• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

This study aims to present the practical Nitrogen monoxide (NO) removal capacity of cement mortar with Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) which is one of the paving materials by considering the environment of pavement in urban areas. NO removal capacity test under designated conditions of humidity of inflow gas and the test with variation of the degree of saturation of specimen were conducted. In the test for humidity, dry specimen is subject to the test and NO removal ratio was observed. Humidity-NO removal ratio curve is a log normal distribution in shape, and the maximum NO removal ratio appears at specific humidity. NO removal capacity test relying on the degree of saturation was carried out with wet specimen to reflect the unsaturated pavement by rainfall and domestic sewage. Wet specimen presents less NO removal capacity than dry specimen and the recovering evolution of NO removal capacity follows evaporation. Moreover, $TiO_2$ under the specific depth of specimen hardly contributes to NO removal capacity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

During handling unitized products, they are subjected to a variety environmental hazards. Shock and vibration hazards are generally considered the most damaging of the environmental hazards on a product, and it may encounter while passing through the distribution environment. A major cause of shock damage to products is drops during manual handling. The increasing use of unitization on pallets has been resulted in a reduction in the manual handling of products and with it a reduction in the shock hazards. This has caused and increasing interest in research focused on vibration caused damage. the use of pallets as a base for unitizing loads, aids in the mechanical handling, transportation and storage of products. Besides aiding in the handling, transportation and storage of products, a pallet also acts on and interface between the packaged goods and the distribution environment. The determination of the impact deformation of the cushioning materials such as tray cup (polymeric foam) and corrugated fiberboard pad must be carried out to design the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. In this study, the theoretical analysis of impact deformation for cushioning materials by dynamic vibration. The impact deformations of SW and DW corrugated fiberboard pad in acceleration amplitudes of 0.25 G-rms and 0.5 G-rms that were usually generated in transport vehicles during distribution environments were very small compare with the thickness of corrugated fiberboard pad. The maximum of vibration acceleration level of tray cup by vibration impact was about 3.2 G-rms. The theoretical allowable acceleration (G-factor) of the pear was 0.7102 G-rms, and the maximum dynamic deformation estimated within G-factor was about 1 mm.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.6 s.90
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• pp.823-828
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• 2005

To lower the calories of buckwheat noodle, which is good for reducing obesity and for Preventing adult disease, glucomannan and flour containing resistant starch(RS) were used during the noodle making Process. Compared with raw noodle, this buckwheat raw noodle had $30\%$ fewer calories. This low caloric buckwheat noodle was coated with olive oil which is reputed as well-being food to prevent soddening to make instant type buckwheat noodle. Its shelf-life was extended to 90 days under normal temperature($35^{\circ}C$I). Among four noodle samples with different combinations of raw materials, the best was made of flour with RS formula flour, buckwheat flour, glucomannan, activated gluten, and emulsifying agent. The one without salt had better quality. Among 6 kinds of packing materials, OPP/Al/PE composite level film demonstrated the best quality packing materials.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find new way for vitality of flower shop. The subjects for this research were composed of 58 male and 155 female. In survey of satisfaction of flower shop's product price, 'satisfied' responses in male and female respondents were 8.62 and 14.21%, respectively. Results of survey of consumer's awareness on packaging of flower shop's products have shown that the 'satisfied' responses in male and female respondents were 6.88 and 12.91%, respectively. In question of the satisfaction of flower products as a gift, the 'satisfied' responses in male and female respondents were 8.61% and 1.95%, respectively. In question of the attitude of seller, the 'satisfied' responses in male and female respondents were 6.88% and 6.46%, respectively. In survey of the mind of consumer's repurchase, male and female respondents were satisfied 5.16% and 9.05%, respectively. Our results have shown that consumer's satisfaction in most questions was of low level. Therefore, we propose that these results are associated with the needs of active efforts of flower shop's manager.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3D
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• pp.331-338
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• 2008

Road pavements consist of layered structure and each layer is made of various materials. The load responses of pavement structures are very sensitive to properties of subbase materials. Successful pavement design, therefore, depends on the method and the accuracy of measuring material properties, and it requires realistic description of the behavior of layered materials. Resilient modulus ($M_R$) is widely used properties representing pavement structure materials. In this study, we collected data for mechanical characteristics of subbase materials that were used in domestic construction and adopted them to form a constitutive equation of subbase $M_R$ value. Proposed model was evaluated through the finite element analysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3D
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• pp.435-444
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• 2006

