• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2015

A novel approach, hybrid surface rainfall (KNU-HSR) technique developed by Kyungpook Natinal University, was utilized for improving the radar rainfall estimation. The KNU-HSR technique estimates radar rainfall at a 2D hybrid surface consistings of the lowest radar bins that is immune to ground clutter contaminations and significant beam blockage. Two HSR techniques, static and dynamic HSRs, were compared and evaluated in this study. Static HSR technique utilizes beam blockage map and ground clutter map to yield the hybrid surface whereas dynamic HSR technique additionally applies quality index map that are derived from the fuzzy logic algorithm for a quality control in real time. The performances of two HSRs were evaluated by correlation coefficient (CORR), total ratio (RATIO), mean bias (BIAS), normalized standard deviation (NSD), and mean relative error (MRE) for ten rain cases. Dynamic HSR (CORR=0.88, BIAS= $-0.24mm\;hr^{-1}$, NSD=0.41, MRE=37.6%) shows better performances than static HSR without correction of reflectivity calibration bias (CORR=0.87, BIAS= $-2.94mm\;hr^{-1}$, NSD=0.76, MRE=58.4%) for all skill scores. Dynamic HSR technique overestimates surface rainfall at near range whereas it underestimates rainfall at far ranges due to the effects of beam broadening and increasing the radar beam height. In terms of NSD and MRE, dynamic HSR shows the best results regardless of the distance from radar. Static HSR significantly overestimates a surface rainfall at weaker rainfall intensity. However, RATIO of dynamic HSR remains almost 1.0 for all ranges of rainfall intensity. After correcting system bias of reflectivity, NSD and MRE of dynamic HSR are improved by about 20 and 15%, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2010

Regional frequency analysis is often used to overcome the limitation of point frequency analysis to estimate probability rainfall depths. However, point frequency analysis is still used in drought analyses. This study proposed a practical method to categorize the homogeneous regions of drought characteristics for the analyses of regional characteristics of droughts in Korea. Using rainfall data from 58 observation stations managed by the Korea Meteorological Administration, this study calculated drought attributes, i.e., mean drought indices for various durations using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and drought severities expressed by durations, depth, and intensity. The drought attributes provided useful information for categorizing stations into the hydrological homogeneous regions. This study introduced a cluster analysis with K-means techniques to group observation stations. The cluster analysis grouped observation stations into 6 regions in Korea. The data in the hydrological homogeneous region would be used in spatial analysis of drought characteristics and drought regional frequency analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.183-183
• /
• 2019

최근 지구온난화에 따른 기후변화로 폭염, 가뭄, 홍수 등 기상 재해의 발생빈도가 상승하고 있으며, 강우 집중도와 변동성이 증가함에 따라 2010년 이후 2014년을 제외한 현재까지 지속적인 농업가뭄의 발생으로 연속적인 가뭄 피해를 겪고 있다. 근대적 수리시설의 발달과 선제적 가뭄대책 등으로 가뭄대응력은 향상되어 피해 수준은 과거에 비해 상대적으로 적은 편이나 정량적인 가뭄피해 평가의 기준이나 피해 평가 사례가 미흡하다. 일반적으로 기상학적 가뭄은 표준강수지수(Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI)를 활용하고 있으며, 농업적 가뭄은 농촌수자원의 주요한 용수공급시설인 농업용 저수지의 용수공급능력과 관개지역의 필요수량을 평가하여 시기별로 부족 수량을 산정하고 가뭄강도를 정량화함으로써 농업가뭄 상황을 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기상학적 가뭄 지수인 SPI와 농업용 저수지의 용수공급능력, 농업적 가뭄 피해 지역의 관련 자료 등을 수집하여 농업 가뭄의 직접 피해를 중심으로 기상학적 가뭄 정도에 따른 농업적 가뭄 피해에 대한 상관성을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.1094-1098
• /
• 2010

