• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.514-519
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• 2009

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) plays a key role in monocyte /macrophage infiltration to the sub-endothelial space of the blood vessel wall, which is a critical initial step in atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined $interleukin-1{\bate}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) induced MCP1 expressions via activation of transcription factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ in primary human aorta smooth muscle cells. We determined the effect of several anti-inflammatory agents on $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ MCP1 expression. The pretreatment of luteolin significantly suppressed $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ MCP1 expressions through blocking activation and translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ to the nucleus.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

Cast shadow caused by an illumination condition can produce troublesome effects for face recognition system using reflectance image. Consequently, we need to separate cast shadow area from feature area for improvement of recognition accuracy. A Bilateral filter smooths image while preserving edges, by means of a nonlinear combination of nearby pixel values. Processing such characteristics, this method is suited to our purpose in illumination estimation process based on Retinex. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new illumination normalization method based on the Bilateral filter in face images. The proposed method produces a reflectance image that is preserved relatively exact cast shadow area, because coefficient of filter is designed to multiply proximity and discontinuity of pixels in input image. Performance of our method is measured by a recognition accuracy of principle component analysis(PCA) and evaluated to compare with other conventional illumination normalization methods.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.14-23
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• 2005

This paper proposes a method for matching two different images, especially satellite images. In the general image matching fields, when an image is compared to other image, they may have different properties on the size, contents, brightness, etc. If there is no noise in each image, in other words, they have identical pixel level and unchanged edges, the image matching method will be simple comparison between two images with pixel by pixel. However, in many applications, most of images to be matched should have much different properties. This paper proposes an efficient method for matching satellite images. This method is to match a raw satellite image with GCP chips. From this we can make a geometrically corrected image. The proposed method is based on wavelet transformation, not required any pre-processing such as histogram equalization, analysis of raw image like the traditional methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.80-87
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigate an enhancement method for Western epigraphic images, which is based on local statistics. Image data is partitioned into two regions, background and information. Statistical and functional analyses are proceeded for image modeling. The Western epigraphic images, for the most part, have shown the Gaussian distribution. It is clarified that each region can be differentiated statistically. The local normalization process algorithm is designed on this model. The parameter is extracted and it‘s properties are verified with the size of moving window. The spatial gray-level distribution is modified and regions are differentiated by adjusting parameter and the size of moving window. Local statistics are utilized for realization of the enhancement, so that difference between regions can be enhanced and noise or speckles of region can be smoothed. Experimental results are presented to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.284-294
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• 2018

Statistical methods have been widely used to estimate the remaining battery runtime of mobile smart devices, such as smart phones, smart gears, tablets, and etc. However, existing work available in the literature only considers a particular statistical method. Thus, it is difficult to determine whether statistical methods are applicable to estimating thr remaining battery runtime of mobile devices or not. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of statistical methods applicable to estimating the remaining battery runtime of mobile smart devices. The statistical estimation methods evaluated in this paper are as follows: simple and moving average, linear regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, auto regressive, polynomial curve fitting, and double and triple exponential smoothing methods. Research results presented in this paper give valuable data of insight to IT engineers who are willing to deploy statistical methods on estimating the remaining battery runtime of mobile smart devices.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.276-283
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• 2018

Climate changes consistently cause coastal accidents such as coastal flooding, so the studies on monitoring the marine environments are progressing to prevent and reduce the damage from coastal accidents. In this paper, we propose a new method to predict the sea level which can be applied to coastal monitoring systems to observe the variation of sea level and warn about the dangers. Existing sea level models are very complicated and need a lot of tidal data, so they are not proper for real-time prediction systems. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm is very simple but precise in short period such as one or two hours since we use the measured data from the sensor. The proposed method uses Kalman filter algorithm for harmonic analysis and double exponential smoothing for additional error correction. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed method is simple but predicts the sea level accurately.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.608-617
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• 2017

