• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 2008

Nokwon, a new cultivar for vegetable soybean, was developed from the cross between Keunolkong and Hyangnam-1 and released in 2006. The pedigree of Nokwon, designated as Milyang 153 in 2003, was SS96425-2B-11-4-1-1-1. Nokwon, used as a vegetable soybean was characterized by dark green pod, large seed, very short plant height, and lodging resistance. Nokwon has determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, oval leaf shape and brown pods at maturity. The mature seeds have a greenish yellow seed coat with brown hilum and yellow cotyledon. In Korea, Regional Yield Trials (RYT) for vegetable soybean from 2004 to 2006, Nokwon shows strong tolerance to soybean mosaic virus and lodging in fields. Fresh pods of Nokwon harvested at the beginning of August, and stem height was 11cm shorter than 45 cm of Hwaeomputkong. In the same tests, fresh pod of Nokwon (11.4 ton/ha) yielded 14% higher than Hwaeomputkong (10.0 ton/ha). Nokwon had 5.9 cm fresh pod length, 13.1 mm fresh pod width, 75.4 g seed weight per 100 green seed, 39.4% green seed protein content, and 17.3% green seed oil content.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.668-673
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Heugseong' was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Heugseong' was selected from the cross between 'Gnome85', showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance, and high yield, and 'Cheongja', showing green cotyledon, and black seed coat. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for this cultivar were carried out from 2004 to 2008. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, elongated seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.2 grams per 100 seeds). It was 4 days later in maturity than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. 'Heugseong' was better than the check cultivar in the seed quality of isoflavone contents(1,913 ${\mu}g/g$). It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness, for physics of black tofu, and for fermented black soybean paste. The average yield of 'Heugseong' was 2.37 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in six locations of Korea from 2006 to 2008.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.684-689
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• 2010

'Sangwon', a new cultivar for vegetable soybean, was developed from the cross between 'Keunolkong' and 'Oshimamidori', and was released at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. The goal to develop a vegetable soybean cultivar with green pod, early maturity, large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV). 'Sangwon' has light green pod, early maturity, large seed, short plant height, and lodging tolerance. 'Sangwon' has determinate growth habit, white flower, gray pubescence, and oval leaf shape. The matured seeds have a yellow seed coat with light brown hilum, and a yellow cotyledon. 'Sangwon' has 5.8 cm fresh pod length, 13.2mm fresh pod width, 69.5 g seed weight per 100 green seeds, 44.0% green seed protein content, and 14.8% green seed oil content. At the regional yield trials (RYT) for vegetable soybean from 2005 to 2007, 'Sangwon' shows strong resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and tolerance to lodging in fields. Fresh pods of 'Sangwon' were harvested at the beginning of August. In the same tests, fresh pod of 'Sangwon' (10.39ton/ha) yielded 5% higher than 'Hwaeomputkong' (9.90ton/ha).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2011

Food security has been a main global issue due to climate changes and growing world population expected to 9 billion by 2050. While biodiversity is becoming more highlight, breeders are confronting shortage of various genetic materials needed for new variety to tackle food shortage challenge. Though biotechnology is still under debate on potential risk to human and environment, it is considered as one of alternative tools to address food supply issue for its potential to create a number of variations in genetic resource. The new technology, phenomics, is developing to improve efficiency of crop improvement. Phenomics is concerned with the measurement of phenomes which are the physical, morphological, physiological and/or biochemical traits of organisms as they change in response to genetic mutation and environmental influences. It can be served to provide better understanding of phenotypes at whole plant. For last decades, high-throughput screening (HTS) systems have been developed to measure phenomes, rapidly and quantitatively. Imaging technology such as thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging systems is an area of HTS which has been used in agriculture. In this article, we review the current statues of high-throughput screening system in phenomics and its application for crop improvement.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Daeheug', was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. The breeding goal for black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Daeheug' was selected from the cross between 'Daehwang' which had yellow seed coat, large seed size, and late maturity, and 'Milyang 79' which was lodging tolerant, and SMV resistant with medium seed size, black seed coat, and yellow cotyledon. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this cultivar were carried out from 2003 to 2007. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, spherical flattened seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (34.3 g/100 seeds). In maturity, 'Daeheug' was 2 days later than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. In the seed quality such as isoflavone contents ($635{\mu}g/g$), and anthocyanin contents ($11.2m{\ell}/g$ of seed coat), 'Daeheug' was better than the check cultivar. It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness. Specially, it has good processability for soybean tea with 2.13 absorbance at 530 nm, scavenge activity of DPPH radical was high, and contents of total phenolics was $1,263{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The average yield of 'Daeheug' was 2.26 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out in six locations of Korea from 2005 to 2007.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2019

