• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.33-46
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• 2012

This research aimed to analyze the way of how flying movement system and background graphic in MMORPG, which provides movement system, influences on users' psychological behavior in order to enhance user's participation and the completion level of 3D game. This research also analyzed the difference between the user's response to the flying movement and other movement structure in game such as things to board, summons, portal, chase, and etc. With this comparative analysis, this study could clarify the characteristics of the user's desire to fly according to the virtual world' topography in game, the necessity of flying movement for fast movement, the dependence of user on flying system, the immersion according to behavior in process of flying, and expression level of virtual world, and etc. The survey through the case research of MMORPG Aion selected for this research showed flying movement system can have suitable quality by applying users' playing time and absorption in flight process, users' impulse following game level, and users' need to fly as a convenience of flying properly.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.330-338
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• 1977

In order to elucidate the plastic deformation of solids, the following assumptions were made: (1) the plastic deformation of solids is classified into two main types, the one which is caused by dislocation movement and the other caused by grain boundary movement, each movement being restricted on a different shear surface, (2) the dislocation movement is expressed by a mechanical model of a parallel connection of various kinds of Maxwell dislocation flow units whereas the grain boundary movement is also expressed by a parallel connection of various kinds of Maxwell grain boundary flow units; the parallel connection in each type of movements indicates that all the flow units on each shear surface flow with the same shear rate, (3) the latter model for grain boundary movement is connected in series to the former for dislocation movement, this means physically that the applied stress distributes homogeneously in the flow system while the total strain rate distributes heterogeneously on the two types of shear planes (dislocation or grain boundary shear plane), (4) the movement of dislocation flow units and grain boundary units becomes possible when the atoms or molecules near the obstacles, which hinder the movement of flow units, diffuse away from the obstacles.Using the above assumptions in conjunction with the theory of rate processes, generalized equations of shear stress and shear rate for plastic deformation were derived. In this paper, four cases important in practice were considered.ted N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bond and the second of two normal N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bonds, both of which exist between the amino group and the perchlorate, groups. A p-phenylenediamine group is approximately planar within an experimental error and bonded to twelve perchlorates: ten perchlorates forming hydrogen bonds and two being contacted with the van der Waals forces. A perchlorate group is surrounded by six p-phenylenediamines and four perchlorates; among the six p-phenylenediamines, five of them are hydrogen-bonded, and the rest contacted with the van der Waals force.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2017

The vehicle lubricant occupies upto 35% in a total lubricant market and engine oil occupies upto 77% in the vehicle lubricant market in Korea. A suitable quality management of the circulating engine oil is necessary for driver and engine protection. But, KS and synthetic engine oil products (involved over 30% synthetic oil) are exempt to any quality management under Petroleum and Alternative Fuel Business Act. It is also known that synthetic oils such as PAO (poly alpha olefin) have excellent properties and performance like anti-wear, varnish control and oxidation stability than those of mineral oils. For this reason, PAO has been used for an engine oil, rotary screw and reciprocating compressor in addition to heavy duty and other extreme service applications. In this study, our research group analyzed the chromatogram pattern for the mineral oil, PAO and mineral oil involved a typical ratio of PAO using SIMDIST (simulated distillation). In the SIMDIST chromatogram, the mineral oil showed a broad peak, while PAO showed a sharp typical peak. Also the oil with a large viscosity grade exhibited a long retention time due to the heavy molecular weight and high boiling point. In particular, the blended mineral oil with 20% PAO sample showed a distinctly different pattern compared to that of using the conventional mineral oil. For monitoring PAO contents in distributing engine oils, we analyzed the SIMDIST for 27 kinds of engine oils which were popularly sold in Korea. The analytic results indicate that all kinds of engine oils showed that PAO contents were below 20% in engine oil products. Moreover, the PAO titled product was found to have a small amount of PAO. Thus, we conclude that the related laws for the proper quality management of synthetic oils are needed to be established.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 2019

Plant regeneration protocols for adventitious shoot organogenesis from apple (Malus domestica 'Fuji') leaf explants were developed in the present study. The effects of different basal media, types and concentrations of carbon sources, and concentrations of plant growth regulators were evaluated to determine the optimal shoot regeneration conditions for 'Fuji' apple leaf explants. On different treatments involving combinations of basal media, LS and N6 media, and different types and concentrations of cytokinins, 6-benzyl-adenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), shoot regeneration rates were the highest in the N6 medium combined with BA. Among the plant growth regulator and carbon source combination treatments, 5.0 mg/L BA, and 0.1 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with 40 g/L sorbitol was the optimal combination for shoot regeneration. In addition, the optimal sorbitol concentrations for shoot regeneration were 40 g/L and 60 g/L. The highest regeneration (81.8%) was achieved using 40 g/L sorbitol. The regenerated shoots elongated and rooted on rooting medium, consisting of 1/4 MS medium with 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plantlets were acclimatized and the regenerated plants exhibited normal phenotypes.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 1996

