• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1280-1283
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• 2008

The network performance of MOGs(Multiplayer Online Games) can be measured by the amount of network loads and the response times on user inputs. This paper introduces a frame locking algorithm and a game turn algorithm that have been used for game synchronization in the area of RTS(Real-time Strategy Simulation) Games, a kind of MOG; the results of performance evaluation of these two algorithms are also given. In addition, a server architecture for MOG servers in which replacing synchronization algorithms can be done easily for pursuing efficient performance evaluation, is also introduced.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.2 s.344
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• pp.56-65
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• 2006

In this paper, we introduce modified difference type symbol timing detection method of simple structure and show the relations between S/N ratio and timing detection performance which less influenced by multipath channel delay profile and added noise level and it show very exact GI detection performance characteristics. In the computer simulations, 4 symbol time duration of short and long training of IEEE802.11a standard OFDM frame are used for symbol synchronization timing detection. The computer simulation results show the very exact symbol timing detection performance characteristic within 1 sample error of OFDM signal regardless channel delay profile from minimn phase channels of phase rotation ${\pi}/2$ to non-minimum phase channels of phase rotation ${\pi}/2$ of received OFDM signal and added noise level in channel.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.8B
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• pp.809-818
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a fast cell search algorithm keeping compatible with the standard cell search algorithm of the WCDMA system. The proposed algorithm can acquire the synchronization of slot and frame times, and the code group identification using only one synchronization channel while the standard algorithm employs two synchronization channels called P-SCH and S-SCH. The proposed synchronization channel structure is the same as the P-SCH structure of the WCDMA system. However, the P-SCH is modulated with a specific polarization code, which is one element of new code group codes. The proposed algorithm can reduce both the BS' transmission power and the complexity of receiver as compared with the conventional one since only on synchronization channel is used. It is shown through the computer simulation that the proposed algorithm yields a significant improvement in terms of cell search time compared with the standard especially in low SNR environments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.4A
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• pp.429-438
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• 2004

In this paper, a decision-feedback coherent code tracking loop is designed for WCDMA systems and its performance is analyzed in terms of jitter variance considering the effect of phase and symbol estimation errors for both AWGN and fading environments. An analytical closed-form formula for jitter variance is Int derived for AWGN environments as a function of a pulse-shaping filter, timing offset, signal-to-interference ratio, and loop bandwidth while involving the phase estimation error and bit error rate, and the upper bound of jitter variance is derived for fading environments. Finally a second-order coherent code tracking loop is designed with the DPCH frame format #13 of the WCDHA forward link selected as a target system, and its performance is evaluated by the closed-form formula and compared with the simulation results for both AWGN and Rayleigh fading environments.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.166-173
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• 2024

This study explores lip-sync detection, focusing on the synchronization between lip movements and voices in videos. Typically, lip-sync detection techniques involve cropping the facial area of a given video, utilizing the lower half of the cropped box as input for the visual encoder to extract visual features. To enhance the emphasis on the articulatory region of lips for more accurate lip-sync detection, we propose utilizing a pre-trained visual attention-based encoder. The Visual Transformer Pooling (VTP) module is employed as the visual encoder, originally designed for the lip-reading task, predicting the script based solely on visual information without audio. Our experimental results demonstrate that, despite having fewer learning parameters, our proposed method outperforms the latest model, VocaList, on the LRS2 dataset, achieving a lip-sync detection accuracy of 94.5% based on five context frames. Moreover, our approach exhibits an approximately 8% superiority over VocaList in lip-sync detection accuracy, even on an untrained dataset, Acappella.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.64-75
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• 2008

The concept of a hyper-presentation, as an extension of a hypermedia, is the presentation in which time-varying multimedia presentations are dynamically linked together and a hyperlink's context can be changed over time at any time during a continuous presentation. While this concept provides users with a flexible and powerful presentation for their descriptions of the multimedia datum, inconsistency problems in the synchronized presentations occur by hyper links can be introduced. This paper introduces a method of describing the hyper-presentation using petri-net and propose a methods of checking It's inconsistent hyper link loop in the hyper-presentation description.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.357-368
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• 2016