The establishment rate of foxtail millet seeds is greatly affected by soil environment conditions. To enhance germination viability and stable production of foxtail millet seeds, it is important to select seeds with a high density. Therefore, this study tested the selection of high-quality seeds using salt solution (specific gravity: 1.000, 1.005, 1.010, 1.015, 1.020, 1.025, 1.030, 1.035, and $1.040g\;L^{-1}$) and investigated their germination rates, percentages of emergence, and seeding quality. In this study, three varieties were tested: 'Hwanggeum', 'Samdachal', and 'Kyeongkwan1'. The thousand seed weight of all three varieties increased proportionally with specific gravity. The highest thousand seed weight was observed at the selection with $1.040g\;L^{-1}$ specific gravity, which also had the highest germination rate of 88.3%, 86.7%, and 90.6%, for 'Hwanggeum'; 'Samdachal'; and 'Kyeongkwan1', respectively. The results of seeding quality indicated that higher the specific gravity during selection, the higher were the values of plant growth (plant height, leaf length, stem diameter, root length, root weight, and stem weight). All the three varieties were found to be longer or heavier for seeds selected at the specific gravity of $1.040g\;L^{-1}$. The packing germination viability investigation found that higher the specific gravity for selection of seeds, the higher was the percentage of emergence (PE) and the emergence rate index (ERI). The PE was the highest for seeds selected at $1.040g\;L^{-1}$ specific gravity (85.3, 83.0, and 87.0%), and ERI was also as high as $2.82d^{-1}\;m^{-1}$ or more at $1.040g\;L^{-1}$. Selection of seeds with salt solution resulted in high germination viability of foxtail millet. Therefore, sowing seeds selected at $1.040g\;L^{-1}$ specific gravity is expected to help substantially in increased productivity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

This study investigated the quality changes in whole super sweet corn during thermal processing to extend its shelf-life. To minimize the reduction of unique texture of whole sweet corn after the sterilization, the alcohol sanitation applied and the cold point of a whole corn ear was determined using a computer simulation. The cold point was located between the corn kernel and the cob. The microorganisms on the surface of sweet corn were reduced by more than 1 log CFU/g after alcohol sanitation, then the whole corn was treated to satisfy the degree of sterilization ($F_{121.1}=4$). The quality of sterilized sweet corn was compared with the control that was treated with steaming. The quality changes of sterilized sweet corn during storage were monitored for 9 months at $25^{\circ}C$. The hardness was maintained within 30% of its initial value. The minimum of hardness was $464.50{\pm}103.35g$ and maximum of hardness was $514.50{\pm}81.83g$. The differences in the sugar content among the samples were found, but the sugar content of corn kernel remained within 30% of the control, ranging from $28.83{\pm}1.05$ to $34.36{\pm}0.42%$. The yellowness was higher than that of control by 5%. The maximum value of yellowness was $34.36{\pm}0.42$. The general bacteria and molds and yeasts in corn kernel stored at $25^{\circ}C$ were not detected after 9 months of storage at $25^{\circ}C$. Therefore, in this study, we have demonstrated that the thermal sterilized method extends the shelf-life of whole sweet corn with minimizing its quality changes over 6 months in room temperature.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.35-42
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• 1980

