• Title/Summary/Keyword: 표면 결함

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치과용 Ni-Ti 파일의 피로파절특성에 미치는 표면개질의 영향

  • Choe, Han-Cheol
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.76-76
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    • 2017
  • Ni-Ti 파일은 근관치료 시 근관형성에 사용되며 근관계 내 조직 잔사와 세균 을 포함한 모든 내용물을 제거하고 미세누출이 생기지 않도록 성공적으로 근관충전을 할 수 있는 근관의 형태를 만드는데 사용된다. Ni-Ti 파일은 수동형 파일처럼 날이 풀어지거나 예각으로 꺾이는 등 시각적으로 나타나는 파일의 피로도나 손상정도를 인지하기 어려워 파일이 근관 내에서 부러지는 것을 막기가 어렵다. Ni-Ti 파일은 육안으로 관찰 할 수 있는 구부러짐이나 풀림 등의 소성변형 없이 기구의 탄성한계 내에서 갑작스럽게 파절되는 경우가 있는데, 이는 만곡 근관 내에서 기구가 회전하는 동안 만곡의 안쪽에는 압축응력이, 만곡의 바깥쪽에는 인장응력이 반복적으로 가해짐으로써 파절의 표면에 미세 파절과 균열이 발생하고 전파되어 결국 피로파절(fatigue fracture)을 야기하게 된다. 또한 Ni-Ti파일이 반복응력을 받으면 균열이 형성되면서 파절이 야기되며 연성파절(ductile fracture) 양상을 나타낸다고 보고하였다. Ni-Ti 파일을 이용한 피로파절에 대한 이전의 연구에서는 파일의 직경이나 경사도 (taper), 단면 형태 및 회전속도, 표면결함 등이 파절에 영향을 미친다고 보고되고 있다. 사용하지 않은 Ni-Ti파일을 구부려 응력을 가 한 상태에서 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 기계 가공 과정에서 발생한 균열, 미세 결함, 긁힌 자국 및 불균질성 등이 원인으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구발표에서는 표면결함을 최소화하고 기구의 회전응력 하에서 피로파절저항성을 향상시키기 위한 방법에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.

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Steel Plate Faults Diagnosis with S-MTS (S-MTS를 이용한 강판의 표면 결함 진단)

  • Kim, Joon-Young;Cha, Jae-Min;Shin, Junguk;Yeom, Choongsub
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.47-67
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    • 2017
  • Steel plate faults is one of important factors to affect the quality and price of the steel plates. So far many steelmakers generally have used visual inspection method that could be based on an inspector's intuition or experience. Specifically, the inspector checks the steel plate faults by looking the surface of the steel plates. However, the accuracy of this method is critically low that it can cause errors above 30% in judgment. Therefore, accurate steel plate faults diagnosis system has been continuously required in the industry. In order to meet the needs, this study proposed a new steel plate faults diagnosis system using Simultaneous MTS (S-MTS), which is an advanced Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) algorithm, to classify various surface defects of the steel plates. MTS has generally been used to solve binary classification problems in various fields, but MTS was not used for multiclass classification due to its low accuracy. The reason is that only one mahalanobis space is established in the MTS. In contrast, S-MTS is suitable for multi-class classification. That is, S-MTS establishes individual mahalanobis space for each class. 'Simultaneous' implies comparing mahalanobis distances at the same time. The proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system was developed in four main stages. In the first stage, after various reference groups and related variables are defined, data of the steel plate faults is collected and used to establish the individual mahalanobis space per the reference groups and construct the full measurement scale. In the second stage, the mahalanobis distances of test groups is calculated based on the established mahalanobis spaces of the reference groups. Then, appropriateness of the spaces is verified by examining the separability of the mahalanobis diatances. In the third stage, orthogonal arrays and Signal-to-Noise (SN) ratio of dynamic type are applied for variable optimization. Also, Overall SN ratio gain is derived from the SN ratio and SN ratio gain. If the derived overall SN ratio gain is negative, it means that the variable should be removed. However, the variable with the positive gain may be considered as worth keeping. Finally, in the fourth stage, the measurement scale that is composed of selected useful variables is reconstructed. Next, an experimental test should be implemented to verify the ability of multi-class classification and thus the accuracy of the classification is acquired. If the accuracy is acceptable, this diagnosis system can be used for future applications. Also, this study compared the accuracy of the proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system with that of other popular classification algorithms including Decision Tree, Multi Perception Neural Network (MLPNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Tree Bagger Random Forest, Grid Search (GS), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The steel plates faults dataset used in the study is taken from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository. As a result, the proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system based on S-MTS shows 90.79% of classification accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed diagnosis system is 6-27% higher than MLPNN, LR, GS, GA and PSO. Based on the fact that the accuracy of commercial systems is only about 75-80%, it means that the proposed system has enough classification performance to be applied in the industry. In addition, the proposed system can reduce the number of measurement sensors that are installed in the fields because of variable optimization process. These results show that the proposed system not only can have a good ability on the steel plate faults diagnosis but also reduce operation and maintenance cost. For our future work, it will be applied in the fields to validate actual effectiveness of the proposed system and plan to improve the accuracy based on the results.

