• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.8 s.173
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• pp.192-198
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new training system for the improvement of equilibrium sense using unstable platform. The equilibrium sense, which provides orientation with respect to gravity, is important to integrate the vision, somatosensory and vestibular function to maintain the equilibrium sense of the human body. In order to improve the equilibrium sense, we developed the software program such as a block game, pingpong game using Visual C++. These training system for the equilibrium sense consists of unstable platform, computer interface and software program. The unstable platform was a simple structure of elliptical-type which included tilt sensor, wireless RF module and the device of power supply. To evaluate the effect of balance training, we measured and evaluated the parameters as the moving time to the target, duration to maintain cursor in the target of screen and the error between sine curve and acquired data. As a results, the moving time to the target and duration to maintain cursor in the target was improved through the repeating training of equilibrium sense. It was concluded that this system was reliable in the evaluation of equilibrium sense. This system might be applied to clinical use as an effective balance training system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an obstacle height on the balance control of older adults while stepping over an obstacle from a position of quiet stance. Methods: Fifteen community-dwelling healthy older adults (mean age, $74.4\pm4.27$ yrs; age range, 67-82 yrs) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects performed gait initiation (GI) and they stepped over obstacles of two different heights (10 cm and 18 cm) at a self-paced speed from a position of quiet stance. Their performance was assessed by recording the changes in the displacement of the COP in the anteroposterior (A-P) and mediolateral (M-L) directions using a force platform. Results: The M-L displacement of the COP significantly increased for an 18 cm obstacle height condition as compared to the GI and a 10 cm obstacle height condition (p<0.01). Furthermore, the M-L displacement of the COP for a 10 cm high obstacle was significantly greater for that for the GI (p<0.01). However, the mean of the A-P displacement of the COP was similar between the stepping conditions for the A-P displacement of the COP (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the M-L COP displacement could be a better parameter to identify the dynamic balance control in older adults when negotiating obstacles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.157-162
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to develop a sinusoidal rotatory chair systim for evaluating the vestibular function in patients suffered from vertigo with vestibualr disorders. The sinusoidal rotatory chair system is composed of a rotatory chair systim and softwares. Maximum velocity of the rotatiry chair was upto 60 degree per second and frequency range was 0.01 to 0.64 Hz. To evaluate the vestibular function in vertigo patients, vestibuloocular reflex was measured by sinusoidal rotation of the whole body about vertical axis in the darkness, and optokinetic nystagmus, visual vestibuloocular reflex , and visual supression test were also performed. Eye movement was measured by means of a electronystgmograph amplifier through Ag-AgCI surface electrodes. Gain, phase, and symmetry were obtained from analysis of the eye movement ineuced by vestibular or visual stimulation. In healthy adults, sinusoidal rotation of the shole body produced nystagmus, of which gain was directly proportional to the velocity of stimulation. The gain of visual vestibuloocular reflex or optokinetic nystagmus, and it was suppressed markedly by visual suppression test. These results suggest that the sinusoieal rotatory chair systim which was developed by this study can evaluate the vestibular function quantitatively, also this system is very useful to diagnose and to dstimate the vestibualr function during recovery from vertigo

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.1113-1115
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• 2014

본 프로젝트팀에서 개발한 'VTK'(Virtual Training by Kinect)는 아이부터 노인까지 모든 연령이 이용 가능한 기능성 게임으로써 동작인식 컨트롤러인 키넥트를 이용하여 불필요한 장비가 없이 동작인식을 통해 인터페이스가 가능하게 했다. 주요기능은 평가와 트레이닝, 통계분석 세 가지로 이루어져 있다. 사용자는 6분 걷기와 폐안시 외발서기를 통해 개인별 심폐지구력과 평형감각 수준을 알 수 있으며 조깅과 인라인 스케이트를 통해 기능 향상을 위한 트레이닝을 할 수 있다. 통계분석은 별도의 용용프로그램을 통해 확인 할 수 있다. 성장하고 있는 기능성 게임 시장에 새로운 방향성 제시를 목표로 하였다.

