• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2007

Data mining extracts interesting knowledge from a large database. Among numerous data mining techniques, research work is primarily concentrated on clustering and association rules. The clustering technique of the active research topics mainly deals with analyzing spatial and attribute data. And, the technique of association rules deals with identifying frequent patterns. There was an advanced apriori algorithm using an existing bit-clustering algorithm. In an effort to identify an alternative algorithm to improve apriori, we investigated FP-Growth and discussed the possibility of adopting bit-clustering as the alternative method to solve the problems with FP-Growth. FP-Growth using bit-clustering demonstrated better performance than the existing method. We used chess data in our experiments. Chess data were used in the pattern mining evaluation. We made a creation of FP-Tree with different minimum support values. In the case of high minimum support values, similar results that the existing techniques demonstrated were obtained. In other cases, however, the performance of the technique proposed in this paper showed better results in comparison with the existing technique. As a result, the technique proposed in this paper was considered to lead to higher performance. In addition, the method to apply bit-clustering to GML data was proposed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1992

In order to observe the antigenic localization in the tissues of Paragonimus westermani of deve- lopmental stages, immunogoldlabeling method was applied using serum of the cats which were infected with isolated metacercariae from Cambaroides similis. The sectioned worm tissues from orch developmental stage were embedded in Lowicryl HM20 medium, stained with infected semi IgG and protein A gold complex(particle size: 12 nm) and observed by electron microscopy. In the young adult worm tissue of 4 weeks after infection with metacercariae, the gold particles were specifically concentrated on the tegumental syncytium and cytoplasm of the tegumental cells as well as the secretory granules in the parenchymal tissue. The antigenic materials in the adult worm tissue were specifically concentrated on the secretory granules in the parenchymal tissue, the cytoplasm between granules in the vitelline gland and the epithelial lamella in the lumen of the caecum.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2003

One new species of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from Korea, Poruchordodes megareolatus, is described. The specimen is reported from the human urinary system. The significance of this and other reports from the urinary system is discussed. The characteristics of the new species are clusters of a small type of cuticular structures, the areoles, which are associated with a second type of areoles, the large megareoles. Another character unique for the genus Parachordodes is the fusion of rows of cuticular bristles on the ventral side anterior of the cloacal opening.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.9 no.2 s.46
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• pp.29-33
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• 1970

이 책자는 기본간호의 구성요소를 분석한 것이며 이것은 간호원의 독특한 기능에 관한 다음과 같은 정의에서부터 나온 것이다. 즉 간호는 각개인이 병에 걸려 있거나 혹은 건강할때, 건강이나 질병으로부터의 회복(혹은 평화스러운 죽엄으로)에 도움이 되는 모든 활동을 수행함에 있어서 그를 돕는 일이며 이러한 일들은 만일 그가 필요한 힘, 의지 또는 지식을 가지고 있었다면 다른 사람의 도움없이도 할 수 있었을 것이다. 또한 각 개인이 가능한 한 속히 독립성을 회복하도록 돕는 일도 간호원의 기능인 것이다. 다시 말하면 간호원은 각개인이 다음과 같은 활동을 할 수 있도록 돕는것이다. (1) 정상적으로 호흡한다; (2) 적절하게 먹고 마신다; (3) 모든 배설통로를 통하여 배설한다; (4) 적당한 자세를 유지하고, 운동한다;(걷는 것, 눕는 것, 한 체위에서 다른 체위로 바꾸는 것); (5) 잠자고 휴식한다; (6) 적당한 의복을 선택학, 옷을 입고, 옷을 벗는다; (7) 의복을 적당히 조정하고 환경을 조절함으로써 체온을 정상적으로 유지하도록 한다; (8) 신체를 청결하게, 몸을 단정히 하고 표피를 보호한다; (9) 환경으로부터 오는 위험을 피하고 다른 사람을 손상케 하는 위험을 방지하다록 한다; (10) 감정, 욕구, 공포, 또는 ''느낌''을 표현할 때 다른 사람들과 의사를 소통한다; (11) 그의 신앙에 따라서 예배한다; (12) 성취감을 가져올 수 있는 어떤 작업을 한다; (13) 유희, 또는 각종 오락에 참여한다; (13) 건강한 생활로 ''정상적'' 발전을 할 수 있게 만드는 방법을 배우고, 발견하고 또는 호기심을 만족시킨다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.217-225
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• 1998