In DAB+, HE-AAC v2 codec is applied for the fixed rate transmission of audio stream. In case that xHE-AAC codec including USAC, a more efficiency is expected when the variable frame is used in a given same bandwidth compared to the fixed frame transmission. For this to be realized, audio streams need to be multiplexed in a sub-channel before transmission, then a method is required to identify the border of each audio frames. In this paper, the toggled sync byte and additional identification field being sequentially placed between AU borders are proposed in order to deal with the AU border identification. In addition, the Reed-Solomon based error correction code which is compliant to DAB+ is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11b
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• pp.243-248
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• 1999

MPEG-4에서 오류강인성(Error Resilience)를 위한 한 방법으로 Resynchronization Markers(RM)을 사용한다. 한 프레임이 시작될 때 StartCode를 사용하여 동기를 맞추고 몇 개의MacroBlock을 encoding한 후 일정한 비트수(Threshold 값)가 지나면 재동기 마커 표시하여 재동기를 한다. 이렇게 하므로서 한 프레임 내에서 어떤 부분에 에러가 발생하더라도 그 에러가 속해있는 비디오패킷(재동기 마커와 재동기 마커사이의 Data)만을 버리거나 RVLC(ReversibleVariable Length Codes)를 사용하여 Data를 복원할 수 있다. 그러나 만약 재동기 마커에 에러가 발생하거나 에러의 전파로 인하여 재동기 마커를 인식 못한다면 두 개 이상의 패킷이 손실되거나RVLC를 사용한 데이터 복원을 할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 이를 막기위해 디코딩 전에 Prescan을 통해서 재동기 마커의 위치를 탐지하고 에러가 생긴 재동기 마커를 복원하는 방법을 제안하였다. 그리고 bitrate에 따른 MB(MacroBlock)의 크기와 비디오 패킷 크기(재동기 마커와 재동기 마커간의 거리)를 분석하여 재동기 마커를 찾는 루틴에 적용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.613-615
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 절삭, 크기변화, 회전, 프로젝션 등의 기하학적 공격에 매우 강인한 비디오 워터마킹 알고리즘을 소개한다. 동기정보를 파괴하는 기하학 공격은 원 비디오 데이터의 화질을 크게 손상하지 않으면서도 워터마크 정보를 극단적으로 제거할 수 있는 공격이며, 이에 대한 연구는 아직 미비하다. 한 프레임의 휘도성분의 평균값은 전역 혹은 지역적인 기하 공격에 강인하다는 것은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 그러므로 휘도성분의 평균값을 워터마크 정보에 따라 변화시키면 기하학 공격에 강인한 비디오 워터마킹 알고리즘을 만들 수 있다. 제안된 방법의 용량성과 비가시성 향상을 위해 간단하지만 매우 효율적인 시공간적 인간시각특성이 이용된다. 실험결과에 의하면 제안된 방법은 기하학공격과 압축 등의 공격이 동시에 일어나도 삽입된 워터마크 정보를 추출 할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.337-339
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 임베디드 시스템의 제어를 위해 동기화 언어인 에스테렐로 개발된 소프트웨어가 소프트웨어 요구사항을 만족하는지 확인하기 위한 Model-based Test(MBT) 프레임 워크를 제안한다. 제안된 프레임 워크를 기반으로 작성한 프로토 타입의 테스트 도구는 요구사항 모델을 창조하여 On-the-fly 방법을 통해 테스트 케이스를 랜덤하게 자동으로 생성하여 소프트웨어에 대하 테스트를 자동으로 수행한다. 간단한 case study로 레고 마인드스톰 로봇 제어 소프트웨어에 MBT를 수행하고 그 결과를 확인한다.