• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence rate of OSA in subjects whose main sleep complaint is insomnia and to find differential factors of OSA in these insomniac subjects. Method: We reviewed the medical records and polysomnographic findings of patients referred to the Sleep Laboratory at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1996 to December 2002. Four-hundred and seventy subjects complained of insomnia as their main sleep problem (235 males and 235 females, mean age $53.6{\pm}12.4\;years$). First, we investigated the prevalence rate of OSA in these insomniac patients. Second, we compared the clinical and demographic characteristics of the OSA-associated group with those of the non-associated group. Third, we examined whether the degree or presence of differential factors within the OSA group correlate with severity of OSA, as determined by the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). Results: Among 470 insomniac subjects, 125 subjects (26.6%) were diagnosed as OSA by nocturnal polysomnography. OSA-associated subjects were significantly older ($58.4{\pm}12.3\;years$ vs. $51.8{\pm}11.2\;years$, p<0.01), and had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) ($23.4{\pm}3.3\;kg/m^2$ vs. $22.5{\pm}3.1\;kg/m^2$, p=0.44) than non-associated subjects. The OSA-associated group had more subjects with male gender (64.0% vs. 44.9%, p<0.01), hypertension (20.0% vs. 9.3%, p<0.01) or snoring (96.0% vs. 63.5%, p<0.01). Within the OSA-associated group, age had a significant positive correlation with RDI (p=0.01). Conclusion: We found that a considerable portion of patients complaining of insomnia as their main sleep problem were diagnosed as OSA. Snoring, old age, male gender, obesity, and comorbid hypertension were found to be differential factors of OSA in insomniac patients. We suggest that diagnostic efforts including nocturnal polysomnography are needed for insomniac patients with any of the above risk factors of OSA.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 1994

만성 폐쇄성 폐질환(COPD)은 하부 기도 즉 말초기도의 지속적인 미만성 폐쇄로 인하여 불가역성 기류폐쇄를 나타내는 질환을 말하며, 임상적으로 만성 기관지염과 폐기종으로 분류할 수 있으나, 이들은 기능적으로나 병리적으로 서로 중첩되어 임상적으로 명확하게 구별할 수 없기 때문에 만성적, 비특이적으로 진행하는 기류폐쇄의 포괄적인 용어로 COPD를 사용한다. COPD의 특징적인 병리변화는 소기도 즉 막성 세기관지염과 호흡세기관지염이며, 호흡세기관지염을 동반하는 폐기종의 중증도가 기류폐쇄의 정도를 결정하는 중요한 인자로 작용한다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2009

Objective : This study was conducted to determine an association between aortic calcification viewed on plain chest radiography and obstructive coronary artery disease. Method : Retrospective review of all chest radiography obtained from consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. Chest PA images were reviewed by technical radiologist and radiologist. Considering the presence of aortic arch calcification, images were compared with the results of coronary angiography. In addition, the size of aortic arch calcification were divided into two groups - the smaller and the larger than 10 mm. Results : Among the total 846 patients, the number of the patients with obstructive coronary artery disease is total 417 (88.3%) in males and 312 (83.4%) in females. Considering the presence of aortic arch calcification, the positive predictive value of relation between aortic arch calcification and obstructive coronary artery disease was 91.4% and the relative risk of the group with aortic arch calcification to the opposite group was 1.10. According to the size of aortic arch calcification and obstructive coronary artery disease, the positive predictive value was 91.9% and the relative risk between two groups was 1.04. Conclusions : This study shows that aortic calcification was closely associated with obstructive coronary artery disease. If the aortic calcification is notified on plain chest radiography, we strongly recommend to consult with doctor.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2021

Sleep plays an important role in maintaining overall human health. There is increasing interest regarding the impact of sleep related disorders on metabolic diseases. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common health problem, and in the last decade, the emergence of increasing obesity rates has further led to a remarkable increase in the prevalence of OSA, along with more prominent metabolic diseases. Obesity is the strongest risk factor for OSA. However, OSA is also known to cause obesity, suggesting an interaction between OSA and obesity. Although the underlying mechanisms leading to OSA-induced metabolic diseases are probably multi-factorial and are yet to be fully elucidated, the activation of inflammation and oxidative stress and the dysregulation of appetite-regulating hormones have emerged as important pathophysiological components of metabolic dysfunction and obesity observed in patients with OSA. Here, we will review the current state of research regarding the association of OSA with metabolic diseases and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which OSA could lead to such diseases. This will enhance our understanding of the potential interactions between OSA and obesity and between OSA and metabolic dysfunction.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.164-173
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform gender-wise analysis of the related cephalometric factors affecting Korean patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: We examined 118 adults who had visited the Sleep Disorder Clinic Center in Keimyung university, Daegu, Korea, and evaluated them by using poly-somnography (PSG) and lateral cephalograms. The patients were divided into 4 groups (male simple snorers, male OSA patients, female simple snorers, and female OSA patients) according to AHI (apnea-hypopnea index) and sex. Results: The position of the hyoid bone in the female OSA group was inferior to that in the female simple snorer group. Multiple regression analysis showed that tongue length and soft palate width were significant determinants for the severity of AHI in male OSA patients. However, inferior position of the hyoid was a significant determinant only in women. Conclusions: From a cephalometric point of view, OSA in male and female adult patients may be characterized by different pathogeneses. In particular, in female OSA patients, they might be managed by individualized treatments such as hormone replacement therapy in addition to conventional treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.114-127
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), health behavior and sleep quality and to examine the predictors of OSA in patients with ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease. 141 patients who were admitted to the vascular unit were recruited and surveyed using structured questionnaires. Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2) was measured at three time points using a pulse oximeter. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0. The mean age of the subjects was $64.4{\pm}11.1$ years and 61% was men. The 21.3%(n=30) of the subjects were classified as high-risk for OSA by the cut point and 71.6%(n=101) had low sleep quality. OSA high-risk group showed significant difference in SpO2 in the middle of sleep (p=.006) and at the end of sleep (p=.004) compared to the low-risk group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that perceived frequent snoring, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise among health behavior were found as predicting factors on OSA. OSA or persistent snoring should be recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor in the cardiovascular nursing practice. In addition to early treatment of OSA, education and counseling should be provided to patients and their family for prevention of secondary recurrence.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2000

