• Title/Summary/Keyword: 평정

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Effects of Low-Level Visual Attributes on Threat Detection: Testing the Snake Detection Theory (저수준 시각적 특질이 위협 탐지에 미치는 효과: 뱀 탐지 이론의 검증)

  • Kim, Taehoon;Kwon, Dasom;Yi, Do-Joon
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.47-62
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    • 2020

  • The snake detection theory posits that, due to competition with snakes, the primate visual system has been evolved to detect camouflaged snakes. Specifically, one of its hypotheses states that the subcortical visual pathway mainly consisting of koniocellular cells enables humans to automatically detect the threat of snakes without consuming mental resources. Here we tested the hypothesis by comparing human participants' responses to snakes with those to fearful faces and flowers. Participants viewed either original images or converted ones, which lacked the differences in color, luminance, contrast, and spatial frequency energies between categories. While participants in Experiment 1 produced valence and arousal ratings to each image, those in Experiment 2 detected target images in the breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS) paradigm. As a result, visual factors influenced the responses to snakes most strongly. After minimizing visual differences, snakes were rated as being less negative and less arousing, and detected more slowly from suppression. In contrast, the images of the other categories were less affected by image conversion. In particular, fearful faces were rated as greater threats and detected more quickly than other categories. In addition, for snakes, changes in arousal ratings and those in bCFS response times were negatively correlated: Those snake images, the arousal ratings of which decreased, produced increased detection latency. These findings suggest that the influence of snakes on human responses to threat is limited relative to fearful faces, and that detection responses in bCFS share common processing mechanisms with conscious ratings. In conclusion, the current study calls into question the assumption that snake detection in humans is a product of unconscious subcortical visual processing.

  • https://doi.org/10.14695/KJSOS.2020.23.3.47 인용 PDF KSCI

The effect of LED lighting hues on the rating and recognition of affective stimulus (LED 조명색상이 정서자극의 평정과 재인에 미치는 효과)

  • Pak, Hyen-Sou;Lee, Chan-Su;Jang, Ja-Soon
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.371-384
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    • 2011

  • Three experiments were carried out to examine how LED lighting hues influence to the rating and recognition of affective stimuli. In Experiment 1 and 2, IAPS affective pictures were used and an affective rating(valence and arousal) task and a recognition memory task were conducted under red, green, blue, and white hue LED lightings in Experiment 1 and cyan, magenta, yellow, and white ones in Experiment 2, respectively. In Experiment 3, affective words were used and the same two tasks were conducted under red, green, blue, and white hue LED lightings. According to the results of affective rating tasks, when primary hues(RGB) were used, red LED lighting elicited an excitement at the arousal dimension and green LED lighting evoked pleasantness at the valence one. When secondary hues(CMY) were used, magenta and cyan showed the similar but weaker patterns of responses comparing to red and green. The results of recognition memory task showed that the responses to the picture stimuli presented at green and cyan hue lightings tended to be a bit faster comparing to the stimuli presented at the other conditions but the difference was insignificant. In Experiment 3, however, recognition memory responses to the affective words presented at green hue lighting were faster significantly. These results indicate that warm colors like red and magenta elicit unpleasantness or excitement while cool colors like green and cyan evoke pleasantness or relaxation, and the primary hues provoke more positive or negative affectivity than secondary ones do. Particularly, the result of recognition memory task in Experiment 3 suggests that green hue LED lighting might be advantageous at the memory performance of language stimuli rather than visual ones.

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Application of Rasch Analysis to the Korean Recovery Assessment Scale (한국판 회복평가척도의 라쉬분석)

  • Lim, Kyung-Min
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.15 no.10
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    • pp.354-361
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    • 2015

  • The purpose of this study is to investigate validation of the Recovery Assessment Scale(RAS) for Korean Version using Rasch analysis. This study included 60 patients who had chronic schizophrenia and were aged 18 or older. The data were analysed using a Rasch analysis to investigate whether the persons and items fit, the distribution of item difficulty and the appropriateness of the rating scale. 1 out of 60 subjects were found to not fit. 3 out of 24 items were also found to be misfit. The misfitted items was 'I believe that I can meet my current personal goals','Even when I don't care about myself, other people do. ','Coping with my mental illness is no longer the main focus of my life.'. Of the appropriate items, the most difficult was 'I can handle what happens in my life' and the easiest was 'Something good will eventually happen'. The RAS rating scale was shown to be appropriate for patients who had chronic schizophrenia. The item separation reliability was .70, and the person separation reliability was .94. Further studies are needed to investigate validity and criterion cut-off score for many patients with chronic mental illess.

  • https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.10.354 인용 PDF KSCI

The perceptual judgment of sound prolongation: Equal-appearing interval and direct magnitude estimation (연장음 길이에 따른 비유창성 정도 평가: 등간척도와 직접크기평정 비교 연구)

  • Jin Park;Hwajung Cha;Sejin Bae
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 2023

  • This study aimed to propose an appropriate evaluation method for the perceived level of speech disfluency based on sound prolongation (i.e., increased duration of segments). To this end, 34 Korean-speaking adults (9 males, 25 females, average age: 32.9 yrs.) participated as raters in this study. The participants listened to sentences containing a total of 25 stimuli with the Korean voiceless fricative /s/ extended by 80-ms increments up to 2,000 ms (i.e., 285 ms, 365 ms., ..., 2,125 ms, 2,205 ms), and evaluated them using an equal-appearing interval scale (EAI, 1-7 points, where 1 represents "normal" and 7 represents "severe"). Subsequently, based on the interval-scale results, the sentence stimuli with the prolonged voiceless fricative corresponding to the mild-to-moderate level (rated as 4 points) were selected as the reference modulus for direct magnitude estimation (DME). After scatter plots were created for the two evaluation results, the relationship between the two measured mean values was analyzed using a curve estimation method for the observed data with the highest R2-value to determine whether a linear or curvilinear approximation fit the data better. A curvilinear relationship between the two evaluation results was indicated, suggesting that DME is a more appropriate evaluation method than the EAI scale for assessing the perceived level of disfluency based on sound prolongation.

  • https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2023.15.3.059 인용 PDF