• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1087-1096
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activity of extracts of fresh mushrooms. The components were extracted by hot water; subsequently, the hot-water extract was subjected to 60% ethanol precipitation to yield high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) fractions. Total polyphenol contents, $\beta$-glucan contents, electron-donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, nitrite-scavenging activity, fibrinolytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inhibition of NO production of the mushroom extracts were measured using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells. The extracts of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer and Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer contained the highest levels of $\beta$-glucan (33.5% and 25.57%, respectively). Further, the LMW fractions of the Phellinus linteus contained the highest levels of polyphenols (233.23 mg/g). The EDA of LMW fractions (10 mg/mL) of the Phellinus linteus and Agaricus bisporus were 80.74% and 51.35%, respectively. Further, SOD-like activities of the LMW fractions were high as compared to those of the HMW fractions. Nitrite-scavenging activities of the LMW fractions (pH 1.2; concentration, 10 mg/mL) of the Phellinus linteus and Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer were 75.95% and 41.05%, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of the LMW fractions of all mushrooms showed no enzyme activity by fibrin plate assay. The fibrinolytic activity of the extracts of Tricholoma matsutake was the greatest inhibitory activity at 60.4%. Further study revealed that the mushroom extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells. The LMW fraction ($500\;{\mu}g/mL$) of the Phellinus linteus considerably inhibited NO production (100%).

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.184-190
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• 2012

Monitorings and management experiment of adult Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae) in artificial sawdust grown shiitake mushroom cultivation were carried out by using yellow sticky traps and Hypoaspis aculeifer (Acari: Laelapidae) at Hwaseong, Buyeo and Cheongwon in 2012. The larvae of L. ingenua reduced commercial value of the mushroom by direct eating or retarding the growth of mushroom by spongifying the sawdust medium. The number of L. ingenua caught by traps showed the highest peak in late september resulting in 127.5~1,025.7, 87.4~743.6 and 133.7~650.4 individuals per trap in Hwaseong, Buyeo and Cheongwon, respectively. Damage rate of fruiting bodies in shiitake mushroom by L. ingenua were 7.7~30.3% in Hwaseong, 6.7~25.3% in Buyeo and 5.3~26.0% in Cheongwon and showed the highest peak in late september. L. ingenua were effectively controlled when 30.3 individuals of H. aculeifer per $m^2$ inoculated for three time with 7 to 14 days of interval. In Hwaseong, Buyeo and Cheongwon, density of L. ingenua which were caught on the yellow sticky traps were 168.2, 126.1, 132.5 individuals, respectively. And, damage rate of fruiting bodies by L. ingenua were 5.9%, 5.5% and 5.4% respectively. Both of the L. ingenua density and damage rate of mushroom reduced more than 60% in all experimental site in contrast to the control treatment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.768-775
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• 2005

Lentinus edodes powder was added at 1-3%(w/w) to improve functional properties of jocheong. Content of crude protein, ash, crude lipids, total mineral, free sugar and reducing sugar increased with increasing amount of L. edodes powder, while viscosity and solid and carbohydrate contents decreased. Through amino acid analysis, 17 amino acids were identified and quantified, glutamic acid being the major amino acid. No significant differences were observed in fatty acid composition and pH between control and L. edodes powder-added jocheong. Addition of mushroom powder in jocheong decreased lightness, yellowness and redness in Hunter's color value. Sensor score of jucheong containing 1% of L. edodes powder was similar to that of control. Results showed jocheong containing less than 2% L. edodes powder gave highest scores in quality characteristics and sensory evaluation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1339-1346
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• 2018

In Korea, edible mushrooms are produced largely on commercial artificial media, so the annual production of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), as a by-product of the mushroom industry, is estimated at over 200 million tons. This SMS is assumed to contain abundant fungal mycelia and pre-fruiting bodies, as well as various nutritive and bioactive compounds that are presently discarded. This study examined the physico-chemical, nutritional, and enzymatic characteristics of uninoculated sterilized medium (USM) and SMS of shiitake mushrooms with the aim of developing a high-value added product from SMS. The contents of crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were higher after the third SMS harvest ($SMS-A-3^{rd}$) than in USM or $SMS-A-1^{st}$. The contents of Ca, Mg, and P in $SMS-A-3^{rd}$ were 2.95, 2.35, and 2.1-fold higher compared than in USM. No As or Cd was detected in USM or SMS. The pH, Brix, and acidity were 4.6, 20.0, and 1.4, respectively in $SMS-A-3^{rd}$, but 5.6, 6.0, and 0.0, respectively, in USM. These results suggest a highly active production of soluble components and organic acids in $SMS-A-3^{rd}$. The distinct color differences noted for USM, $SMS-A-1^{st}$, and $SMS-A-3^{rd}$ could be used as a mycelial growth indicator. Enzyme activity assays using the APIZYM system showed that SMS is a potent source of hydrolysis-related enzymes, especially esterase (C4) and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase. Our results suggested that the SMS of shiitake has a high potential for use in environmental, agricultural, and stock-breeding industries, for example, as active ingredients for sewage treatment, waste-polymer degradation, and feed additives.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2002