A scanning electron microscopic study was performed to observe surface ultrastructures of excysted metacercariae and adults of Metagonimus miyatai. Metacercariae were collected from the scale of the pale chub (Zacco platypus). and adult flukes were harvested 1-4 weeks after infection to rats. In excysted metacercariae, the oral sucker was devoid of tegumental spines and had type I and type II sensory papillae. Anteriorly to the ventral sucker, spines were dense and digitated into 5-7 points, whereas near the posterior end of the body spines were sparse and digitated into 2-3 points. In one-week adults, 7 type II sensory papillae were arranged around the lip of the oral sucker. and at inner side of the lip one pair of small and two pairs of large type I sensory papillae were seen on each side. The distribution of tegumental spines was similar to that of metacercariae, but they were more differentiated with 9-11 pointed tips. In two- to four- week old adults, the surface ultrastructure was nearly the same as in one-week old adults, however, sperms were frequently seen entering into the Laurer＇s canal. Conclusively, the surface ultrastructure of M. miyatai was generally similar to that of M. yokogawai, however, differentiation of tegumental spines and distribution of sensory papillae around the oral sucker were different between the two species. which may be of taxonomic significance.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1992

The absorption and excretion times of oxolinic acid(OX) used in farms as new aquatic antibiotics commonly were evaluated with determination of the effects of water temperature and feeding to parameters by using the bioassay technique. On the same time, antibacterial activity and the complex formation of oxolinic acid with serum proteins of two different fishes were compared to those oxytetracycline(OTC). With more than 10 times lower MIC values than those of OTC in the strains among 13 analyzed fish pathogens. OX did not show the decresed antibacterial activity by the binding of serum proteins in carp and tilapia. It implies more powerful potential of OX as aquatic medicine OTC. The serum concentration of OX after different administrations the oral, i.m., i.v and dipping methods were compared. The higher beginning concentration in serum and faster excretion times were obserbed in i.m. and dipping methods respectively. In the oral and i.m. administration, peak serum concentration after 24－48 hrs and slow excretion times demonstrated in both methods. These pharmacokinetic characteristics similar at $30^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ water temperature conditions, however, beginning serum concentration of OX in fish dipped in $50mg/\ell$ sol after starvation for 2 wks was appeared lower than those of fed fish. It suggests the importance of biological condition of the gill or skin for absorption of antibiotics after dipping administration.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.241-254
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• 2004

Kidney had recovery functions against toxicants, ischemia, reperfusion-induced damage, acute-renal failure (ARF). Urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Kidney accumulates or excretes the EGF. In case of renal diseases, excreted EGF was decreased. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects squalene (SQ) on the prevention of experimental acute renal failure induced by glycerol. In case of in vitro study, we investigated the expression of EGF by RT-PCR. After the proximal tubular cells was isolated, glycerol (1, 2, 4 mM) or glycerol plus squalene (0.1, 0.05 or 0.1%) was added. In case of in vivo study, we investigated the changes of BUN, creatine, and ultrastructure. Experimental groups were divided into four groups. Group 1 was normal mouse. Group 2 was injected with SQ only (180 mg/kg). Group 3 was not treated with squalene after intraperitoneal contamination of glycerol (50%, 8 ml/kg). And, Group 4 was treated with squalene (180 mg/kg) after intraperitoneal contamination of glycerol (50%, 8 ml/kg). All groups were used to 7 mice. In the results, we investigated the glycerol induced renal failure. The expression of EGF mRNA was decreased in renal proximal tubules when treated with only glycerol. SQ increased the mRNA expression of EGF in renal proximal tubules. SQ also quickly recovered the levels of BUN and creatine compared with those of mice treated with only glycerol (P<0.01). In case of ultrastructure, group 3 had heavily damaged mitochondria, but, mitochondria in group 4 had evidences of the recovery. It was concluded that SQ had the recovery effects for the glycerol-induced acute renal failure.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2022

