• Resources Recycling
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.3-9
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• 2001

The Sericite Powder W3S Comminuted in 1 M $KNO_3$solution for 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 h, compared with the addition of distilled water. It has been found that the mean diameter of the ground particles decreases until the comminuting for 1 h, however, increases after 1 h due to the agglomeration between fine particles. The sericite powder comminuted with 1 M $KNO_3$solution for 1 h shows the mean particle size of $1.9\mu$m, and it also shows the mean particle size of 2.4 $\mu$m in case of comminution in distilled water for 1 h.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

In the synthesis of water-based polyurethane using self-emulsification process, after being neutralized, polyurethane pre-polymers containing ionic pendant groups are dispersed by simple convective mixing. Preparation of dispersion is followed by chain extension reaction, which is considered as important step for growth of the molecular weight of polyurethane. In this work, pH variations in the aqueous phase were monitored during the chain extension process in the presence of water-soluble diamines. The optimum degree of chain extension and the average particle size in the polyurethane dispersions were examined with varying ionic pendent group contents, type of chain extenders, and feed rate of chain extenders, The initial pH value in the aqueous phase linearly increased and the optimum chain extension point could be obtained from the intersection of two linear lines having different slopes, All average particle sizes before chain extension reaction were almost same, however, the final average particle size increased as feed rates of chain extenders increased, In addition, as the ionic pendant group contents increased, the particle size decreased since the hydrophilicity and hydrodynamic volume increased. As carbon numbers of the chain extenders increased, the final particle size increased significantly. From the results, it was concluded that the chain extension reaction took place among the particles not only in a particle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.405-406
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• 2003

현재 우리나라 입자상물질에 대한 대기환경기준은 공기역학적 직경 10 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하인 PM$_{10}$ 기준이 연평균 70 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ 및 일평균 150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥이다. 그러나 영국의 PM$_{10}$ 기준은 24시간 평균 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥로 강화하여 입자상물질에 의한 건강피해를 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있다(EPAQS, 1995). 분진은 공기역학적 직경 2.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$를 기준으로 미세입자와 거대입자로 나누어지는 쌍극분포의 형태(Whitby et al., 1972)를 나타내며, 분진이 인체에 미치는 영향에 관한 많은 연구를 통해 10 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하의 입자가 호흡성 분진으로 인체에 더 유해한 영향을 미치고 있음이 밝혀졌다(Emison, 1988). (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.332-332
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• 2010

진공펌프의 배기성능 지표들을 정량적으로 측정하기 위해서 사용하는 표준용기에 관한 규격들은 대체로 일치하는 사양들을 제시하지만 유독 기체도입 도관의 굵기에 대해서는 다양한 방식으로 규정하고 있어서 혼란스럽다. 현재 제정중인 ISO 규격에서는 도관 굵기를 용기 내경의 10분의 1로 규정하고 있는데 대형 펌프 용 표준용기에 맞춘다면 도관의 굵기가 지나치게 커질 수 있다. 과연 이렇게 굵은 도관이 정밀한 측정을 위해 꼭 필요한지 또는 오히려 방해가 되는 것은 아닌지 검토해 보기 위해 도관 굵기에 따라 도관출구를 빠져나오는 입자들과 오리피스 및 펌프 흡기구에 입사하는 입자들의 등방성에 대해 살펴보았다 계산 결과에 의하면 도관의 굵기는 오리피스 및 펌프 흡기구에 입사하는 입자들의 평균 방향 여현 값에 전혀 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 반면에 도관이 오리피스나 흡기구 면에 국부적으로 그림자를 드리우거나 입자 분포와 평균 방향여현 분포를 왜곡시키지도 않았다. 즉 기체 도입 도관을 가늘게 해도 빔효과가 계속 전파되어서 측정에 악영향을 미치지 않으므로 별 문제가 안 되고, 도관이 규정되어 있는 범위 안에서 어느 정도 굵어져도 입자의 흐름을 방해한다는 증거는 없다는 뜻이다. 그렇다면 도관의 굵기를 한 값으로 못 박기보다 넓은 범위를 주어 가공 능력에 따라 사용자가 적절히 크기를 선택할 수 있도록 하는 것이 합리적이라고 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 1999

Effects of agitation and heating rate on crystallinity, size distribution and mean size of $\alpha$-$SiO_2$powder prepared hydrothermally were investigated. $\alpha$-$SiO_2$crystalline powder, in mean particle size of 1~3.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$, was obtained at $350^{\circ}C$ using KOH as a mineralized for a 3 h reaction. Experimental results showed that particle size became smaller as the rate of agitation increased if it was introduced from the beginning of reaction, however, crystallinity was reduced at the low rate of agitation and it was became enhanced at above 150 r/min. Particle size became larger if agitation was introduced at any time during the reaction rather than introduced from the beginning of reaction. It was also found that particle size became smaller if heating rate was reduced, while the rate of agitation kept constant.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.542-548
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• 2003