차수용 지오멤브레인의 표면 결함이 물성에 미치는 영향

  • 전한용;김소영;정진희
    • Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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    • 1998.10a
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    • pp.303-306
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    • 1998
  • 시트형태의 지오멤브레인은 차수를 목적으로 최근 널리 사용되고 있으며 폐기물 매립장에 적용하기 위한 지오멤브레인은 생산된 후 저장, 이동, 시공 및 시공 후의 다양한 메카니즘에 의해 재료의 표면에 결함이 발생하게 된다 이러한 결함은 지오멤브레인의 역학적 강도의 감소를 초래하여 재료의 파괴를 유도하고 결국은 시스템의 안정성에 문제를 일으킨다. (중략)

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Deep Learning-based Rail Surface Damage Evaluation (딥러닝 기반의 레일표면손상 평가)

  • Jung-Youl Choi;Jae-Min Han;Jung-Ho Kim
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.505-510
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    • 2024
  • Since rolling contact fatigue cracks can always occur on the rail surface, which is the contact surface between wheels and rails, railway rails require thorough inspection and diagnosis to thoroughly inspect the condition of the cracks and prevent breakage. Recent detailed guidelines on the performance evaluation of track facilities present the requirements for methods and procedures for track performance evaluation. However, diagnosing and grading rail surface damage mainly relies on external inspection (visual inspection), which inevitably relies on qualitative evaluation based on the subjective judgment of the inspector. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a deep learning model study for rail surface defect detection using Fast R-CNN. After building a dataset of rail surface defect images, the model was tested. The performance evaluation results of the deep learning model showed that mAP was 94.9%. Because Fast R-CNN has a high crack detection effect, it is believed that using this model can efficiently identify rail surface defects.

Estimation of mechanical damage by minority carrier recombination lifetime and near surface micro defect in silicon wafer (실리콘 웨이퍼에서 소수 반송자 재결합 수명과 표면 부위 미세 결함에 의한 기계적 손상 평가)

  • 최치영;조상희
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.157-161
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    • 1999
  • We investigated the effect of mechanical back side damage in Czochralski silicon wafer. The intensity of mechanical damage was evaluated by minority carrier recombination lifetime by laser excitation/microwave reflection photoconductance decay ($\mu$-PCD) technique, wet oxidation/preferential etching methods, near surface micro defect (NSMD) analysis, and X-ray section topography. The data indicate that the higher the mechanical damage intensity, the lower the minority carrier lifetime, and NSMD density increased proportionally, also correlated to the oxidation induced stacking fault (OISF) density. Thus, NSMD technique can be used separately from conventional etching method in OISF measurement.