This paper investigates the effect of 3-dimensional FE models to evaluation results of jointed concrete pavements which is back-calculated by AREA method. Sensitivity of 3-dimensional FE models developed to simulate the behavior of real jointed concrete pavement are analyzed after compared with 2-dimensional FE models using ILLISLAB. In comparison with 2-dimensional models, influence of concrete contraction under loading plate and base layer on surface deflections is more than that of loading configuration. Deflections at 3-dimensional model between linear and nonlinear temperature distribution under same temperature difference are similar, but noticeable differences are investigated in low elastic modulus of foundations. Dynamic deflections under loading plate are larger than static deflections in high elastic modulus of foundation, but smaller in low elastic modulus. Lower dynamic modulus of subgrade reactions are backcalculated by dynamic deflections than by static deflections. But reverse trend is investigated in the backcalculated elastic modulus of concrete which describes trends of the field backcalculation values calculated from AREA method.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2023

The increasing saturation challenges in storage facilities for Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste call for a more efficient storage approach. Consequently, we have developed a square-structured container that features a storage capacity approximately 20% greater than that of conventional drum-type containers. Considering the need to contain various radioactive wastes from nuclear power usage securely until they no longer pose a threat to human health or the environment, this study focuses on evaluating the sealing efficacy of the newly designed rectangular container using finite element analysis. Since radioactive waste containers typically do not experience external forces except under special circumstances, our analysis simulated the impact of an external force, assuming a fall scenario. After fastening the bolts, we examined the vertical stress distribution on the container by applying the calculated external force. The analysis confirms the container's stable seal.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

This study experimented to evaluate the environment friendly high performance ternary cement concrete deck overlay pavement using mineral admixture such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag. It was measured to find best binder mixing according to replacement rate of mineral admixture with compressive strength and flexural strength. After finding best binder, it is also experimented to evaluate durability on chloride penetration resistance, freezing- thawing resistance, scaling resistance of deicing chemicals, abrasion resistance, alkali-silica reactivity test and bonded environment friendly high performance ternary cement concrete deck overlay pavement experimented to evaluate bonded old deck and new concrete overlay pavement using special polymer cement mortar. In additions, bonded environment friendly high performance ternary cement concrete deck overlay pavement by experimental construction was evaluated at interchange bridge of North Yeoju. Result, examination was indicated better binding with binder replacement of cement 70%, ground granulated blast-furnace slag 15% and fly ash 15%. And special polymer cement mortar used in old deck and new overlay concrete was indicated better bonding both laboratory and construction.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.7 no.4 s.26
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

The effect of modified asphalts is evaluated by simple comparison of a single parameter (i.e., tensile strength, stiffness, etc.) between modified asphalt mixture and unmodified mixture. The use of a single parameter to evaluate the effect of modified asphalt must be questioned. Rather, a single unified framework that accounts for changes in key mixture properties is needed to effectively evaluate the modified asphalt mixtures. This study used a new performance-based fracture parameter as a single unified framework, the Energy Ratio (ER), for quantifying the effect of modified asphalts oil the fracture resistance of mixtures. The Energy Ratio was then used as a performance criterion for calculating the construction cost of two modified asphalt pavements (SBS and Crumb Rubber) and unmodified asphalt pavement. The results showed that the Energy Ratio of SBS modified asphalt was higher than those of crumb rubber and unmodified asphalt. Cost analyses indicated that the construction cost of the AC layer would be reduced by up to 24% by SBS modification. Based on the results, the Energy Ratio is capable of evaluating the effect of modified mixtures, and may form the basis of a promising fracture criterion for performance-based thickness design in asphalt pavements.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

This study focuses on evaluating the applicability of an acryl based polymer concrete to the thin bridge deck pavements. The acryl concrete developed in this study is composed of Methyl Methacrylate(MMA) resin, benzol peroxide and fillers. To study the effects of the types and amounts of the components on the physical characteristics of the acryl concrete, viscosity, compressive strength and bending tests were conducted. The optimum mixture design was then determined based on the testing results. Several different types of laboratory tests, such as water and chlorine ion penetration tests, shrinkage and thermal coefficients tests, and tensile bonding strength tests were performed for the optimum acryl concrete and conventional cement concrete. The testing results show that water and chroline ion resistance, bonding strength between acryl and cement concrete and crack resistance of the acryl concrete is better than those of the conventional cement concrete. There are shortcomings that the conventional acryl concrete has a higher shrinkage and thermal coefficients. However, it was confirmed that to use newly developed rubberized MMA resin in this study reduces the crack resistance with substantially increased ductility.