• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 1998

1990년 이래로 대만에서는 노동력 부족을 해결하고 작업환경을 개선하기 위해서 계량, 건조,취급, 저장, 통풍, 제현, 도정 및 포장 등을 포함하는 벼 수확 후 처리 체계의 자동화를 진행시켜 왔다. 벼 수확 후 기계처리 체계의 자동화는 1990년을 시작으로 1995년에 완결된 5개년 연구계획으로 선정되었었다. 1995년 이후에는 21세기 초 대만의 벼 수확 후 처리 체계의 자동화를 한 등급 올리고 완결한다는 목표를 이루기 위해서 또 다른 5개년 진흥 프로젝트가 수행되고 있는 중이다. 벼 수확 후 처리에 있어서 완전한 자동화를 이루기 위해서는 관리체계, 벼의 수매체계, 그리고 처리체계 등이 효과적으로 통합되어져야만 한다. 이 논문은 대만의 벼 수확 후 처리체계의 자동화에 대한 최신의 정보를 기술하고 있다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1125-1131
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to establish an evaluation criteria for pavement condition in bicycle road. The suggested criteria would help in the activation policy of bicycle use. The conventional evaluation criteria is difficult to be applied for the bicycle road since the bicycle road is sensitive to changes in the driving environments such as obstacles and bumps. This study presents the evaluation criteria that is suitable for bicycle road. The criteria was suggested in 5 grades through the impact acceleration range of RMSI (Road Monitoring System using ICT). The grades of the criteria are divided into a range of grade A to E. The grade A is a very good condition, while the grade E is a state that requires immediate maintenance. This study were confirmed the validity through the survey of user's satisfaction. According to the results of survey, the grade A was shown correlation of 91%. The grade E requiring immediate repair was presented correlation of 94%. It showed that the results of surveying the bicycle road users are highly correlated with the suggested criteria for pavement condition. It showed that the criteria are highly correlated with the survey results. Suggested criteria using the RMSI is expected to be effective for maintenance of the bicycle road. In addition, it is expected to ensure the serviceability and safety for the bicycle users.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2000

This study is to investigate and to suggest the most efficient roach standardization that is performed and is preferred by consumers to provide benefits for all of them. The data was collected to obtain information about peach standardization consumption and consumer preference, and marketing situation by using interviews from peach producers, wholesaler and retailer, and consumers for three years (1997-1999). The most important standardization criterion at present was found to be a weight among peach producers, a color among wholesaler and retailer and consumers. In addition, sweetness was ranked first among the producers, wholesalers and retailers, and consumer if sweetness were detected without running peaches. Especially, consumers preferred to purchase small amount with small package and presented sweetness as the most preferred criterion. Thus, it is necessary for peach producers, wholesaler and retailers, and consumers to establish the small package standard and to subdivide the present system into several grades for performing the two-way system which labels grade with sweetness and weight.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.5 no.3 s.17
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• pp.21-29
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• 2003

The management of existing airfield pavement information has currently become difficult and the maintenance cost has increased over time due to the long-term performance. It is needed to develop the method for effective budget allocation and systematic airfield pavement management services. The objectives of this paper are to introduce Micro PAVER, one of the popular pavement management systems, into our management system and customize Micro PAVER based on our environment and pavement management level. This study focused on the analysis on logics and structures of Micro PAVER and customization of important parts in the program using the existing pavement evaluation data and survey method. Customized items selected in this study included the pavement deterioration prediction models, critical PCI, maintenance cost by PCI, maintenance or rehabilitation method and unit cost, and PCI rank.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2003

고품질 쌀 생산을 위하여 우리나라의 농가 및 미곡종합처리장의 벼 수확후 품질관리 현황 실태를 조사하여 일본, 미국, 중국 둥의 현황과 비교하였다. 중국의 경우 벼 수확은 대부분 인력에 의존하고 있으며, 일본은 산물형 콤바인 그리고 미국은 대형산물 콤바인에 의한 적기수확을 하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에는 콤바인이 부족하고 벼 수확시기는 콤바인 운영자의 일정에 따라 결정되고 있으며 습논, 소면적 재배 논은 수확이 늦어져 적기 수확이 못되고 있는 실정이다. 한편 일본은 라이스센터, 컨트리엘레베타, 드라이스토아 등의 지원으로 적기 수확이 가능하고 건조기 건조율도 90%이상 2단계 상온 통풍체계로 수분함량 14.5~15.5%를 유지하고 있다. 우리나라를 제외한 일본, 중국, 미국의 저장시설은 대부분 대형저장 사이로에서 품종별, 산지별, 등급별로 구분한 저온저장 시스템을 갖추어 품질을 유지하고 있었다. 또한 도정시설도 고품질 도정시설을 완비하고 있으며 제현이나 정미과정에 색채선별기, 금속검출기, 활성화 장치 및 입형분리기 등을 통하여 불완전미가 제거하는 등 수확후 관리에 철저를 기하고 있다. 쌀의 등급화 및 유통과정를 보면 일본, 중국, 미국 등은 대부분이 품종, 산지 및 등급별로 브랜드화 하여 차별화 된 가격으로 판매되고 있으며 포장지에 쌀에 대한 정보를 최대한 표시하여 소비자가 선택하는데 도움이 되게 하여 유통되고 있다.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.3 no.2 s.8
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• pp.113-121
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• 2001