To establish a generation acceleration technique, two crops a year at field condition of Suweon, 10 varieties different in their spring growth habit were tested with 6 different seeding time after harvesting. These materials were harvested on June 10, 19, 79 and tested for their seed production ability at varions seeding time from July I I to August 15 with a week interval. An immatured seed germination technique and green vernalization methods were applied in cycling generations and the results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. In summer growing, seedlings establishment after transplanting was better in earlier transplanting. 2. Heading time was remarkably enhanced by earlier transplanting. Considering the results of two years early or mid of July was the suitable time to plant the second summer crop. 3. Those varieties of spring growth habit expressed little variations in plant height among the varieties. In 1978 which is referred as warm year produced plant height as tall as 8-16cm and poor crop but produced good crop with 25-65cm plant height in 1979. 4. No definit tendency in the length of spike was. observed among the cultivars but longer spike was found in winter wheat compared to the spring. 5. Number of spikes per plant was ranged from 1 to 3 regardless the transplanting time in 1979. However, more spikes per plant were produced in early or mid of July transplanting and those varieties of higher growth habit than V did not produces any spikes. 6. Higher number of grains per spike was found at earlier transplanted varieties. Therefore, it is concluded that those materials of I-IV growth habit with mid or early July transplanting would be suitable in practical sense considering their ability of seed production. 7. Two-year results indicated that wheat crop can not tolerate the temperature level higher than average 32$^{\circ}C$ C at Suweon. In this regard, the cultivation schedule was established assuming average temperature condition like the year of 1979 which was possible to grow wheats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.195-205
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• 1985

As a part of investigation to use the Anatrctic krill, Euphausia superba, more effectively as a food source, processing conditions, utilizations and storage stability of krill paste (intermediate product of krill) were examined and also chemical compositions of krill paste were analyzed. Frozen raw krill was chopped, agitated with $25\%$ of water to the minced krill and then centrifuged to separate the liquid fraction from the residue. This liquid fraction was heated at $98^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. to coagulate the proteins of krill, and it was filtered to separate the protein fraction. Krill paste was prepared with grinding the protein fraction, adding $0.2\%$ of polyphosphate and $0.3\%$ of sodium erythorbate to the krill paste for enhancing of functional properties and quality stability. The krill paste was packed in a carton box, and then stored at $-30^{\circ}C$. Chemical compositions of krill paste were as follows : moisture $78\%$, crude protein $12.9\%$, crude lipid $5.9\%$, and the contents of hazardous elements of krill paste as Hg 0.001 ppm, Cd 1.15 ppm, Zn 9.1 ppm, Pb 0.63 ppm and Cu 11.38ppm were safe for food. The amino acid compositions of krill paste showed relatively high amount of taurine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine and arginine, which occupied $55\%$ of total amino acid and also taurine, lysine, glycine, arginine and proline were occupied $65\%$ of total free amino acid. Fatty acid compositions of krill paste consist of $32.4\%$ of saturated fatty acid, $29.6\%$ of monoenoic acid and $38.0\%$ of polyenoic acid, and major fatty acids of product were eicosapentaenoic acid ($17.8\%$), oleic acid ($16.9\%$), palmitic acid ($15.3\%$), myristic acid ($8.7\%$) and docosahexaenoic acid ($8.4\%$). In case of procssing of fish sausage as one of experiment for krill paste use, Alaska pollack fish meat paste could be substituted with the krill paste up to $30\%$ without any significant defect in taste and texture of fish sausage, and the color of fish sausage could be maintained by the color of krill paste. Judging from the results of chemical and microbial experiments during frozen storage, the quality of krill paste could be preserved in good condition for 100 days at $-39^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.496-503
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• 2019

The soybean cultivar, 'Saegeum', has been developed for preparing soy-paste and tofu. The soybean cultivars 'Daepung' and 'SS98207-3SSD-168' were crossed in 2003 to obtain 'Saegeum'. Single seed descent method was used to advance the generation from F₃ to F₅, and the plant lines with promising traits were selected from F₆ to F₇ by pedigree method. The preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and the regional yield trial (RYT) was conducted in 12 regions between 2011 and 2013. The morphological characteristics of 'Saegeum' were as follows: determinate plant type, white flower, tawny pubescence color, and brown pod color. Flowering and maturity dates were August 2, XXXX and October 17, XXXX, respectively. Plant height, first pod height, number of nodes, number of branches, and number of pods were 79 cm, 18 cm, 16, 2.3, and 44, respectively. The seed characteristics of 'Saegeum' were as follows: yellow spherical shape, yellow hilum, and the 100-seed weight was 25.4 g. 'Saegeum' was resistant to bacterial pustule and SMV in the field test, and its lodging resistance was mildly strong, whereas its shattering resistance was excellent. The ability of this cultivar to be processed into tofu, soybean malt, and other fermented products was comparable with that of 'Daewonkong'. The yield of 'Saegeum' in the adaptable regions was 3.02 ton ha^-1. Thus, 'Saegeum' is adaptable to mechanized harvesting because of its high first pod height, as well as lodging and shattering resistance. (Registration number: 5929)