• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

For the improvement of productivity of beekeepers and to develop new management strategy through the analysis of current honeybee-keeping management types and evaluation of related skills and basis in Korea were surveyed. The serial surveys were carried out in 2008 for a total of 253 beekeepers from different localities in Korea. The results revealed that 145.9 colonies of honeybee were managed by each beekeeper in Korea. The beekeepers group who were younger than 55 years possessed 191.7 colonies. The older age group of beekeepers kept rather smaller number of colonies. The career groups over 15 years in apiculture were keeping 176.0 colonies in average. The numbers of bee colonies were not significantly different among localities and educational backgrounds. The migratory apiaries with 145.9 hives were dominant than those fixed ones with 83.0 (p<0.01). It was observed that 57.8% of apiaries were located in the vicinity of farmer's house, whereas 30.3% were managed in mountain area; however older group (65.4%) preferred to keep it near their houses (p<0.05). The proportion (35.7%) of part-time fixed apiary was the highest among four apiary management types. The younger group and high career group operated full-time migratory apiary (38.8% and 40.3%) (p<0.05), respectively. However, the older group and low career group preferred as part-time fixed one (43.2% and 46.6%), respectively (p<0.001). There was no significant difference among localities. The surveyed beekeepers produced propolis, commercial colonies, pollen, royal jelly, and pollination hives in addition to honey. The group of less than 15 years career and mountain apiary mainly produced propolis and pollen. However, those who dwell in small and middle areas mainly produced propolis and commercial colonies. The levels related to beekeeping skills and basis were evaluated as intermediate from 3.11 and 2.86 points on 5 points scale, respectively. More careered group having skill level of 3.33 point and basis level of 3.02 showed higher levels than less careered one. The levels of skill and basis evaluated from age groups and localities were similar with each other with no significance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1995

하악에 발생한 45예, 상악에 발생한 1예로 총 46예의 법랑모세포종이 연구되었다 환자의 평균연령은 34세였으며 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다. 가장 흔한 징후는 악골 또는 안면의 종창이었다. 소구치-대구치-하악지 부위를 침범한 예가 20예(43.5％)였다. 다방성 병소가 26예(56.5％)에서 발견되었다. 방사선학적 형태는 환자의 연령이나 조직학적 형태와는 상관관계가 없었다. 단방형 형태는 주로 젊은 환자에서 발견되었으며 10대에 호발하는 상관관계를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 근치 또는 보존적 수술로 치료를 받은 분석 가능한 18명의 환자에서 재발율은 33.3％를 나타내었다. 다방성 형태(36.4％)학적 행태를 명확하게 예측하기 위해서는 좀 더 상세한 임상 및 방사선학적 변수가 첨가되어야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.1019-1021
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• 2017

본 연구는 키넥트라는 장비를 이용하여 뼈대 휘어짐을 확인하는 연구로 사용자가 저렴한 비용으로 꾸준하게 자신의 뼈대 휘어짐 상태를 확인할 수 있는 시스템이다. 20대의 뼈대의 휘어짐을 3개월간 꾸준히 확인하여 평균을 구하고 이를 통해 20대의 뼈대 휘어짐의 평균을 알 수 있으며 더 나아가 사용자들이 자신의 뼈대를 스스로 확인하면서 잘못된 습관을 고쳐 나갈 수 있는 계기를 갖게 된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템은 사용자의 자발적인 건강관리, 생활 습관 개선 그리고 의료 비용 절감에 도움이 될 것이다. 본 연구는 앞으로 연령별 뼈대 휘어짐을 측정하고 확인하면서 연령별 뼈대 휘어짐의 기준을 만들 수 있는 연구로 발전 될 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.5-8
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• 1962

한국내 수개 도시에 있는 산원에서 자료를 얻을 수 있던 15,830의 생아 및 사산의 기록을 가지고 사산의 기록을 가지고 사산율 및 쌍생아산율을 고찰하였다. 사산율은 3.525%로 일어나고 있으며 모친의 연령이 36세 이상에서는 평균 사산율보다 약 2 배에 가까운 고율을 보여주고 있다. 사산아의 성비는 생아출산의 성비보다 훨씬 높아 136.06 이었다. 산원에서의 쌍생아산도 일반쌍생아산에 비해 더 빈번히 일어나고 있다. 즉 한국인 집단의 평균 쌍생아산의 율이 0.872인데 대하여 산원에서는 1.299%를 보여주고 있다. 모친의 연령이 증가하여 감에 따라 쌍생아산의 율이 상승하는 경향은 산원의경우에서 관찰할 수있었다. 쌍생아의 성조성에 따른 비율은 대체로 일반 집단에서나 산원의 것에서나 비슷하여, 1.49 남남 ; 1.09여여 이 었다. 이는 일본의 2 : 1 : 2 나 구주인계의 0.9 ; 1 : 0.9 의 중간의 비율을 나타내고 있다. 이란성 상생아에 대한 일란성쌍생아의 비율은 산원에서 0.79 : 1 일반 집단에서 0.75 : 1 이었다. 이 율도 결국 일본의 1.5 ; 1 . 구주인계의 0.5 : 1 의 거의 중간을 나타내고있는 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.517-525
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• 2007

