reasonable risk assessment. Patch, gloves, socks and mask will be good materials for monitoring for dermal exposure while personal air monitor equipped with solid adsorbent and air pump will be a tool for inhalation exposure. For extrapolation of absorbed amount in dermal exposure matrices and of trapped amount in solid sorbent to total deraml or inhalation exposure, Korean standard body surface area and respiration rate were proposed in substitution of EPA data. Important exposure factors such as clothing and skin penetration ratio of dermal and inhalation exposure were suggested based on Spraying time for exposure monitoring must be long enough that the amount of pesticide to get absorbed/trapped in exposure matrices results in reasonable analytical value. In domestic case for the both of speed sprayer and power spray machine, spraying time of 20~40 minutes (0.1~0.2 ha) will be reasonable per single replicate before extrapolating to 4 hours a day with triplicates experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2018

A needle-free injector is one of the new non-invasive players in impregnating the biological barriers. It is considered as the next phase in drug delivery and therapeutic applications. One of the major fields of application is in skin remodeling procedures. Although many studies were carried out in understanding the principle in the needle-free injection procedure, fewer studies were done with the aim of therapeutic applications. In the present study, we tried to identify key parameters that affect the jet divergence and peak stagnation pressure on the skin surface in a conventional needle-free injector for skin treatment. A summary of the working principle and effect of the key parameters are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

Previously, we reported LVH peptiede derived from Aurelia aurita as cosmecetuticals with anti-winkle activity. In this study, we synthesized pal-LVH using palmitic acid to enhance skin permeability of LVH and examined the effects as cosmeceuticals of pal-LVH. To evaluate these effects, we performed cell toxicity, wound healing, and patch test for skin irritation with LVH and pal-LVH and compared these results for their effects. As a result. pal-LVH was not showed in cytotoxicity and allergenic effect like as LVH. Besides, pal-LVH had almost same excellent anti-ageing properties in high concentration and anti-winkle effect in low concentrationwas as LVH. These results suggested synthesis of palimitic acid and LVH did not affect any functions as cosmeceuticals with increasing skin permeability. Therefore, pal-LVH can be adaptable as new cosmecetuticals with anti-winkle and anti-ageing materials and applied in the development of medicine through various convergence study.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.685-699
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• 2019

Antioxidant, antibacterial, and skin penetration tests were conducted to investigate the skin absorption of Pyrus serotina var leaf extracts using polymer micelles and their applicability to cosmetic ingredients. Total polyphenol content was found to be $118.83{\pm}9.39mg/g$ in Pyrus serotina var leaf ethanol extract and $106.89{\pm}4.45mg/g$ in Pyrus serotina var leaf hydrothermal extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be the highest radical scavenging activity of $74.39{\pm}7.48%$ of the Pyrus serotina var leaf ethanol extract at the concentration of 500 mg/L. The SOD-like activity was $91.62{\pm}0.43%$, the highest value at the concentration of 1,000 mg/L in the hydrothermal extract. After the experiment, antioxidation, wrinkle improvement and whitening activity were confirmed, and the Pyrus serotina var leaf extract was highly likely to be realized as antioxidant and antibacterial material. In the skin penetration experiment with the Pyrus serotina var leaf ethanol extract, the permeation amount of total accumulated tannic acid was found to be Formulation 2 ($55.45{\mu}g/cm^2$), Formulation 1 ($46.43{\mu}g/cm^2$), Formulation 0 ($34.36{\mu}g/cm^2$). In the liposome's skin penetration experiment containing pear leaf hydrothemal extract, the total amount of accumulated tannic acid permeation was found to be Formulation 5 ($75.01{\mu}g/cm^2$), Formulation 4 ($64.01{\mu}g/cm^2$) and Formulation 3 ($36.60{\mu}g/cm^2$). Through this study, we confirmed the possibility of antioxidant and wrinkle effects of Pyrus serotina var leaf extract. In addition, as a result of skin penetration through the production of polymer micelles and liposome containing Pyrus serotina var leaf extract, It will be more usable in cosmetic industry.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 1993

Both SCC 12 and SCC 13 cell lines were derived from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin (Wu and Rheinwald, 1981). In the present study, we compared the inherent invasive activity in their raft cultures where most in vivo characteristics of epidermis can be reproduced by cell culture method. The raft culture of SCC 12 cell line produced many invading colonies within the collagen lattice and basal-like cells in the middle of differentiating cell layers, but no invasive activity was observed in the SCC 13 raft culture. We investigated which factors are implicated in inherent invasive activity of SCC 12 cell line by examining basal levels of type I collagenase, EGF receptor, fibronectin, and its receptor in two cell lines. Among them, only type I collagenase was significantly higher in invasive SCC 12 cells than in non-invasive SCC 13 cells. Furthermore, we tried to investigate mechanisms underlying between SCC 12 cell's inherent invasive activity and its high basal level of type I collagenase. As one of them, discrepancy in TGF alpha mediated responses between two cell lines was observed. In SCC 13 cells, TGF alpha initially stimulated type I collagenase at 12 h after TGF alpha treatment and then its down regulation was followed from 24 h even though TGF alpha was continuously present in the medium. However in SCC 12 cells, TGF alpha continuously stimulated type I collegenase up to 48 h. We propose that defect in EGF receptor's down-regulation may be involved in lack of type I collagenase's down-regulation and its possible connection to invasive activity of SCC 12 cell line.