• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.11A
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• pp.1709-1716
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• 2000

ATM 스위치에서 입력 트래픽의 링크 이용의 불확실성과 입력 트래픽에 대한 예측 오류 등으로 인한 폭주가 발생될 가능성을 완전히 배제할 수 없기 때문에 스위치내부에서 폭주 발생을 억제할 수 있는 방법이모새되어야 한다.본 논문에서는 스위치 내부 링크의 대역 사용량을 측정하여 폭주 및 트래픽 제어를 수행하고 링크 이용률을 최대화하기 위한대역 할당 알고리즘을 제안한다. 폭주가 발생한 링크에 대하여 짧은 시간 내에 폭주를 해결하고 폭주가 발생하지 않은 링크에서는 사용하고 남은 여분의 대역을 공평하게 할당함으로서 링크의 이용률을 극대화할 수 있으므로 트래픽 관리를 보다 쉽고 효율적으로 수행할 수 있다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.375-380
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• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility for assessment of binocular visual function about alteration for near point of convergence (NPC). Study subjects were total 30 (emmetropia 16, myopia 14), who had no eye disease except for the phoria and monocular corrected vision 1.0 and over. Near point of accommodation (NPA), NPC and phoria test were measured both at ordinary and stimulation of +1D. Ordinary NPC was 1.77cm shorter than NPC stimulated +1D and the NPC of emmetropia was shorter than that of myopia. The difference between NPC stimulated +1D and ordinary were increased in the emmetropia. As the NPC increased, the AC/A ratio was elevated and the feature of near exophoria appeared. The results suggested that the alteration of NPC might substitute AC/A ratio for reference variable of binocular vision. If converged and analyzed comparatively with another binocular visual evaluation test, the alteration of NPC could be developed for substitution of evaluation test.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.53-57
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• 2009

Purpose: To study the relationship of N.P.C, heterophoria and near convergence and divergence by amount of the refractive error. Methods: All subjects have no ocular disease and their mean age is 22.7. All 39 subjects examined about refractive error, near point of convergence (NPC), heterophoria, near convergence and divergence. Results: Classified by low refractive state, middle refractive state, and high refractive state compared with the expected value of Morgan. NPC had been measured within low and middle refractive state eight all the 8cm. However, high refractive state measured 9.64 cm. Low and middle refractive state for the classification by near phoria. Near esophoria groups was smallest by near divergence and exophoria groups was smallest by near convergence. Conclusions: Near convergence were largest with esophoria while near divergence were largest with exophoria.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.569-582
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• 2023

Lead-acid Battery is the oldest rechargeable battery system and has maintained its position in the rechargeable battery field. The battery causes thermal runaway for various reasons, which can lead to major accidents. Therefore, preventing thermal runaway is a key part of the battery management system. Recently, research is underway to categorize thermal runaway battery cells into machine learning. In this paper, we present a thermal runaway hazard cell detection and verification algorithm using DBSCAN and statistical method. An experiment was conducted to classify thermal runaway hazard cells using only the resistance values as measured by the Battery Management System (BMS). The results demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed algorithms in accurately classifying thermal runaway cells. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm was able to classify thermal runaway cells between thermal runaway hazard cells and cells containing noise. Additionally, the thermal runaway hazard cells were early detected through the optimization of DBSCAN parameters using a grid search approach.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare binocular functions such as near point of convergence (NPC), AC/A ratios, heterophoria, accommodation, accommodation lag, positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), positive relative convergence (PRC), negative relative convergence (NRC) in normal subjects and convergence insufficiency. Methods: 86 subject (male n=45, female n=41, mean $age{\pm}SD=23.27{\pm}2.85$ years) without amblyopia, strabismus, and ocular pathology were studied. Forty three patients each group were classified as normal subjects and convergence insufficiency group based on AC/A ratio and far and near phoria. Binocular function of the two groups was measured using phoropter. r. Results: The values between normal subjects and convergence insufficiency were 5.71 cm and 7.07 cm for NPC, 5.28 and 2.81 for Heterophria AC/A, 0.92 exo/3.36 exo and 2.17 exo/10.84 exo for far and near phoria, 15.49/23.30/13.30 and 13.50/20.02/9.09 for PRC, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between normal subjects and convergence insufficiency for accommodative amplitude, accommodative lag, PRA, NRA, BI vergence test, BO vergence test, NRC. Conclusions: Both groups were a significant difference for cover test, NPC, Heterophria AC/A, far and near phoria, break point of PRC, and recovery point of PRC.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was investigated for the effects of vision training on the phoria and positive fusion reverse (PFR) of patients with convergence insufficiency (C.I). Methods: Subjects were included 11 patients with CI of T Vision Center (5 patients with distance orthophoria, 6 patients with distance exophoria). The vision training of this study had been processed daily during an average of 2 months for each patients. Results: The result showed that after vision training, the phoria and PFR of CI patient were improved significantly than that before vision training (p<0.05) and when the groups were divided to the distance orthophoria convergence insufficiency (DOCI) group and distance exophoria convergence insufficiency (DE-CI) group, these improvements were proved similarly in the both groups. Conclusions: This study proved that vision training for patients with C.I was effective for the improvement of the phoria and PFR of these patients.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate correlation between convergence insufficiency and concentration by evaluating attentiveness in children who have convergence insufficiency symptoms. Methods: The CISS survey and examination for the near point of convergence were conducted to 74 in children aged 12 to 13 years in order to divide them into a normal binocular vision (NBV) and a convergence insufficiency (CI) group. The attentiveness examination was used to all subjects to figure out their emotional problems, hyperactivity and impulsiveness problems, and managerial or functional problems with a 5-point scale. Correlation between convergence insufficiency-related symptoms included in CISS and attentiveness problems was analyzed. Results: there were 29 children (39.2%) in the CI group, the mean scores of CISS of the NBV and CI group were $5.91{\pm}3.69$ and $18.31{\pm}7.00$ each (p<0.001). On the survey of CISS symptoms, children in the CI group frequently expressed such symptoms as eye fatigue, loss of attentiveness, blurry vision, and forgetting the line they have been reading. In the attentiveness examination, the CI group ($74.83{\pm}9.83$) gained higher scores in problematic concentration than the NBV group ($46.80{\pm}11.30$). Convergence insufficiency had significantly positive correlation with total attentiveness (r=0.798). Conclusions: In elementary school students, it has been found that when perceived symptoms related with convergence insufficiency are more serious, problematic attentiveness gets serious, too.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.656-660
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• 2003

