• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.201-209
• /
• 2014

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) is a respiratory disease caused by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. In this paper, we proposed the optical flow method to analyze the upper airway dynamic changes during respiration for children with OSAS and control subjects. We compared the absolute value of difference between inspiration and expiration for airway area analysis method and optical flow method for 5 children with OSAS and 6 control subjects. From the statistical analysis, airway area analysis method and optical flow method are statistically significant at the 0.1 (p value is 0.0977) and 0.01 (p value is 0.0011) significance level respectively. From this simulations, the optical flow method could provide more accurate information to diagnose the OSAS patients than the traditional airway area analysis method.

• 건강소식
• /
• v.36 no.12
• /
• pp.22-24
• /
• 2012

한국인의 사망 원인 1위는 단연 암이다. 간혹 자살이 그 순위를 넘보기는 하지만. 그런데 최근 몇 년 새 이를 맹추격하는 강적이 나타났다. 그 이름도 생소한 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환. 이름 그대로 오랜 기간 폐를 못살게 구는 병으로 담배가 가장 큰 주범이다. 노년기가 무한대로 늘어난 고령화 시대, 팔팔한 40대부터 병상을 차지하고 싶지 않다면 지금부터 시작해야 한다, 진실한 금연 생활을!

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.138-138
• /
• 2019

진해 용원해역은 부산 신항 개발사업의 일환으로 추진된 북 부두조성 사업 및 항만 배후단지 조성사업으로 전면 해역이 매립되어 원활한 해수흐름이 차단되고 송정천 하구 지점의 견마도 북쪽 통로를 이용한 선박이동만이 가능한 좁고 긴 수로형태로 변형된 국내에서 이례적인 폐쇄성 수역으로 변형되었다. 용원수로의 평균 너비는 약 100 m, 길이는 3,600 m정도로 세장비가 아주 큰 수로에 해당되며, 용원수로의 조석 유입유출은 뚜렷한 일차원적 흐름으로 간주할 수 있으며 입구에서 용원수로 내부로 갈수록 조석유입은 점진적으로 감소하여 흐름이 정체되는 양상을 보이고 있다. 이로 인한 지형적, 물리적 특성 때문에 외해와의 해수교환이 제한되어 적은 양의 오염물질이 유입되어도 유입부하가 지속될 경우 수로 바닥에 축적될 가능성이 매우 크며, 이는 수질에 대한 악영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 따라서 폐쇄성 수역인 용원수로를 장기간 모니터링하고 수질에 끼치는 영향을 파악하여 적절한 관리방안을 마련하는 것이 중요하다고 볼 수 있으며, 본 연구에서는 과거 축적된 수환경 자료와 실제로 용원수로 내에서 측정된 자료들을 기반으로 수질변화에 대한 시 공간적인 양상을 분석하였다. 또한 용원수로로 유입되는 토구를 전수조사하고, 강우시와 비강우시 토구 모니터링을 통해 육상에서 기인하는 오염원을 분석하였으며, 용원수로 내에 유입된 오염물질 거동 분석을 위해 추적자 실험을 실시하였다. 특히 용원수로 내 오염도가 높은 내측지점에서 추적자 투입하여 드론 영상을 통해 그 거동을 분석하고, 수로 내로 유입되는 오염원을 조사하여 폐쇄성 정체수역에서의 수질영향을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 용원수로 내 수질영향에 대한 관리방안을 모색하고자 하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.120-128
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study is a retrospective descriptive study to investigate the factors affecting sleep quality of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) patients. Methods: Data were collected from questionnaires and electronic medical records of 176 patients with obstructive sleep apnea were reviewed from 2017 to 2018. The collected data was analyzed into descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 49.37 years and 94.4%(n=166) had low sleep quality. The quality of sleep of the OSA patients had correlations with daytime sleepiness, and depression. The significant factors influencing quality of sleep were Gender(${\beta}=.18$, p<.004), depression(${\beta}=.50$, p<.001), dry mouth (${\beta}=.15$, p<.016), Headache(${\beta}=.17$, p<.008), explained 37.1% of the variance. Conclusion: To improve their sleep quality, required for OSA patients who have the depression, daytime sleepiness.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.600-612
• /
• 1996