미계측 유역에서의 홍수량을 추정할 수 있는 방법은 다양하게 제시되고 있으나, 이에 대한 평가나 조사는 사실상 전무하여 수자원 설계실무에 이용할 수 있는 절차나 방법은 극히 제한되어있다. 현재 주로 이용하고 있는 홍수량 추정절차는 강우를 근거로 한 확률강우량법, SCS방법, 단위도법이 국내의 표준방법으로 이용되고 있다. 또한 수치지도 및 위성영상분석 등과 같은 GIS 자료의 구축이 가능해짐에 따라서, 국내에서는 토양의 종류와 피복 형태 그리고 선행강우조건까지 종합적으로 고려하여 해석하는 유출곡선번호(SCS Runoff Curve Number; CN) 방법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 유출량 해석 시 이용되는 CN은 토지이용도 및 토양도와 같은 지형학적 인자에 지배받게 된다. 그러나 현재 우리나라에서 제공하는 토지이용도 및 토양도는 그 종류가 다양하고, 분류방식이 상이하여 활용 자료에 따라 CN이 달라지므로 유출율의 차이가 발생하게 된다. 국내에서 제공되는 다양한 자료를 이용하여 최적의 CN값을 산정하기 위한 연구가 선행된 바있다. 허기술(1987) 등은 우리나라의 정밀토양도에 의한 토양군 분류에 관한 연구를 진행하였으며 조홍제(1997, 2001)는 LANDSAT 위성영상을 이용하여 유역의 토지피복상태를 분류하고 식생지수를 고려하여 CN을 추정하였고, 김경탁(1998, 2003, 2004)은 개략토양도와 정밀토양도를 이용하여 유출모의 실행한 결과를 비교하여 신뢰도가 높다고 판단되는 정밀토양도를 사용한 CN 추정기법의 사용을 제안한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 GIS를 이용하여 국내에서 활용 가능한 토양도 및 토지이용도의 종류에 따라 총 9개 Case로 안동댐 유역의 CN을 산정하였다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.9
• /
• pp.887-900
• /
• 2012

Drought is a non-negligible disaster of nature and it is mainly caused by rainfall shortage for a long time though there are many definitions of drought. 'Standard Precipitation Index' (SPI) that is widely used to express the level of meteorological drought intensity has a limit of not being able to consider the hydrological changes such as rainfall and evapotranspiration caused by climate change, because it does not consider the temperature-related variables other than the precipitation. Recently, however, 'Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index' (SPEI), a drought index of new concept which is similar to SPI but can reflect the effect of temperature variability as well as the rainfall change caused by climate variation, was developed. In this study, the changes of drought occurrence in South Korea were analyzed by applying SPEI for meteorological data (1973~2011) of 60 climate observatories under Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). As the result of application, both of SPI and SPEI showed the trend of deepening drought in spring and winter and mitigating drought in summer for the entire nation, with SPI showing greater drought intensity than SPI. Also, SPI and SPEI with 12 months of duration showed that severe droughts with low frequency of around 6 years are generally being repeated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.295-295
• /
• 2022

강우 변동성과 기온의 증가 추세로 전 세계 여러 지역에서 가뭄의 빈도, 지속기간, 심각도, 영향면적이 증가하고 있다. 기후변화로 인한 극심한 가뭄은 담수 생태계에 심각한 결과를 가져올 수 있으며, 이는 중대한 사회적 경제적 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 수질오염총량관리 단위유역에서 기상학적 가뭄 발생 시 하천 수생태계가 받는 수질 스트레스 위험도가 식별된다. 기상학적 가뭄은 표준강수지수(SPI)로 한정되며 하천 수질은 BOD로 한정되어 분석이 수행된다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 하천의 수질 스트레스를 식별하기 위하여 가뭄 시 환경영향 지수인 Environmental Drought Condition Index-water quality(EDCI-wq)를 제안한다. EDCI-wq는 기상학적 가뭄이 발생하였을 때 수생태계가 평상시 대비 스트레스를 받을 가능성을 표현한 지수이다. 최종적으로 산정된 EDCI-wq를 기반으로 하천 구간별로 관심, 주의, 경계, 심각 단계 구분 기준을 마련하여 기상학적 가뭄 발생 시 하천 수생태계가 받는 수질 스트레스를 단계적으로 식별할 수 있는 수질 스트레스 위험도 지도가 작성된다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.605-617
• /
• 2008