An integrated model is presented to describe underground flow and mass transport, using a multicomponent multiphase approach. The comprehensive governing equation is derived considering mass and force balances of chemical species over four phases(water, oil, air, and soil) in a schematic elementary volume. Compact and systemati notations of relevant variables and equations are introduced to facilitate the inclusion of complex migration and transformation processes, and variable spatial dimensions. The resulting nonlinear system is solved by a multidimensional finite element code. The developed code with dynamic array allocation, is sufficiently flexible to work across a wide spectrum of computers, including an IBM ES 9000/900 vector facility, SP2 cluster machine, Unix workstations and PCs, for one-, two and three-dimensional problems. To reduce the computation time and storage requirements, the system equations are decoupled and solved using a banded global matrix solver, with the vector and parallel processing on the IBM 9000. To avoide the numerical oscillations of the nonlinear problems in the case of convective dominant transport, the techniques of upstream weighting, mass lumping, and elementary-wise parameter evaluation are applied. The instability and convergence criteria of the nonlinear problems are studied for the one-dimensional analogue of FEM and FDM. Modeling capacity is presented in the simulation of three dimensional composite multiphase TCE migration. Comprehesive simulation feature of the code is presented in a companion paper of this issue for the specific groundwater or flow and contamination problems.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.185-190
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• 2006

휴대폰 산업의 발전과 더불어 발전해온 휴대폰 서비스는 최근 단순한 정보 제공을 넘어 생활에 중요한 도구로 활용되는 모습을 보인다. 최근 등장하는 휴대폰 서비스는 종류가 다양하고 최신 휴대폰과 결합되어 복잡해져 사용자로 하여금 필요한 서비스를 선택하여 조작하는 것까지 전반적인 사용 과정의 어려움을 가져왔다. 더군다나 휴대폰 서비스는 무형의 상품이기 때문에 직접 조작해보지 못하고 사용해야 하며, 이것은 사람들로 하여금 불안감을 갖도록 한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 휴대폰 서비스에 대한 불안감을 줄이고 사용을 확장시키는 방법으로 서비스를 직접 만지고 조작해볼 수 있는 사전 체험을 제안하며, 이를 위한 도구로 웹사이트를 활용하는 방안을 제안한다. 웹사이트는 상호작용적인 매체로써 자연스럽게 사용자가 참여하고 개입하도록 유도하는 매체이며, 다양한 시각적, 청각적 미디어를 활용할 수 있어 감각적 체험을 제공하는데 유리하다. 또한 다른 매체와 비교해 웹사이트는 공간적, 시간적 제약이 적어 많은 사람들이 원하는 시간에 접근하도록 한다. 또한 이성과 감성적인 정보를 통합적으로 처리하는 인간의 특성을 고려해 볼 때, 정보와 재미를 함께 제공할 수 있는 웹사이트의 특성은 효과적이라 볼 수 있다. 마케팅 측면에서 보더라도 저렴한 비용으로 많은 사람들에게 정보를 전달할 수 있고, 사용자들의 행동을 측정해 데이터베이스화 한 후 후에 활용할 수 있다. 이러한 점들을 통합해보면 웹사이트는 휴대폰 서비스를 체험해보도록 하는 공간으로 적합하다고 볼 수 있다. 웹사이트에서 가상 체험을 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서 사용자들의 체험 과정에 어떠한 요인이 영향을 미치는지 알 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 현재 휴대폰 서비스 체험 사이트들의 체험 제공 방식을 분석해 유형을 나눈 후에 사용자 조사를 통해 사용자들에게 선호되는 방식과 체험 과정에 영향을 미친 요인을 고찰한다. 그리고 최종적으로 이러한 요인이 실제 휴대폰 서비스에 대한 호감과 어떤 관계를 갖는지 알아본다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 최근 가장 높은 이용률을 보이고 있는 20,30대 휴대폰 서비스 사용자 100명을 대상으로 2005년 10월 20일~30일에 설문조사와 간단한 인터뷰를 실시하여 선호 유형과 체험에 영향을 미치는 요인을 도출하였으며, 서비스 호감과의 관계를 알기 위해 이 중 가장 관여도가 높았던 17명을 대상으로 2005년 11월 10일~15일에 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 사용자 조사 결과, 분류된 유형 중 체험방식에서는 개입의 정도가 클수록, 사용상황 안내방식에서는 가상공간과 메뉴로 제공하는 방식을, 사용방법 안내형식에서는 휴대폰 전체 이미지를, 마지막으로 표현형식에서는 일러스트레이션과 영상을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 체험에 영향을 미치는 요인은 체험적 측면,정보제공 측면,웹사이트의 측면으로 구분되었으며 휴대폰 서비스의 호감과의 관계에서는 체험적 측면과 정보제공 측면은 서비스에 대한 호감과 깊은 관계를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타난 반면에 웹사이트의 측면은 서비스와 직접적인 관련을 짓지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.167-190
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of problem solving with task-based activities on understanding of major concepts and learning attitude in 'Applications of ICT' subject. In teaching the 4th class of 'Applications of ICT' subject, problem solving with reasoning task-based activities are used for the experimental groups and instructor-oriented teaching for the comparative groups. The results are as follows: First, no meaningful difference was found in the pretest result of concepts of ICT, while posttest found that the students with problem solving with reasoning task-based activities in experimental group marked average 5.87 point higher than the control group and showed meaningful difference at significance level p<.05. Dividing concepts about Information Communication Technology into four domains, there were no meaningful difference between two groups in the concept test about communication principles and methods and network, while the test results about the other two concepts, that is, expressions and patterns of information and compositions and types of communication network, showed the meaningful difference at significance level p<.05. Second, the research proved that the experimental group with problem solving with reasoning task-based activity teaching, compared to the control group with lecture, showed desirable change in learning attitude. From the results, the solving with reasoning task-based activity model is better teaching-learning method compared to lecture, revealing positive change in understanding major concepts of information and communication technology and learning attitude.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