• 재활복지
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.225-256
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• 2010

This study aims to provide the basic data of the rehabilitation program for the schoolchild with intellectual disability by designing new framework of the features of postural control for the schoolchild with intellectual disability. For this, the study investigated what sensations the schoolchild are using to maintain posture by selectively or synthetically applying vision, vestibular sensation and somato-sensation, and how the coordinative sensory system of the schoolchild is responding to any sway referenced sensory stimulus. The study intended to prove the limitation of motor system in estimating the postural stability by providing the cognitive motor task, and provided the features of postural control of the schoolchild with intellectual disability by measuring the onset times and orders of muscle contraction of neuron-muscle when there is a postural control taking place due to the exterior disturbance. Furthermore, by comparatively analyzing the difference between the normal schoolchild and the intellectually disabled schoolchild, this study provided an optimal direction for treatment planning when the rehabilitation program is applied in the postural control ability training program for the schoolchild with intellectual disability. Taking gender and age into consideration, 52 schoolchild including 26 normal schoolchild and 26 intellectually disabled schoolchild were selected. To measure the features of postural control, CTSIB test, and postural control strategy test were conducted. The result of experiment is as followed. First, the schoolchild with intellectual disability showed different feature in using sensory system to control posture. The normal schoolchild tended to depend on somato-sensory or vision, and showed a stable postural control toward a sway referenced stimulus on somato-sensory system. The schoolchild with intellectual disability tended to use somato-sensory or vision, and showed a very instable postural control toward a sway referenced vision or a sway referenced stimulus on somato-sensory system. In sensory analysis, the schoolchild with intellectual disability showed lower level of proficiency in somato-sensation percentile, vision percentile and vestibular sensation percentile compare to the normal schoolchild. Second, as for the onset times and orders of muscle contraction for strategies of postural control when there is an exterior physical stimulus, the schoolchild with intellectual disability showed a relatively delayed onset time of muscle control, and it was specially greater when the perturbation is from backward. As for the onset orders of muscle contraction, it started from muscles near coax then moved to the muscles near ankle joint, and the numbers and kinds of muscles involved were greater than the normal schoolchild. The normal schoolchild showed a fast muscle contracting reaction from every direction after the perturbation stimulus, and the contraction started from the muscles near the ankle joint and expanded to the muscles near coax. From the results of the experiments, the special feature of the postural control of the schoolchild with intellectual disability is that they have a higher dependence on vision in sensory system, and there was no appropriate integration of swayed sensation observed in upper level of central nerve system. In the motor system, the onset time of muscle contraction for postural control was delayed, and it proceeded in reversed order of the normal schoolchild. Therefore, when use the clinical physical therapy to improve the postural control ability, various sensations should be provided and should train the schoolchild to efficiently use the provided sensations and use the sensory experience recorded in upper level of central nerve system to improve postural control ability. At the same time, a treatment program that can improve the processing ability of central nerve system through meaningful activities with organizing and planning adapting reaction should be provided. Also, a proprioceptive motor control training program that can induce faster muscle contraction reaction and more efficient onset orders from muscularskeletal system is need to be provided as well.

• 기계와재료
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2011

최근 노령화와 스포츠 인구의 증가로 인해 족부 혈액순환 장애 및 족관절의 퇴행성 질환이 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 몸의 평형기능 및 운동성에 기능장애가 동반하게 된다. 이로 인해 일상생활 기능 저하와 낙상과 같은 이차적 합병증 발생을 초래하여 기능 및 삶의 질 저하, 활동제한 등으로 건강한 노년에 대한 심각한 위협 요인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 족부 혈액순환 증진을 위해 IT기술을 활용하여 압력에 따른 부위별 자극의 세기를 달리하고, 3D영상을 통해 가공의 상황 및 가상의 환경을 사람의 감각을 통해 느끼게 하여 실제 상호작용하고 있는 것처럼 만들어 주어, 혈액순환 개선의 효과를 극대화하고자 노화에 따른 족부건강 변화 및 족부 자극의 효과를 분석하고, 가상현실을 기반으로 한 족부혈액 순환 증진 장치와 관련 컨텐츠에 대해 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1339-1342
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• 2003

CVA is a kind of cerebrovascular disease which has a few local functional lesions of brain tissue, and it is generally caused by cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and so on. It is also known as a stroke of paralysis, which leaves a lot of sequelae in a patient such as lesion of movement, perceiving, memory, sense, emotion, etc. A CVA patient which has a sequela, the sense disorder of equilibrium, took the Saam Acupuncture Therapy and Dr. Dong's Acupuncture Therapy, and then he was cured.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.294-294
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• 2004