Among the currently available binder specifications, Superpave Performance Grade asphalt specification is regarded as a superior specification on its theoretical background as well as pavement performance relationship. Many difficulties are expected; however, for Superpave implementation in Korea because of heavy burden of equipment cost as well as lack of trained personnel in asphalt industry, which may too much barrier to overcome in Korean situation. As an effort to improve qualify of asphalt binder, recently, people discuss about a possibility of constituting a performance-based asphalt specification using rather easy-to-measure asphalt properties. The objective of this paper is to determine the possibility of constituting a performance-based asphalt specification using an empirical asphalt properties, such as penetration ring and ball softening point rather than using fundamental properties of asphalt. Nine straight asphalts, that covers entire straight asphalt from all Korean refineries, and eighteen modified asphalts that were modified from two modifiers were included in the study. An analysis was made through a comparison between empirical properties and Superpave PG criteria. This study concluded that it may possible to constitute a pseudo-Superpave-like specification using an empirical asphalt properties as a specification criteria. Therefore, more systematic research is needed to constitute the asphalt specification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.42-47
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• 2002

가. 작업별 시험결과 1) 마늘쪽 분리·선별작업 o 마늘쪽 분리기는 통마늘을 1 또는 2∼3쪽으로 분리하여 1차 선별하고, 마늘쪽 선별기는 분리된 마늘을 3단계로 선별되며 작업성능은 시간당 60접 이상을 분리 및 선별할 수 있다. o 개발된 마늘쪽 분리기와 선별기는 소형 경량이며 취급조작이 편리한 기종하고 작업성능이 높고 손상률이 적어 '01년도에 60대가 농가 보급되었으며 '02년도에는 확대 보급될 전망이다. 2) 파종작업 o 작업성능은 경운기용 파종기 2시간/10a, 승용관리기용 직립파종기는 1시간/10a으로 능률적이었으며 작업정도와 생육상태가 양호하였다. o 지역별 파종작업 체계 -난지형 마늘 파종은 직립파종을 하며 제주, 남해 등은 마늘을 파종한 후 10-11월 줄기가 자랐을 때 무공비닐을 피복하고 줄기를 유인하며, 무안은 유공비닐을 피복하고 구멍에 마늘의 1/2 또는 2/3만 묻히도록 파종하며 별도의 줄기유인 작업은 하지 않는다. 의성지역의 한지형 마늘은 트랙터로 쇄토정지후 보행관리기로 골을 내고 인력으로 마늘을 놓으면 관리기가 다음 골을 내면서 복토하는 체계이다. 3) 마늘 수확작업 -마늘 수확기는 난지형 마늘 수확에는 효과가 적으나, 한지형과 같이 깊게 파종하여 인력으로 뽑기 어려운 재배지역에서는 필요한 기종이며, 토양수분이 많으면 굴취된 마늘과 혼이 진동판에 걸려 작업상태가 불량하므로 마늘과 흙의 이송이 원활토록 진동판 형상 및 적정 진폭 구명이 요구됨 4) 마늘줄기 절단작업 -난지형 마늘은 포장에서 건조후 단기간(1-2주)내에 줄기절단을 해야하므로 기계환가 시급하나 한지형 마늘은 아직도 대부분 줄기를 자르지 않고 묶어서 판매하고 있어 기계화의 시급도는 떨어짐 5) 마늘 선별작업 -마늘선별기는 작업성능이 높고 5등급으로 균일 선별되었으며 손상도 없었으나, 기계가 크고 무거워 이동이 곤란하고 가격이 비싸므로 선별등급을 3∼4단계로 줄이고 소형 농가보급형으로 개량제작이 요구됨. 나. 마늘재배 일관기계화에 의한 노동투하시간과 비용 -종자준비부터 통마늘선별까지의 일관기계화로 투입된 주요작업의 노력은 75∼76%가 절감되고, 재배규모 3ha기준시 비용은 44-53%절감되었음.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.11-24
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• 2010