It has been known that Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes have anticancer activity and immune enhancing activity. These two mushrooms were grown in liquid culture and harvested. From these mycelia, DNA was isolated and EtBr-CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation was performed to purify it further. Then mitochondrial DNA was isolated by bisbenzimide-CsCl density ultracentrifugaton. Mitochondrial DNA of Ganoderma lucidum was digested by restriction enzymes, EcoR I, Hind Ⅲ, and Pst I, then electrophoresed. It showed 12, 22, 4 fragments. Mitochondrial DNA of Lentinus edodes was digested by EcoR I. Electric pattern showed 6 fragments. 4 fragments had appeared by Pst 1 digested mitochondrial DNA. Hind ill couldn't digest mitochondrial DNA of Lentinus edodes. Mitochondrial DNA of fusants was isolated to compare to those of parents. The results showed that fusant P₂S₄has new, recombined mitochondrial DNA. But P₂S₄had the same DNA that Ganoderma lucidum had.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 1997

Drying of Shiitake mushroom was investigated to see the effect of temperature, relative humidity of drying air and diameter of the pileus on its rates. The drying rate was increased with the increase of the air temperature and the decrease of the relative humidity. The external color was dark brown at higher drying temperature and higher relative humidity. Exponential and Thompson nodel were found to describe well the raying process of the Shiitake mushroom.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

The equilibrium moisture content(EMC) of Shiitake mushroom is and important factor because it has a close relationship to storage and drying problems. The determination of the EMC for Shiitake mushroom was made in atmospheres of various constant humidities at four different constant temperatures and the fitting of the five selected EMC models were performed with the experimental EMC data. The desorption equilibrium moisture contents for Shiitake mushroom were increased as the temperature was decreased and the relative humidity was increased. The significant difference of the equilibrium moisture content was appeared between the cap and the stipe of Shiitake mushroom. The Henderson-Thompson model was fitter than the others with the experimental data.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 2000

By adding mushroom powder in baking white bread all the edible ingredients and numerous effectiveness of green tea can be consumed completely and the beautiful natural colors of green tea can result the variety of colors of cookies and breads. In this thesis, I used sensory evaluation and mechanical test to decide the appropriate amount of mushroom powder added in baking white bread among the ratios of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% of mushroom powder relative to flour. I find the followings. In sensory evaluation. the color of white bread resulted from the addition of mushroom powder was most attractive in The 3% mixtures tasted most salty and other than this mixtures made no differences in salty tastes. The 3% mixture tasted most sweet and the same mixture resulted best in astringent taste. On the other hand, the overall test agreed almost with the sensory tests and there were some significant differences when p< 0.05. In summing up the above findings of our investigations, the 3% mixture of mushroom powder produces the best white Bread.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.38-47
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• 1988

표고버섯(Lentinus edodes) 균에 의한 졸참나무(Quercus serrata)골목의 미시형태적 변화를 주사형전자현미경 (SEM)을 통해 관찰하였다. 표고 재배 5년후 골목의 중량 감소율은 50%에 달했다. 구성세포중 목섬유는 표고균사에 의해 쉽게 분해되었으나 도관과 유세포는 저항성을 나타냈다. SEM 관찰 결과 표고균사는 세포내강(內腔)에서부터 세포벽을 서서히 분해 박벽화(薄壁化)시켰으며, 또한 Cell corner가 중간층보다 먼저 공격을 받아 분해 되었으나 중간층은 쉽게 분해되지 않았다. 흥미롭게도 연부후(軟腐朽)의 전형적 형태인 2차막에서의 공동(空洞)역시 백색부후균인 표고균사에 의해 형성 되었다. 이상의 관찰결과 표고균은 백색부후와 연부후균이 갖는 미시형태적 특징을 동시에 보여 주었다. 아울러 중간층 보다 Cell corner가 먼저 선택적으로 분해되며, 도관세포벽의 분해저항성을 세포벽 구성 리그닌의 화학적 특성과 연관시켜 논의했다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1993

To increase the production of mushrooms and the economic efficiency of mushroom cultivation, the pinchips(PC) and sawdusts(SD) of three Korean oak species were tested as cultivating media for Lentinus edodes with varing the composition of the media. The results are as follows. 1. Organic acids(tannic acid and citric acid), which were added in the PC medium to enrich the quality of mushrooms, did not increase the growths of the mycelia and the quality. 2. The mushrooms were able to be harvrested from six months after beginning the cultivation. No significant differences were found among the qualities of the mushrooms produced by various treatments. 3. The production rate of mushroom was relatively high with, 28.4~29.3% (700~730gr./2,500gr pack). The net profit estimated was about 1,450 won per pack.