Background : Recent studies deported that untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome had high long-term mortality rates, and cardiovascular complications of these patients clad a major effect on mortality. Several data indicates that obstructive sheep apnea syndrome contributes to the development of diurnal systemic hypertension. But the pathophysiological mechanism of the development of systemic hypertension in these patients is still uncertain. This study was performed to evaluate the possible role of sympathetic nervous system activity for the development of systemic hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Method : 35 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) and 13 Control subjects(control) were included in this study. 21 patients of OSAS were normotensives(OSAS-NBP), and 14 patients of OSAS were hypertensives(OSAS-HBP). Full night polysomnography was undertaken to all subjects. We measured plasma norepinephrine(NE) and epinephrine(EP) concentrations during waking and sleep, using high performance liquid chromatography, in all patients and control subjects. Results : In OSAS, OSAS-NBP and control, plasma NE and EP concentrations during sleep were lowed than during waking(p<0.01). But, in OSAS-HBP, these was no difference between during waking and sleep. Plasma NE concentrations during sleep of OSAS, OSAS-NBP and OSAS-HBP were higher than Control(p<0.05). In OSAS-HBP, daytime systolic blood pressure correlated with plasma NE concentration during sleep(r=0.7415, p<0.01), arid correlated inversely with mean arterial oxygen saturation(r=-0.6465, p<0.05) or arterial oxygen saturation nadir(r=-0.6) 14, p<0.05) during sleep. Conclusion : The sympathetic activity during sleep of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients was higher than control subjects. In obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with systemic hypertension, there was no diurnal variation of sympathetic activity, and there was correlation between daytime systolic blood pressure and sympathetic activity during sleep. These data suggests that chronic hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system may contribute to the development of diurnal systemic hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.11
• /
• pp.433-444
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to identify relationships between lung function disorders and Metabolic Syndrome(MetS) that have common comorbidities such as Cardio Vascular Diseases(CVD). According to the hypothesis that there may be a significant relationship between them, analyses were conducted to identify the proper management point for those diseases. Overall, 53,829 data were taken from KNHANES 2008-2013. Included data were PFT(Pulmonary Function Test) done and age over 40. All the 14 confounders applied, only 8,137 cases (M:3,951, F:4,186) were left. Low pulmonary function was divided into two categories, obstructive and restrictive patterns, based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD) criteria, while MetS was defined based on the revised NCEP-ATPIII criteria. The relationships between those diseases were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. In addition, for the prevalence rate, cross-tab analysis were conducted. There were no significant relationships observed between obstructive lung disease and MetS, but a restrictive pattern had a meaningful relationship with MetS. Specifically, MetS showed a higher prevalence rate for both obstructive and restrictive pattern patients than the control group. Restrictive pattern patients showed a higher prevalence rate to MetS than obstructive patients. Overall, restrictive lung patterns showed a meaningful association with MetS, but not with obstructive patterns. Additionally, the prevalence rate of MetS among restrictive patients was higher than among obstructive patients.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.3-16
• /
• 2020

Most of the Korean apartment complexes are considered as gated communities having characteristics such as self-sufficiency in service provision, self-governance and exclusiveness. Today the exclusionary features of apartment complexes are reinforced by a new practice of erecting gates against pedestrians in addition to the existing walls without considering implication of the practice over neighborhoods. Three groups of residents, those who live in low-rise residential areas without walls, apartment complexes with walls and apartment complexes with walls and gates were surveyed to measure the impact of the new exclusionary practice of gated communities on social sustainability of neighborhoods. Gates turn out to improve social sustainability indicators related to life quality but lower social cohesion of neighborhoods by lowering inclusiveness indicator considerably. The new apartment complexes with increased exclusiveness shake the established order of co-existence between low-rise residential areas and apartment complexes and strengthen spatial and social segregation within neighborhoods.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2001