Methods of contrast enhancement have problem such as side effect of over-enhancement with non-gaussian histogram distribution, tradeoff enhancement efficiency against brightness preserving. In order to enhance contrast at various histogram distribution, segmentation to region with gaussian distribution and then enhance contrast each region. First, we segment an image into several regions using GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model)fitting by that k-mean clustering and EM(Expectation-Maximization) in $L^*a^*b^*$ color space. As a result region segmentation, we get the region map and probability map. Then we apply local contrast enhancement algorithm that mean shift to minimum overlapping of each region and preserve brightness histogram equalization. Experiment result show that proposed region based contrast enhancement method compare to the conventional method as AMBE(AbsoluteMean Brightness Error) and AE(Average Entropy), brightness is maintained and represented detail information.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.551-558
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• 2015

Lateral displacement in the most complex-shaped tall buildings is caused by eccentric gravity loads which are induced by the difference in location between a center of mass and a center of stiffness. The lateral displacements obtained from analysis, using conventional procedures, are prone to overestimate the actual values because much of realignment efforts made during construction phase are ignored. In construction sequence analysis, the self-leveling of slab and the verticality of columns/walls could be considered at each construction stage. Moreover, the displacement compensation can be achieved by manual process such as re-centering - locating to global coordinates through surveying. Because the lateral displacement increases with the building height, it is necessary to set up adjustment plan through construction stage analysis in advance in order to result in displacements less than the allowable limits. Because analytical solution includes lots of assumptions, the pre-adjusting displacement should be reasonably controlled with considerations for the uncertainty due to these assumptions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.18-25
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• 2016

Enhanced tubes are used widely in the evaporators of large tonnage compression-type refrigerators. The evaporators consist of tube bundles, and the refrigerant properties are dependent on the locations in the tube bundles. In particular, the saturation temperatures of low pressure refrigerants (R-11, R-123) are strongly dependent on the locations due to the saturation temperature-pressure curve characteristics. Therefore, for the proper design of evaporators, local property predictions of the refrigerants are necessary. In this study, a computer program that simulates the flooded refrigerant evaporators was developed. The program incorporated theoretical models to predict the refrigerant shell-side boiling heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops across the tube bundle. The program adopted an incremental iterative procedure to perform row-by-row calculations over the specified incremental tube lengths for each water-side pass. The program was used to simulate the flooded refrigerant evaporator of the "T" company operating with R-123, which yielded satisfactory results. The program was extended to predict the performance of the flooded refrigerant evaporator operating with R-11, R-123, and R-134a. The effects of bundle aspect ratio are investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.6
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• pp.797-808
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• 1997

Nitric oxide (NO) has been 3mown as a mediator of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory neurotransmitter in intestinal smooth muscles. It has been suggested that NO donor such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) produces relaxation of smooth muscle via activation of guanylate cyclase and elevation of cGMP levels. We have therefore investigated the effects of NO, using SNP, on muscle tension in the longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig ileum. The possible role of cGMP was also investigated as well as the involvement of $K^+$ channel on SNP-induced inhibitory effect. The results are summarized as follows; high KCI-or CCh-activated contractions were inhibited by SNP in a concentration-dependent manner. 8-Br-cGMP also showed a similar effect in that of SNP TEA (1 mM) significantly reduced the SNP-induced inhibitory effect. SNP-induced effect was forther reduced by the presence of 10 mM TEA. On the other hand, 4-AP (0.1 mM), glibenclamide $(10\;{\mu}M)$ and apinain $(0.1\;{\mu}M)$ showed little effects on SNP-induced relaxation. Zaprinast significantly potentiated the SNP-induced inhibitory effect in all ranges. ODQ also significantly decreased the SNP-induced inhibitory effect. Pretreatment with CPA $(10\;{\mu}M)$ slightly reduced the SNP-induced inhibitory effect. From the above results, both effect mediated by NO and cGMP might be responsible for the activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channel by SNP in guinea-rig ileum. And this $K^+$ channel activation by SNP also contributes to the SNP-induced membrane hyperpolarization and relaxation.