• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Craniopharyngiomas are often accompanied by severe endocrine disorders. Although there is universal growth hormone deficiency(GHD), the resulting growth pattern is very heterogeneous. We report the growth and endocrine outcome of 44 children with craniopharyngioma, with emphasis on initial symptoms, growth before and during growth hormone(GH) treatment and spontaneous growth in spite of GHD. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 44 children treated at our centre between 1984 and 2002. Results : About 30% of patients had symptoms suggesting endocrine disorder at diagnosis. After surgery, multiple endocrinopathies were almost universal. Before GH therapy, height velocity was $8.00{\pm}2.71cm/yr$ in the normal growth group(n=11) and $1.79{\pm}1.10cm/yr$ in the subnormal growth group(n=7) during the first year and during the second year, $6.76{\pm}2.49cm/yr$ and $2.29{\pm}1.33cm/yr$, respectively. There was no difference of body mass index(BMI) change between before and after surgery in the two groups. Height standard deviation score(SDS) was $-1.46{\pm}0.74$ in the normal growth group and $-0.43{\pm}0.97$ in the subnormal growth group. Before GH treatment height SDS was $-1.31{\pm}1.25$ and BMI was $20.46{\pm}3.60$. During GH treatment, height SDS increased to $-0.60{\pm}1.37$ in the first, and to $-0.41{\pm}1.54$ in the second year(P<0.05), but BMI did not change significantly. Conclusion : The endocrine morbidity could develop in most children with craniopharyngioma before and after the operation and should be managed properly. Although all treated patients benefit from GH therapy, further studies are necessary to find out the possible mechanism of growth regulation in normally growing children, despite GH deficient.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.243-250
• /
• 2018

This study is a single-group experimental study to determine the effects on self-growth group programs are emotional intelligence and brain function index of Nursing Students. The data were collected between August 22 and September30, 2017. A total of 38 Nursing Students at k city were participated. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVAs, and Repeated ANOVA. Self-growth group program showed differences in emotional intelligence over time and Emotional self-understanding showed a statistically significant difference between group and time. The brain function index is no statistically significant difference between group and time but showed a difference in time. The results of self - growing group program has a significant effect on the self - understanding of nursing college students and Brain function index. This study suggests the necessity that the self growth group program for self-understanding, others-understanding, self-opening of nursing students will help improve emotional intelligence.

• 월간 기계설비
• /
• s.250
• /
• pp.28-43
• /
• 2011

정부가 대 중소기업간 상생협력을 본격 추진하기 위해 지난해 말 동반성장위원회를 구성하면서 동반성장 정책이 활기를 띄고 있다. 올해 말에는 56개 대기업(건설사 12개 업체)의 동반성장 및 공정거래 협약 실적이 평가 된다. 이에 따라 대기업은 동반성장 협력 방안을 잇달아 내놓고 있다. 지난 4월 15일 10대 대형건설사가 공정거래 및 동반성장 협약을 체결한 것도 정부의 이러한 정책을 반영하기 위함이다. 서울시 등 일부 지자체도 상생을 위한 하도급 정책을 속속 내놓고 있다. 서울시는 하도급 문화 개선 을 위해 ${\Delta}$하도급 직불제 ${\Delta}$표준계약서 사용 ${\Delta}$주계약자 공동도급제 등 3가지 분야를 확대시행 정책 과제로 삼고 올해부터 집중 추진하기로 했다. 인천시 종합건설본부도 4월부터 하도급 대금 직불제 시행에 들어갔다. 본지는 핫이슈로 떠오르고 있는 정부의 동반성장 정책 방향 및 제도개선 현황과 서울시의 하도급 정책, 동반성장지수 평가 대상업체인 12개 건설사의 상생협력 방안에 대해 알아본다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.349-367
• /
• 2012

Recently, the global paradigm on the economic structure has been changed from the price-oriented borderless competition toward the sustainable quality movement due to the ever-increasing global warming and environmental issues. Since Korea hosted the global 20 summit in 2010, it has promoted the green growth policies and asked for the other countries to participate in. Unfortunately, it is not easy to figure out the green growth or green productivity because the economic performance has a side effect of environmental pollution such as CO2 emission. This paper aims to analyzes the methodological comparison for all the related issues with green productivity and suggests the new paradigm of global Malmquist-Lundberger index (GML) as the most flexible field and performance-oriented criteria to measure the green productivity.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.467-489
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the suitable creative class in korea as the core capital of creative urban growth under creative economy era. We are test to find it for two types of creative class. One is Richard Florida(2002)'s creative class, the other is Mcgranahan & Wojan(2007)'s recasting creative class. Data on 2010 for this paper are generated from Statistics Korea. As a result, we find that the economic geography of creative class is highly concentrated. Furthermore, the geography of creative class is strongly associated with innovation index and high-technology industry location. And Mcgranahan & Wojan(2007)'s creative class is more strong relationship between all dependent variables than Florida's. We also find that it has better power of explanation than Florida's with all of them in regression analysis. According to the results, this study suggests some solutions. First, this study can be provided to government and local policy makers as basis data and practical policy guide to attract creative class. Second, this paper presents standard about a diversity of definitions for creative class in Korea. Third, this research also facilitates follow-up studies about regional economic growth and creative climates.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.26 no.5 s.58
• /
• pp.557-568
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth changes of ODI and APDI with age on the three facial growth patterns. The biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 19 male and 14 famale samples with normal occlusion during 10 years were used in this study. The samples were divided into three groups - drop type, neutral type, forward type - by the total change of the Y-axis during the periods of the study. The findings in this investigation indicated the following: 1. The mean values and standard deviations of each age group in each facial type of male and famale were obtained. 2. The difference of ODI and APDI among the 3 facial types was not significant through all observed ages(P)0.05). The size of ODI appeared large consistently in order of the drop, neutral, and forward type in both male and female through all observed ages. 3. The ODI and APDI were maintained without any charges with age during the periods of the study(p>0.05). 4. In correlation analysis between the total change of the Y-axis and 6 measurements, the AB plane angle and facial angle showed correlation in both male and female(p<0.05), the APDl in only female(p<0.001), but the ODI not appeared correlation in either male or female(p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.135-139
• /
• 2015