최근 평균수명의 연장에 따른 사회 노년층의 증가로 낙상사고의 빈도가 높아지고 있으며, 또한 교통사고 발생이 빈번함에 따라 전정계 이상 및 체성감각계의 기능 손상에 의한 자세균형 환자가 점점 증가하고 있는 추세이며, 이러한 균형 제어력의 소실이 환자의 재활치료에 많은 어려움을 초래하고 있다. 자세균형제어에 관한 연구는 주로 힘판을 이용하여 특정 감각시스템으로부터의 입력을 제한하거나 외력에 의해 평형 유지를 방해했을 때, 신체 전이(displacement), 압력중심의 움직임(Center Of Pressure; COP), 자세 유지 시 작용하는 근육의 활동전위 등을 측정하는 연구와 더불어 균형에 어려움을 느끼는 환자를 위한 바이오피드백(Biofeedback)을 적용한 연구가 보고되고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.2
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• pp.139-182
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• 1994

조종사들은 비행시에 일상 생활 환경에서는 경험하지 못하는 여러가지 적대환경에 폭로된다. 이러한 환경에서는 인체의 평형기관은 실제와 일치하지 않는 정보를 제공해 주는 경우가 허다하다. 예를들면, 내이의 미로 전정기관이나 피하압력기관기 등은 항공기의 기동으로 발생하는 중력과 지구의 중력을 구별 하지 못하는 기능의 한계성때문에 계기비행하에서는 대개의 경우 공간정위상실, 즉 비행착각을 유발한다. 이 착각으로 인한 항공기 사고는 통계상에서 상당 부분이 치명사고로 나타나고 있는데, 이러한 사실은 비행착각현상이 비행안전에 극히 위험한 요소가 되고 있다는 것을 실증한다고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 조종사들은 비행시 공간정위 유지를 위한 철저한 대비가 있어야 한다. 공간정위 상실현상이 잘 발생하는 경우는 야간이나 기타 계기비행 환경에서 주위시각이 제약을 받을 때이다. 즉, 계기비행 환경에서의 편대비행시나 고기동시, 그리고 대조물이 모호한 야간의 활주로에서 이착륙할때 등을 들 수 있다. 비행시 공간정위 상실현상을 예방하기 위해서는 첫째로 이러한 유형의 사고분석자료를 토대로 하여 항공기의 설계단계에서부터 제작에 이르기까지 착각을 유발할 수 있는 구조적 요인을 제거해야 한다. 둘째로는 이러한 착각을 유발하지 않는 운항이나 기동방식을 택하여 비행임무를 수행토록 해야한다. 세째로 조종사들은 이러한 착각을 정상적인 인체의 반응에 의한 것이므로 자신에게도 당연히 일어난다는 사실을 용인해야 한다. 네째로 조종사들은 계기비행에 대한 구체적이고 실제적인 훈련을 통하여 계기비행 경험을 쌓아야 한다. 다음은 조종사들의 실제비행시 공간정위 상실현상에 봉착했을때의 처리요령이다. 첫째로 계기비행상황에서 자신의 감각과 계기가 일치하지 않을 때는 즉시 계기를 Cross Check하여 항공기의 자세나 기동형태를 정확하게 파악해야 한다. 둘째로 계기가 조종사의 의도대로 나타나도록 조작하고 이를 철저하게 의지하고 믿어야 한다. 세째로 자신의 감각과 계기가 일치할때까지 수평비행을 유지해야 한다. 그리고 마지막으로, 고성능 항공기가 계기비행중 저공에서 비행착각에 봉착하게 될때의 행동절차를 철저하게 숙지하고 있어야 한다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.410-416
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• 2007

This paper presents quantitative analysis of a training system based on an unstable platform and a visual interactive system for improving sense of equilibrium. The training system consists of an unstable platform, a force plate, a safety harness, a monitoring device, and a personal-computer. To confirm the effects of the training system, fifteen young volunteers and five elderly volunteers went through a series of balance training using the system. During the training, we measured relevant parameters such as the time a subject maintain his or her center of pressure on a target, the time a subject moves his or her center of pressure to the target, and the mean absolute deviation of the trace before and after training with this system and training programs to evaluate the effects of the training. The results showed that the training system can successfully assess the gradual improvement of the postural control capability of the subject in the system and showed a possibility of improving balance of the subject. Moreover, the significant improvement in the postural capability of the elderly subject suggests that elderly subjects can benefit more from the training using the system for the improvement of sense of equilibrium.