This Paper is concerned with the impact of linguistic markers of coherence, such as causal connectives. repetitions. and anchoring devices. on the comprehension of a scientific text in Korean. A scientific text on the process of lightning formation was selected. and two versions of the text were constructed by varying the strength of coherence. Eighty-two undergraduate students took Part in the experiment in which they were instructed to fill in the blanks in each text in a recall and a recognition task and to respond to a set of question in a comprehension test. The results of this experiment revealed a selective effect of the cohesive markers. It was found that the different linguistic signals seem to Play a facilitating role in varying degrees in accordance with the type of tasks involved Moreover an analysis of topic continuity from the beginning paragraphs through the last revealed that the text was better understood in the paragraphs containing the main topic better than those without it. This finding seems to indicate that the off-line processing of scientific text is not influenced solely by the local bottom-up processing alone The effect of topic continuity seems to suggest that a global. top-down processing effect has an important role to play. overriding the impact of cohesive devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.524-527
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• 2008

Recently, digital and the Internet are widespread out of the world, and multimedia processing technology and the development of information and communication technology in education using the Internet as the demand is rapidly increasing. Also, we tan easily use informations with less restrictions of time and space. however, several kinds of audio, media to integrate multimedia data, such as the proliferation of demands for representation. Therefore, in 1998, W3C presented an international standard, SMIL in order to solve multimedia object representation and synchronization problems. By using SMIL, various multimedia elements can be integrated as a multimedia document with proper view in a spate and time. Using this SMIL document, we can create new internet radio broadcasting service that delivers not noly audio data but also various text, image and video. In this paper, with the system, teachers can easily create multimedia courseware and living broadcast their torture on network, students can receive audio-video information of the teacher, screen displays of the teachers computer. Moreover students can communicate with teacher simultaneously by text editor windows. Students can also order courseware after class.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

In a homothallic ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans, sexual development is inhibited by various environmental stresses such as acetate medium, visible light and high osmolarity conditions. In order to study the genes involved in this stress-related regulatory network, we first attempted to isolate mutants that could develop cleistothecia even in the presence of any of those stresses including intensive visible light. More than 10,000 mutants were screened and 167 mutants were analyzed. Among them, 152 mutants underwent sexual development under the single stress condition of either high osmotic, high acetate or light condition but no sexual development in more than two stresses. Six mutants can produce cleistothecia under light or acetate stress but not in salt stress. Moreover, 6 mutants showed the ability to develop cleistothecia under the light but not under the acetate or osmo-stress. The mutants were revealed to have independent single gene mutation and grouped into different complementation groups (silA-F). The mutant alleles were all recessive to that of wild type. The light responsiveness of development implies the existence of delicate regulation process including reception and translocation of light signaling and determination of development.