$Bi_2Te_3-Bi_2Se_3$ alloy which is typical n-type thermoelectric material were grown by traveling heater method (THM) technique. We investigate the effect of the composition of $100-x(Bi_2Te_3)-x(Bi_2Se_3)$ and doping of n-type dopants such as $SbI_3$ and $CdCl_2$. Maximum figure of merit of $Bi_2Te_3-Bi_2Se_3$ alloy was observed with $CdCl_2$ 0.1 wt% (Z: $2.73{\times}10^{-3}/K$) and $SbI_3$ 0.05 wt% (Z: $2.29{\times}10^{-3}/K$). Deviation along the length of $Bi_2Te_3-Bi_2Se_3$ ingot grown by THM method is low, which indicates that the ingot is very homogenized. Also we observed the close relationship of between anisotropy ratio and dopant in the $90(Bi_2Te_3)-10(Bi_2Se_3)$ alloys. And we confirmed the fact that anisotropy ratio exerts thermoelectric performance in $Bi_2Te_3$ based n-type thermoelectric material.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.51 no.10
• /
• pp.875-886
• /
• 2018

This study evaluated drought severity by bivariate frequency analysis using drought magnitude and precipitation deficit. A drought event was defined by Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the precipitation deficit was estimated using reference precipitation corresponding to the SPI -1. In previous studies, drought magnitude and duration were used for bivariate frequency analysis. However, since these two variables have a largely linear relationship, extensibility of drought information is not great compared to the univariate frequency analysis for each variable. In the case of drought in 2015, return periods of 'drought magnitude-precipitation deficit' in the Seoul, Yangpyeong, and Chungju indicated severe drought over 300 years. However, the result of 'drought magnitude-duration' showed a significant difference by evaluating the return period of about 10, 50, and 50 years. Although a drought including the rainy season was seriously lacking in precipitation, drought magnitude did not adequately represent the severity of the absolute lack of precipitation. This showed that there is a limit to expressing the actual severity of drought. The results of frequency analysis for 'drought magnitude-precipitation deficit' include the absolute deficit of precipitation information, so which could consider being a useful indicator to cope with drought.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.9
• /
• pp.887-900
• /
• 2012

Drought is a non-negligible disaster of nature and it is mainly caused by rainfall shortage for a long time though there are many definitions of drought. 'Standard Precipitation Index' (SPI) that is widely used to express the level of meteorological drought intensity has a limit of not being able to consider the hydrological changes such as rainfall and evapotranspiration caused by climate change, because it does not consider the temperature-related variables other than the precipitation. Recently, however, 'Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index' (SPEI), a drought index of new concept which is similar to SPI but can reflect the effect of temperature variability as well as the rainfall change caused by climate variation, was developed. In this study, the changes of drought occurrence in South Korea were analyzed by applying SPEI for meteorological data (1973~2011) of 60 climate observatories under Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). As the result of application, both of SPI and SPEI showed the trend of deepening drought in spring and winter and mitigating drought in summer for the entire nation, with SPI showing greater drought intensity than SPI. Also, SPI and SPEI with 12 months of duration showed that severe droughts with low frequency of around 6 years are generally being repeated.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.50 no.7
• /
• pp.629-635
• /
• 2007

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) as novel expression methods of body composition in children. Methods : A total of 466 Second grade students-248 boys and 218 girls- from all elementary schools the Gwacheon City underwent anthropometric measures including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and biochemical tests. The correlation coefficients between obesity indices, including FMI and FFMI, and metabolic risk factors, were assessed. Metabolic risk factors of children with increased FMI were compared with those of children with normal FMI. We compared FMI and FFMI percentile distribution between this study's subjects and the subjects of the Fukuoka body composition study. Results : FMI was lower and FFMI was higher in this study's subjects compared to the subjects of the Fukuoka body composition study. FMI was correlated with other obesity indices and several metabolic risk factors. Metabolic risk was higher in children with increased FMI than in children with normal FMI. Conclusion : FMI and FFMI were useful indicators in comparing difference of body composition among children that had different body size and growth. High FMI was related to increase of metabolic risk in children.