• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.4 s.50
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• pp.381-392
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• 2006

The passive surface wave survey using microtremor is conducted in areas of crystalline rock basements to obtain average shear-wave velocity structures to 30 m deep (Vs30), on which the earthquake-resistant design standard is based. Test data were recorded at two sites with triangular and L-shaped arrays for 4 seconds with an sampling interval of 2 ms. The microtremor recorded at a site were analysed using the spatial autocorrelation method to obtain phase-velocity spectra and effects of major factors such as size and shape of away and number of record and receiver were examined. At the other site, shear-wave velocities were derived from VSP and microtremor data separately. The results from these two methods agree to each other reasonably well, indicating that the microtremor method can be an effective geophysical tool to measure Vs30.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2001

Although the ultrasonic method has been developed and used widely in the fields, it has been used only for measuring the defect size and thickness loss. In this study, the relationship between surface wave attenuation through micro-crack growth and variation of velocity under repeated cyclic loading has been investigated. The specimens are adopted from 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, which is used for power plant and pipeline system, and have dimensions of $200{\times}40{\times}4mm$. The results of ultrasonic test with a 5MHz transducer show that surface wave velocity gradually decreases from the point of 60% of fatigue life and the crack length of 2mm with the increasing fatigue cycles. From the results of this study, it is found that the technique using the ultrasonic velocity change is one of very useful methods to evaluate the fatigue life nondestructively.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

Compaction is performed in civil engineering sites to secure the stability of the ground and prevent settlement. While the process of compaction is crucial, it is also essential to evaluate the degree of compaction after the completion of the process. In domestic sites, the evaluation of compaction is mainly conducted on a small number of spot using point-based tests such as plate load tests and sand cone tests. The methods presented so far allow assessment of surface compaction, but evaluating compaction in deeper layers poses challenges. Moreover, due to the limited coverage of point-based testing, it is difficult to achieve an overall assessment of compaction. As a solution to these issues, the Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves (SASW) tests were utilized to evaluate compaction. SASW tests offer a broader measurement range compared to point-based tests, and depending on the test setup, this method can provide the stiffness of the ground at greater depths. In this study, SASW tests were conducted in a compacted soil site under different conditions to assess compaction. Additionally, Nuclear Density Gauge tests were conducted concurrently to compare and verify the results of SASW. The research results confirmed the feasibility of evaluating compaction using SASW at the geotechnical site.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2005

Inversion of multi-mode surface-wave phase velocity for shallow engineering site investigation has received much attention in recent years. A sensitivity analysis and inversion of both synthetic and field data demonstrates the greater effectiveness of this method over employing the fundamental mode alone. Perturbation of thickness and shear-wave velocity parameters in multi-modal Rayleigh wave phase velocities revealed that the sensitivities of higher modes: (a) concentrate in different frequency bands, and (b) are greater than the fundamental mode for deeper parameters. These observations suggest that multi-mode phase velocity inversion can provide better parameter discrimination and imaging of deep structure, especially with a velocity reversal, than can inversion of fundamental mode data alone. An inversion of the theoretical phase velocities in a model with a low velocity layer at 20 m depth can only image the soft layer when the first higher mode is incorporated. This is especially important when the lowest measurable frequency is only 6 Hz. Field tests were conducted at sites surveyed by borehole and PS logging. At the first site, an array microtremor survey, often used for deep geological surveying in Japan, was used to survey the soil down to 35 m depth. At the second site, linear multichannel spreads with a sledgehammer source were recorded, for an investigation down to 12 m depth. The f-k power spectrum method was applied for dispersion analysis, and velocities up to the second higher mode were observed in each test. The multi-mode inversion results agree well with PS logs, but models estimated from the fundamental mode alone show f large underestimation of the depth to shallow soft layers below artificial fill.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1086-1087
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 태양전지 모듈의 표면 오염으로 인한 태양광발전량의 감소를 사전 예방하기 위해 영상기술을 이용한 표면 오염도 자동검출 기술에 대해 논의하였다. 일반적인 태양광발전시스템의 경우 태양전지 모듈의 표면 오염원 제거를 위해 사람에 의한 수동적인 방법에 의존하는 것이 현실이나, 커다란 규모의 태양광 발전시설의 경우는 인력으로 오염원을 제거하는 것은 거의 불가능 하다. 이러한 관점에서 태양전지 모듈 표면에 떨어진 오염 물질로 인한 출력감소를 사전에 예방하고, 시스템을 효율적으로 운영하기 위해 이미지 영상기술이 적용되었다. 본 기술은 기본적으로 레이저 광원과 먼지와 상호 interaction을 통해 생성된 반사파 및 이를 CCD 영상으로 획득하고 태양전지 모듈 표면의 오염원의 유무, 균일/불균일 분포 등의 3가지 서로 다른 조건을 설정하여 비교 시험을 수행하였고, 개발된 오염측정 시스템을 수상 태양광 발전 파일럿 설비에 적용하여 운전성능을 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2004