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is common and may produce various symptoms and serious complications. A substantial number of research articles on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome have been published in Korea. However, we found such limitations as lack of sufficient sample size and lack of polysomnography-proven cases. Therefore, we aimed at studying clinical features and sleep structure in a sufficient number of Korean patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome diagnostically confirmed with polysomnography. Methods: We studied 801 subjects referred to the Division of Sleep Studies, Seoul National University Hospital, who were diagnosed as having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with polysomnography. Subjects were excluded if they had central sleep apnea syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, narcolepsy or REM sleep behavior disorder. Foreign patients were also excluded. First of all, we studied the clinical features of the subjects. Secondly, we compared sleep-related parameters of the study subjects with those of age/sex-matched normal values. Thirdly, correlations of respiratory disturbance index (RDI) with each of the sleep-related parameters were calculated. Results: Among the 801 subjects, 668 were male subjects (83.4%) and 133 female subjects (16.4%). Their mean age was 46.6 years (${\pm}13.5$). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.8 (${\pm}3.8$) and subjects with BMI was over 28.0 accounted for 22.8% of the total. Fifty subjects (6.2%) were found to take benzodiazepines. Mean RDI and mean nocturnal oxygen saturation of all subjects was 31.2 (${\pm}24.4$) and 94.5% (${\pm}3.6$), respectively. In comparison with normal values, the subjects showed longer sleep latency, lower sleep efficiency, decreased total slow wave sleep % (TSWS %), and decreased total REM sleep % (TREM %)(p<0.01 in all). RDI had a negative correlation with each TSWS % and TREM % (p<0.01, p<0.01). However, RDI did not have significant correlation with either sleep latency or sleep efficiency. Conclusion: In this study, 6.2% of patients diagnosed as having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were found to take benzodiazepines, although they are generally considered to be of litte benefit or even dangerous because of the respiratory suppressing effect. The proportion of obese subjects was only 22.8% and Korean patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome seem to be less obese than those described in foreign journals. This study also suggests that the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may have a more significant effect on sleep architecture defined as TSWS % and TREM % than on sleep efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 1999

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Tc-99m DTPA diuretic renal scans in children with dilated upper urinary tract. Materials and Methods: We reviewed diuretic renal scans of 14 pediatric patients (age range: 3 days to 4 years) with unilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed by ultrasonography. Diuretic renal scan was done using Tc-99m DTPA and standardized protocol. In 3 neonates, diuretic renal scans were performed within 1 week and 3-7 months after birth. Results: Six patients required Pyeloplasty and eight were managed conservatively. All 6 patients requiring Pyeloplasty were diagnosed as having ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the diuretic renal scan. In these 6 patients, post-operative renal scans at 3-12 months after surgery were converted to nonobstructive pattern in 5 and a nonfunctioning pattern in 1. In 3 patients who underwent diuretic renal scan within 1 week after birth, nonobstructive patterns of initial scan were converted to obstructive patterns in the follow-up scan. However, all patients with nonobstructive diuretic renal scans performed after the neonatal period did well on serial ultrasonography and showed favorable clinical outcome without progression to obstruction. Conclusion: Tc-99m DTPA diuretic renal scan with standardized protocol is useful in assessing suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children as an initial diagnostic or post-operative follow-up modality. Nonobstructive or indeterminate scan results in the neonatal period requires follow-up scan to monitor development of the obstructive pattern.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.263-273
• /
• 2002

This paper presents desirable water environmental management to a closed watershed. In order to obtain spatially distributed environmental information, GIS data have been used. Elevation data are used to extract stream channels automatically and to divide networks of a watershed. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been developed, validated, and adopted to estimate the runoff of total nitrogen pollutant from watershed. This GIS-linked model can be applied effectively to the watersheds with many sub-streams, and for the estimation of pollutant runoff considering land use change.