Nanoparticles with unsaturated poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (UPHAs) biosynthesized with Pseudo-monas oleovorans were prepared by spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method. The influence of nanoparticle formation was investigated with various experimental parameters such as sonication conditions, sol-vent, surfactant and polymer contents, etc. The physical and chemical properties of UPHAS and its nanoparticles were characterized using $^1$H- and $\^$13/C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography. The morphology of particles was observed using scanning electron microscope and the size and distribution of nanoparticles were measured with electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometer. The mean diameter of particles decreased with increasing sonication amplitude and time. The addition of ethanol into UPHAS chloroform solution decreased the particle size presumably due to increased solvent diffusion into water phase. The particle size increased with increased the concentration of UPHAS solution. Under the 2-4％ poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solution the minimum mean diameter of particles was shown. The higher degree of hydrolysis and degree of polymerization of PVA increased the mean diameter of particles.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2010

2008년 동아시아 대륙에서 발생기원이 다른 황사와 인위적 오염입자의 광역적 이동 사례를 NOAA위성 RGB 합성영상과 지상 TSP, PM10, PM2.5 질량농도 관측으로 구별하였다. 또한 Terra/Aqua 위성MODIS (MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer) 센서의AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth)와 FW (Fine aerosol Weighting)를 통해 동아시아 지역에서 발생기원이 다른 대기 에어로졸의 분포와 입자 크기 특성을 분석하였다. 중국 북부와 몽골, 그리고 중국 황토고원에서 모래폭풍이 발생하여 광역적으로 이동하여 청원에 먼지입자(황사)로 영향을 주는 6 사례를 분석했다. 질량농도 TSP중 PM10 은 70%, PM2.5 는 16% 로 조대입자 (> $2.5{\mu}m$)의 비율이 큰 것은 사막과 반사막의 자연적 발생원에서 생성되었기 때문이다. 그러나, 모래 폭풍이 이동 과정에서 중국 동부의 산업 지역을 거쳐 유입 되는 사례에서는 TSP 중 PM2.5 가 23% 까지 증가하기도 했다. 중국 동부로부터 황해를 거쳐 한반도로 유입하고 있는 다른5사례는 TSP 중 PM10, PM2.5가 각각 82%, 65% 로 PM2.5 의 비율이 높았는데 인위적 오염입자의 영향 때문이다. 동아시아 지역에서 인위적 오염입자의 광역적 이동 사례에 대한 평균 AOD는 $0.42{\pm}0.17$로 황사에 의한 AOD ($0.36{\pm}0.13$)와 비교하여 대기 에어로졸에 대한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 특히, 중국 동부에서 황해, 한반도, 동해에 이르는 광역적 지역에 높은 AOD값이 분포했다. 인위적 오염입자의 사례는 FW가 평균 $0.63{\pm}0.16$로 모래폭풍의 이동 사례의 $0.52{\pm}0.13$ 보다 높은 값을 보이고 있어, 대기 에어로졸에 대한 인위적 미세 오염입자의 기여가 크게 나타나고 있었다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.24-29
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• 2009

Since cerium carbonate becomes porous cerium oxide by releasing carbon dioxide and vapour steam during calcination of cerium carbonate, nano size cerium oxide can be obtained by milling calcined cerium carbonate. Therefore cerium carbonate [$Ce_2(CO_3)3{\cdot}XH_2O$] is used generally for the preparation of nano size cerium oxide. In order to obtain nano size cerium oxide from cerium carbonate prepared by reactive crystallization of cerium chloride solution and ammonium bicarnonate solution, the effects of experimental variables in the milling and calcination of cerium carbonate, such as calcination temperature, milling time, rpm of planetary mill, amount of dispersant and ball size for milling on the size of cerium oxide was investigated in this study. Cerium oxide prepared with the conditions of calcination temperature of $700^{\circ}C$, milling time of 5 hour was 160nm mean particle size.

• Clean Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2001

A model was proposed for the removal of poly-dispersed suspended solid by deep bed filtration and the collection efficiency was investigated by computer simulation. Deposited particles on the collector surface may act as additional collector and reduce the pore size of the collector. As a result, the capability of removing suspended particles of the filter bed was improved with the deposition. The filtration process of poly-dispersed suspension shows higher collection efficiency than that of mono-dispersed suspensions. Since the large particles deposited on the collector surface may contribute to the increase of contact between collectors and small particles, the improved overall collection efficiency was obtained.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 1997

In this study, numerical computations were performed to scrutinize the effect of the size of coal particles on reactive flow fields and concentration distribution of product gases for five cases with four different particle sizes (40 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 60 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 100 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 120 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 140 $\mu\textrm{m}$) in an axisymmetric cylindrical coal gasifier in which Alaska Usibelli subbituminous coals were gasified. Predictions showed that coal particle size affected the concentration distribution of product gases. When coals of 100 $\mu\textrm{m}$ were gasified, the maximum average concentrations of major products, H$_2$and CO, were predicted at the exit of the gasifier. The average mole fractions of CO and H, were shown to be 0.62, and 0.16 (dry basis, inert free), respectively. The cold gas efficiency of 83% was also predicted for the same particle size of 100 $\mu\textrm{m}$.