A finite element method is used to simulate interaction of laser-based ultrasounds with surface breaking tracks in elastic media. The laser line source focused on the surface of semi-infinite medium is modeled as a shear dipole in 2-D plane strain finite elements. The shear dipole-finite clement model is found to give correct directivity patterns for generated longitudinal and shear waves. The interaction of surface waves with surface breaking cracks (2-D machined slot) is considered in two ways. Both the source and receiver are fixed with respect to the cracks in the first case, while the source is moving in another case. It is shown that the crack depth tested in the range of 0.3-5.0mm $({\lambda}_R/d=0.21{\sim}3.45)$ can be measured using the corner reflected waves produced by the fixed laser source. The moving laser source is found to cause a large amplitude change of reflected waves near crack, and the crack whose depth is one order lower than the wavelength ran be detected from this change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

Problems created by supersonic jet impinging on solid objects or ground arise in a variety of situations. For example multi-stage rocket separation, deep-space docking, V/STOL aircraft, jet-engine exhaust, gas-turbine blade, terrestrial rocket launch, and so on. These impinging jet flows generally contain a complex structures. (mixed subsonic and supersonic regions, interacting shocks and expansion waves, regions of turbulent shear layer) This paper describes experimental works on the phenomena (surface pressure distribution, flow visualization) when underexpanded supersonic jets impinge on the perpendicular, inclined plate using a supersonic cold-(low system. The used supersonic nozzle is convergent-divergent type, exit Mach number 2, The maximum on the plate when it was inclined was much larger than perpendicular plate, owing to high pressure recoveries through multiple shocks. Surface pressure distribution as to underexpanded ratio showed similar patterns together.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.381-393
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• 2021

Physical, mechanical, hydraulic, and geophysical tests were applied to validate methods of inspecting the effectiveness of grouting on an agricultural reservoir dam. Data obtained from series of in situ and laboratory tests considered four stages: before grouting; during grouting; immediately after grouting; and after aging the grouting for 28 days. The results of SPT and triaxial tests, including the unit weight, compressive strength, friction angle, cohesion, and N-value, indicated the extent of ground improvement with respect to grout injection. However, they sometimes contained errors caused by ground heterogeneity. Hydraulic conductivity obtained from in situ variable head permeability testing is most suitable for identifying the effectiveness of grouting because the impermeability of the ground increased immediately after grouting. Electric resistivity surveying is useful for finding a saturated zone and a seepage pathway, and multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is suitable for analyzing the effectiveness of grouting, as elastic velocity increases distinctly after grouting injection. MASW also allows calculation from the P- and S- wave velocities of dynamic properties (e.g., dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic Poisson's ratio), which can be used in the seismic design of dam structures.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 1990

양표면은 무결점재를, 가운데 단판은 경사목리 및 목리방향의 할열을 가진 단판을 사용하여 제조한 3매 단판 적충재에 있어서 목리방향과 할열의 인장탄성계수 및 인장강도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 또한, 비파괴 시험 방법인 응력파 실험에 의하여 각단판의 탄성계수를 측정하고, 이들 단판의 탄성계수로부터 단판적층재의 탄성계수를 예측하여 실측치와 비교하였다. 응력파에 의해 예측된 탄성계수는 인장실험으로부터 얻어진 결과와 거의 일치하였으며 인장탄성계수와 인장강도간에도 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다($r^2$=0.681). 인장강도에 있어서는 가운데 단판 할열의 영향은 나타나지 않았으나 목리의 경우 경사각이 증가함에 따라 인장강도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.5-14
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• 2001

The NDT(Non-Destructive Testing) technique, detecting defects without damaging foundations, has, lately, been a matter of concern. In this study, the applicability of the borehole methods(CSL, CT, PS) and the surface reflection methods(SE, IR) to the evaluation of integrity of drilled shaft was investigated through field test. Ten drilled shafts, 0.4 m in diameter and 7.0 m long each, were constructed, one shaft with no defect and nine shafts intentionally with the combination of the common defects such as soft bottom, necking, bulging, cave-in, and/or weak concrete. Analysing each NDP test result on the constructed drilled shafts, an optimum combination of the NDP methods as well as the applicability of each NDP method to detecting defects of drilled shaft have been investigated.