최근들어 네트워크 트래픽 폭주 공격에 의한 피해 사례가 속출하고 있다. 지난해 7월, 전세계적으로 많은 피해를 일으켰던 코드레드(CodeRed)공격뿐만 아니라 지난 1월 전국의 인터넷망을 마비시켰던 1.25대란 역시 트래픽 폭주 공격으로 국가적인 차원에서 많은 손실을 일으켰던 대표적인 사례이다. 흔히 인터넷 대란이라고 일컬어지는 트래픽 폭주 공격 및 웹해킹은 갈수록 경제적인 손실 및 피해규모가 커지고 기법도 다양해지도 있어, 트래픽 유형 분석 및 대응에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 고는 이러한 트래픽 폭주 공격의 개념을 정의하고 유형별로 분석하고자 한다. 또한 소규모 망에서 기존의 네트워크 장비 및 서버를 이용하여 이 공격들을 대응할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.48-54
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• 2003

Recently it frequently occur that remote host or network device breaks down because of various traffic flooding attacks. This kind of attack is classified an one of the most serious attacks of it can be used to a need of other hackings. This research is gathering system's informations for detecting a traffic flooding attack using the SNMP MIB. We analyze the traffic characteristic applying the critical value commonly used in analytical procedure of traffic flooding attacks. As a result or this analysis, traffic flooding attacks have a special character of its on. The proposed algorithm in this paper would be more available to a previous detecting method and a previous protecting method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.10
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• pp.42-51
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• 1998

This paper suggests a congestion control scheme for CL (ConnectionLess) overlay network using the feedback loops between CL user and CL server, between CL servers, and between end-to-end CL users, and the header translation table of CL server. The CL overlay network for CBDS(Connectionless Broadhand Data Service) defined by ITU-T((International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication) consists of CL servers which route frames and links which connect between CL user and CL server or between CL servers. In the CL overlay network, two kinds of congestion, CL link congestion and CL server congestion, may occur. We considered the schemes to solve the congestion. link-by-link method[18] has used the ABR feedback loops of ATM layer between CL user and CL server or between CL servers, and the congestion table using header translation table of CL server. As in congestion of output virtual channel this method has an effect on all the traffic transmitting through the link, then it has an effect on the traffic that has not caused the congestion. As a result, the link utilization of output virtual channel that does not bring the congestion and outputs the traffic is decreased. To overcome this drawback of link-by-link, we proposed the hybrid method that are using the ABR feedback loops of link-by-link method, the feedback loop between CL users in end-to-end, the congestion table using and the header translation table. This scheme deals with teh congestion immediately by link-by-link loops and the header translation table, and then regulates the sending rate of CL user that causes the congestion by end-to-end loop.