This study developed a flood index which evaluates runoff characteristics. Runoff characteristics expressed in a hydrograph were reflected in the flood index in the form of characteristic factors such as a rising curve gradient, a peak discharge, a flood response time, and a flood discharge volume prior to peak. This study applied the standardization method to estimate the relative severity of the characteristic factors by transforming the distribution of characteristic factors into the standard normal distribution. The flood index developed in this study is a comprehensive flood index (CFI) which makes up for the weak points of a flash flood index (FFI) in determining relative severities. The CFI was applied to Han River basin and Selma River basin, and was compared with the FFI based on the correlation analysis and the regression analysis. The CFI could comprehensively evaluate flood runoff characteristics because the CFI is not dominated by a specific characteristic factor, and the CFI could explain more efficiently the relationship between rainfall and runoff than the FFI.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.1B
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2006

The rainfall depth-area-duration analysis which is used to characterize precipitation extremes for specification of so-called design storms, provides a basis for evaluation of drought severity when storm depth is replaced by an appropriate measure of drought severity. So we propose a method for constructing drought severity-area-duration curves in this study. Monthly precipitation data over the whole Korea are used to compute SPI. Such SPIs are abstracted to several independent spatial components from EOF analysis. Using Kriging method, these spatial components are used to constitute grid-based SPI data set over the whole Korea including Jeju island with $6km{\times}6km$ resolution. After identifying main drought events, the drought severity-area-duration curves for these events over 32-year period of record are finally constructed. As a result, such curves show the similar shape with storm-based curves in the sense that the drought severity (or rainfall depth) is inversely proportional to drought area from the curves, but drought-based curves are different from storm-based curves in the sense that the drought severity decreasing rate with respect to drought area is much less than depth decreasing rate.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed past drought characteristics based on the observed rainfall data and performed a long-term outlook for future extreme droughts using Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 (RCP 8.5) climate change scenarios. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) used duration of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, a meteorological drought index, was applied for quantitative drought analysis. A single long-term time series was constructed by combining daily rainfall observation data and RCP scenario. The constructed data was used as SPI input factors for each different duration. For the analysis of meteorological drought observed relatively long-term since 1954 in Korea, 12 rainfall stations were selected and applied 10 general circulation models (GCM) at the same point. In order to analyze drought characteristics according to climate change, trend analysis and clustering were performed. For non-stationary frequency analysis using sampling technique, we adopted the technique DEMC that combines Bayesian-based differential evolution ("DE") and Markov chain Monte Carlo ("MCMC"). A non-stationary drought frequency analysis was used to derive Severity-Duration-Frequency (SDF) curves for the 12 locations. A quantitative outlook for future droughts was carried out by deriving SDF curves with long-term hydrologic data assuming non-stationarity, and by quantitatively identifying potential drought risks. As a result of performing cluster analysis to identify the spatial characteristics, it was analyzed that there is a high risk of drought in the future in Jeonju, Gwangju, Yeosun, Mokpo, and Chupyeongryeong except Jeju corresponding to Zone 1-2, 2, and 3-2. They could be efficiently utilized in future drought management policies.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.432-447
• /
• 2016

The increased frequency of drought and flood due to climate change was a global problem. In particular, drought was recognized as a serious environmental, ecological, social, and economic disaster. Therefore, it is necessary to study the measures to prevent it. In this study, we will estimate the meteorological drought index in the Han River Basin and analyze the impact of climate change on drought. The change of the meteorological drought occurrence due to climate change in the Han River separated by the common drought and severe drought was analyzed using the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The years 1973 - 2010 were selected for analysis in the current period. Using the scenario, we separated the future period (Target I: 2011 - 2039, Target II: 2040 - 2069, Target III : 2070 - 2099). The number of occurrences of less than -1.0 and -1.5 standard precipitation index were analyzed by SPI 3, 6, 12. Looking at the results, trends in rainfall in the Han River was expected to increase from the current figures, the occurrence of drought is predicted to decline in the future. However, the number of drought occurrence was analyzed to increase toward long-term drought. The number of severe drought occurrences was usually larger than the common drought estimated. Additional studies may be considered in addition to the agricultural drought, hydrological drought, socio-economic drought. This will be done by using efficient water management. The results can be used as a basis for future drought analysis of the Han River.