Objectives: Periodic limb movements in sleep(PLMS) is a moderately prevalent disorder, of which pathophysiology remains largely unknown. PLMS has been reported to be common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS), but reports on their relationship have been inconsistent in previous studies. Inconsistency of results may be attributable to insufficient number of the study subjects. We attempted to explore the influence of OSAS on PLMS in a large number of subjects. Methods: Three hundred and twenty subjects(M : F=192:128) with PLMS, as identified by the nocturnal polysomnography, were studied. Sample mean age was 53.1(SD=15.1) years and their mean periodic limb movement index(PLMI) is 25.2/hr (SD=24.8). PLMS subjects were divided into two groups, based on the presence or absence of OSAS. Periodic limb movement indices and sleep parameters between two groups were analyzed to evaluate the effects of OSAS on PLMS. Results: Each of PLMI and PLMI with arousal(PLMAI) correlated positively with age. PLMI of men was larger than that of women (p<0.01). The presence of comorbid OSAS independently had influence on PLMI(t=-2.20, p<0.05), but not PLMAI. There were no significant differences between the two groups in their PLMI, PLMAI and sleep parameters. However, the two groups differed in PLMI-correlated sleep parameters. In PLMS subjects with comorbid OSAS, PLMI was negatively correlated with each of slow wave sleep time and REM sleep time. In subjects without comorbid OSAS, PLMI was negatively correlated with sleep efficiency. Conclusion: PLMS patients with OSAS turned out to have increased PLMI than those without OSAS We suggest that OSAS patients may have subtle autonomic arousals and these arousals could, in part, express themselves as PLM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.1004-1005
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증 환자를 대상으로 착용의 불편함을 최소화하고 수면 중 지속적인 모니터링이 가능한 안대형 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증 검출시스템을 구현하였다. 이를 위하여 숙면을 돕기 위해서 착용하는 안대의 코 부근에 온도센서를 부착하여 실제 호흡에 따른 온도 변화를 감지하였다. 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증 환자의 경우 수면 중 불안정한 호흡이 온도의 변화로 반영되기 때문에 이를 검출하기 위함이다. 또한 검출된 온도 변화는 안대에 내장된 제어부 및 블루투스 모듈을 통해 스마트폰으로 전송되어진다. 전송된 데이터는 안드로이드 기반의 어플리케이션을 구현하여 실시간으로 모니터링이 가능하며, 구현된 어플리케이션은 위험상황 인지 및 알림, 일월별 관리 기능을 포함하고 있다. 구현된 시스템의 성능 평가를 위하여 대학생 5명을 대상으로 임의의 호흡 변화에 대한 실험 프로토콜을 작성하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 호흡을 중단하였을 시 온도 변화를 통해 검출이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.01a
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• pp.393-394
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• 2014

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증으로 인한 수면 중 잦은 각성은 수면의 질을 떨어뜨릴 뿐 아니라 졸음, 피로, 집중력 저하와 같은 주간 증상을 유발하게 되어 삶의 질을 떨어뜨리고 고혈압이나 부정맥 등과 같은 심각한 심폐질환 을 유발할 수 있다. 그러나 코골이와 달리 수면 무호흡증은 본인이나 타인에 의한 정확한 관측이나 진단이 어려워 전문병원에 입원하여 수면다원검사를 통하여 진단해야 하는 번거로움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 정밀하고 응답속도가 빠른 온습도 센서를 이용하여 호흡주기를 측정함으로서 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증을 진단하고 경보를 발생하는 휴대형 수면 무호흡 측정기의 설계 및 구현 기법을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.232-235
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• 2020

본 논문은 코골이 및 폐쇄성 무호흡 환자들의 수면의 질 향상을 위한 자세 교정 및 건강관리를 제공하는 스마트 침대를 제안한다. 기존 코골이 및 폐쇄성 무호흡 환자들을 위한 베개 및 자세변환 시스템은 코골이를 방지해 주거나, 혹은 폐쇄성 무호흡 환자들을 위한 용도로만 존재해왔다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사용자의 코골이, 폐쇄성 무호흡뿐만 아니라 개별적으로 존재하는 질병을 침대에서 사용자의 수면 상태 정보, 산소포화도, 뒤척임 정보를 수집하여 개인별 차별화된 자세를 추천 및 교정해준다. 또한 전용 애플리케이션의 건강 신호등 시스템으로 사용자에게 자신의 건강을 직관적으로 확인 시켜 줄 수 있다. 이를 통해 본 논문은 코골이로 인한 소음, 무호흡증을 완화하고 숙면을 돕는 서비스 개발을 목적으로 한다.