The main focus of this research is the establishment of a systemic evaluation model based on objective evaluation indices, which are drawn to assess the experiencing of nature and recreational value at the level of the district unit. First of all, as a result of a literature review, a total of 10 indices can be drawn including vegetation structure, pavement rate, and hemeroby to evaluate an assessment of natural experiences and recreational value. Also, as a result of expert survey analysis, all evaluation index items were above 4.4, which is a high importance average. Hemeroby and unique landscape factor items in particular were above 5.8, which is very high. In addition, as a result of implementing a factor analysis to classify evaluation indices according to characteristics, three factors arise: 'landscape structure and quality of natural experience', 'typical availability', and 'quality of aesthetic and visual sense.' Based on the above survey analysis results, the 'quality of aesthetic and visual sense' was the highest, at 3.510. The classification 'landscape structure and quality of natural experience' was the lowest, at 3.035. A systemic value evaluation model was established by comprehensively analyzing these results. To verify the validity of the evaluation model drawn, real sites are selected and applied. First of all, as a result of a biotope types classification of sites, biotope type groups are classified into a total of 13 including the stream biotope while its subordinate biotope types are classified into a total of 61 groups. Lastly, as a result of biotope value evaluation, which was a previously established evaluation model, there are a total of 16 types including vegetation-abundant natural rivers and small-scale woodlands near forests in grade I. There are 9 types in grade II, 8 in grade III, 8 in grade IV, 19 in the least-valuable grade V.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.156-168
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• 2012

Chrysanthemum is a cut flower species that normally lasts for 1 to 2 weeks, in some cases 3-4 weeks. This has been attributed to low ethylene production during senescence. Reduction in cut flower quality has been attributed to the formation of air embolisms that partially or completely blocks the water transport from the vase solution to the rest of the cut flower stem, increasing hydraulic resistance which may cause severe water stress, yellowing, wilting of leaf, and chlorophyll degradation. Standard type chrysanthemum can be harvested when buds were still tightly closed and then fully opened with the simple bud-opening solution. Standard type chrysanthemum can also be harvested when the minimum size of the inflorescence is about 5-6 cm bud which opened into the first flower full-sized flower. While spray varieties can be harvested when 2-4 most mature flowers have opened (40% opening). Cut flowers are sorted by stem length, weight, condition, and so on. Standard chrysanthemum is 80 cm length for standard type and 70cm for spray type. Pre-treatment with a STS, plant regulator such as GA, BA, 1-MCP, chrysal, germicide, and sucrose, significantly improved the vase life and quality of cut flowers. It is well established that vase solutions containing sugar can improve the vase life of cut chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum is normally packed in standard horizontal fiberboard boxes. Chrysanthemum should normally be stored at $5{\sim}7^{\circ}C$. Precooling resulted in reduction in respiration, decomposition, and transpiration activities as well as decoloration retardation. There was significant difference between "wet" storage in 3 weeks and "dry" storage in 2 weeks. In separate pulsing solution trials, various germicides were tested, as well as PGRs to maintain the green color of leaves and turgidity. Prolonging vase life was attained with the application of optimal solution such as HQS, $AgNO_3$, GA, BA and sucrose. This also retarded senescence in leaves of cut flower stems. Fresh cut chrysanthemum can be transported using a refrigerated van with $5{\sim}7^{\circ}C$. Increasing consumption and usage of cut chrysanthemum of various cultivars would require efficient transport system, and effective information exchange among producer, wholesaler, and consumer.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-127
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• 1989

Although poultry industry in Japan has been much developed in recent years, it still needs to be developed , compared with developed countries. Since the poultry market in Korea is expected to be opened in the near future it is necessary to maximize the Productivity to reduce the production costs and to develop the scientific, technologies and management organization systems for the improvement of the quality in poultry production. Followings ale the summary of poultry industry in Japan. 1. Poultry industry in Japan is almost specized and commercialized and its management system is ： integrated, cooperative and developed to industrialized intensive style. Therefore, they have competitive power in the international poultry markets. 2. Average egg weight is 48-50g per day (Max. 54g) and feed requirement is 2. 1-2. 3. 3. The management organization system is specialized and farmers in small scale form complex and farmers in large scale are integrated.