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Real-time Steel Surface Defects Detection Appliocation based on Yolov4 Model and Transfer Learning (Yolov4와 전이학습을 기반으로한 실시간 철강 표면 결함 검출 연구)

  • Bok-Kyeong Kim;Jun-Hee Bae;NGUYEN VIET HOAN;Yong-Eun Lee;Young Seok Ock
    • The Journal of Bigdata
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.31-41
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    • 2022
  • Steel is one of the most fundamental components to mechanical industry. However, the quality of products are greatly impacted by the surface defects in the steel. Thus, researchers pay attention to the need for surface defects detector and the deep learning methods are the current trend of object detector. There are still limitations and rooms for improvements, for example, related works focus on developing the models but don't take into account real-time application with practical implication on industrial settings. In this paper, a real-time application of steel surface defects detection based on YOLOv4 is proposed. Firstly, as the aim of this work to deploying model on real-time application, we studied related works on this field, particularly focusing on one-stage detector and YOLO algorithm, which is one of the most famous algorithm for real-time object detectors. Secondly, using pre-trained Yolov4-Darknet platform models and transfer learning, we trained and test on the hot rolled steel defects open-source dataset NEU-DET. In our study, we applied our application with 4 types of typical defects of a steel surface, namely patches, pitted surface, inclusion and scratches. Thirdly, we evaluated YOLOv4 trained model real-time performance to deploying our system with accuracy of 87.1 % mAP@0.5 and over 60 fps with GPU processing.

다양한 기판을 Etching한 표면에 RF-Magnetron Sputtering방법으로 증착된 PTFE 박막의 발수 특성

  • Jang, Ji-Won;Jeong, Chan-Su;Seo, Seong-Bo;Bae, Gang;Son, Seon-Yeong;Kim, Jong-Jae;Kim, Hwa-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2011.02a
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    • pp.341-341
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    • 2011
  • 초발수 표면은 자가세정, 부식방지, 방오특성의 특징을 가진다. 이러한 특성은 오염성이 높은 건물외장재 및 자동차유리, 태양전지 모듈유리, 디스플레이등 적용분야가 매우 다양하며, 코팅 방법으로 sol-gel, CVD, PVD등의 여러 가지 방법으로 많은 연구가 보고 되고 있다. 초발수 표면을 제작하는 대표적인 방법으로 PTFE와 같은 낮은 표면에너지를 가지는 물질을 증착하는 방법이 많이 사용되고 있으나, 초발수 표면에 가까운 접촉각을 구현하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 기판(Al, Cu, Sus, glass)에 추가적으로 표면 미세요철구조를 만들어 특성을 분석 하였다. 표면의 미세구조는 기판을 산에 Etching 하는 방법으로 Sample을 준비 하였다. 준비된 기판에 RF-Magnetron Sputtering 방법을 이용하여 PTFE를 증착하여 특성을 분석 하였다. 표면과 물방울이 이루는 각도를 알아보기 위해 Contact Angle을 측정한 결과 Glass와 Sus 기판을 제외한 Al과 Cu기판에서 약 150도에 이르는 초발수 특성을 보였으며, 이러한 표면형상을 관찰하기 위해서 SEM 측정을 해본 결과 표면의 미세요철구조가 확인 되었으며, AFM 측정결과 표면의 미세요철의 거칠기가 Etching공정을 통해 증가 된 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, Etching후 Al과 Cu는 수 nm ~ mm의 거칠기를 보였으며, 거칠기가 증가하여 접촉각의 향상에 기여 하였으리라 생각된다. XPS 측정결과 낮은 표면에너지를 가지는 CF2와 CF3 피크가 보이는 것으로 보아 표면에너지가 낮아져 접촉각이 높아졌으리라 사료 된다.

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Surface Modification of Functional Materials by a Bio-Inspired Poly(norepinephrine) Coating

  • Gang, Seong-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2012.11a
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    • pp.65-65
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    • 2012
  • 카테콜아민의 일종인 노레피네프린을 이용하면 다양한 물질의 표면을 효과적으로 개질시킬 수 있음이 최근 보고되었다. 단순한 표면 개질뿐만 아니라 OH- 작용기의 도입이 가능하다는 장점을 갖는 노레피네프린 코팅법은 산화그래핀 혹은 흑연과 같은 비활성 표면에까지 성공적으로 적용되었으며, 그 결과 생체 적합성을 갖는 기능성 표면이 개발되었다.

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