Ticks are the arthropod vector capable of transmitting diverse pathogens, which include bacteria, viruses, protozoan and fungi. Ticks are able to survive under stressful environmental conditions. One of evolutionary outcomes of these obligatory hematophagous arthropods is the survival for extended periods of time without a blood meal during off-host periods. Water conservation biology and heat tolerance have allowed ticks to thrive even under high temperatures and low relative humidity, thus they have become highly successful arthropods as they are distributed globally. Tick osmoregulatory physiology is a complex mechanism, which involves multiple osmoregulatory organs (salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, hindgut and synganglion) for the acquisition and excretion of water and ions. Blood feeding and water vapor uptake have been early reported as the primary passages for ixodid tick to acquire water. Recently, we have learned that ticks can actively drink environmental water allowing hydration. The acquired water can be traced to the salivary glands (type I acini) and the midgut diverticula. This opens new avenues for tick management through the delivery of toxic agents into their drinking water, in addition to an alternative strategy for the study of tick physiology. Here we address the osmoregulatory physiology in the ixodid ticks as a potential target physiological mechanism for tick control. We discuss the implications of water drinking behavior for tick control through the delivery of toxic agents and discuss the dermal excretion physiology as an additional pathway to induce tick dehydration and tick death.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2005

Present study was performed to observe the tegumental ultrastructures by the developmental stages which derived from the experimental life cycle of Spirometra erinacei in laboratory conditions. In SEM view, coracidium was spherical in shape with numerous cilia, and its surface was covered with long cilia, tuberclelike projections with millet-like processes, and small holes. The body surface of procercoid was covered with numerous pointed microtriches except that of frontal pit with stout spine-like ones. However that of cercomer was covered with somewhat sparse blunt-tiped microtriches. Plerocercoids of 3 days old resembled the mature procercoid in shape, and their frontal pits were covered with numerous stout spine-like microtriches. However frontal pit and body surface in more than 5 days old ones were covered with conoid microtriches. On the surface of adult scolex, hairly long filamentous and stout short microtriches were mixedly distributed. Filamentous microtriches were more densely distributed in the anterior portion than in the posterior of scolex. The neck and immature proglottid were covered with only stout short conoid microtriches. In TEM view of coracidia, embryophore and oncosphere were obviously distinguished. The embryophore contained numerous glycogen particles, mitochondria and lipid granules. The cilia on the surface of embryophore rooted in the coracidial sheath, and consisted of 9 pairs of microtubules and 2 core complex. The oncosphere was covered with a thin and unarmed tegument, and was multi-nucleated. The protoplasmic layer of procercoid and plerocercoid consisted of disc-shaped bodies, vacuoles and mitochondria. Their tegumental cells commonly retained a nucleus, granular endoplasmic reticulums and secretory granules. The protoplasmic layer of plerocercoid was more compacted than that of procercoid. From the above results, it was confirmed that the tegumental ultrastructures are something different according to the developmental stages of S. erinacei.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 1999

The ultrastructural changes of cuticular surface, excretory and digestive organs of Anisakis simplex larvae chronologically recovered from experimental cats were observed with a SEM and TEM. The larva recovered from an experimental cat at 3 days post-infection (PI) retained the cuticular surface with regular transverse striations and a longitudinal groove on the lateral side of body. This finding suggests that the molting of the 3rd stage larva of A. simplex to 4th one occurred from the 3rd day after infection in cats. The excretory organ (renette cell) consisted of a large cell with numerous ductules ramified from the main duct, mitochondria and secretory granules in cytoplasm. Secretory granules in the renette cell of larvae recovered at 24 hours PI were round whereas those of control and larvae recovered at 6 hours PI were amorphous. Muscular esophagus and ventriculus also retained many secretory granules in the cytoplasm. The secretory granules in these organs of larvae recovered at $6\sim24$ hours PI were electron-dense and widely distributed whereas those of control worm were packed in a pocket and retained various electron densities. In the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells, numerous fine glycogen particles and mitochondria were distributed. The chronological changes of secretory granules in renette cell, muscular esophagus and ventriculus seem to be related with the worm penetration into host tissue.