This study was performed to assess the effects of physiological factors and lifestyles on bone mineral density (BMD) in 64 postmenopausal women. Sixty four subjects were selected out of 223 postmenopausal women in Seoul and Kyunggido. The BMD of the lumbar spine (L2 ${\rightarrow}$ L4) and femoral neck were measured dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Subjects were assigned to one of three groups such as normal (T-score > -1, n = 20), osteopenia (-2.5 < Tscore ${\leq}$ -1, n = 24), and osteoporosis (T-score ${\leq}$ -2.5, n = 20). Anthropometric measurements and questionares were administered to these women. The mean age, height, weight and BMI were 62.09 yrs, 153.78 cm, 56.09 kg and 23.70 $kg/m^2$ respectively. The BMDs of lumbar spines (L2 ${\rightarrow}$ L4), femoral neck were 0.84 $g/cm^2$, 0.71 $g/cm^2$ respectively. Years after menopause and age of last delivery of the osteoporosis and osteopenia group were significantly longer than the normal group (p < 0.05). The hours of exercise and outdoor activity of the normal group were longer than the osteoporosis and osteopenia group, but there were no significant differences among the three groups. The BMDs of these two sites were positively correlated with weight, BMI, hip and body fat and negatively correlated with LBM, TBW. These results show there are no consistent effects on bone mineral density, adjusting for age and BMI, of physiological factors and lifestyles in postmenopausal women. Therefore. this study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone loss in postmenopausal women would be to maintain an adequate body weight.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.786-794
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• 1999

Back ground : Arm span measurements provide a practical substitute for standing height to predict normal spirometric values in subjects unable to stand or those with a skeletal deformity such as kyphoscoliosis. The relationship between arm span and height has previously been reported as either a fixed ratio unaffected by age or as a regression equation in which the ratio varies as a function of age. The fixed ratio or regression equation is known to be specific for sex and race. Methods : We studied the relationship between standing height, arm span, and age in 381 Korean adult female subjects (ages 20 to 69 yrs) sampled in a general population. Results : The mean ratio for arm span to height is 1.004. Multiple linear analysis found arm span and age to be predictive of standing height (p=0.0001, $r^2$=0.76). We performed the analysis of the difference between the predicted height using either fixed ratio or regression equation and actual height. At the extremes of arm span and age, the ratio method either underestimated(at smaller arm span or younger age) or overestimated(at larger arm span or older age) as compared with actual height (p=0.0001). Conclusion : This results indicate that the estimated height using the fixed ratio method provides a less acceptable method of estimating height for the prediction of lung volumes in the Korean adult women when compared with the regression equations, especially at the extremes of stature or age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1207-1214
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to determine the estimated dietary fiber (DF) intakes per capita/day of Korean as of 2001 by age groups and sex, and to analyze the major food sources of DF using the data on per capita consumption of each food reported in the 2001 Reports of Korean National Nutrition Survey and the newly-established DF database. The mean daily intakes of DF of Korean increased with increasing age until 49 years and thereafter decreased with aging. The intakes of DF/1,000 kcal increased with increasing age until 64 years and thereafter decreased with aging. On the average, the Korean people under age of 49 did not meet adequate intake (AI) of DF (12 g/1,000 kcal) in Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for the Koreans. The male people less satisfied the AI than the female did. The major food groups contributed to DF intakes of Korean adults were high in the order of vegetables, cereals, fruits, seasonings, legumes and seaweeds. Regardless of age and sex, vegetables, cereals and fruits were three major sources of DF for Koreans who obtained approximately 75% of DF from those sources. It has been shown that rice was the first single food source of DF intake for the age groups less than 12 years, however Kimchi was the first major source for all the age groups over 12 years. The infant and elderly groups obtained more DF from 10 major single food sources than the other age groups did. The results of the study revealed that the present levels of DF intakes of Korean in all age groups except the elderly group are insufficient to meet the AI for DF. Therefore the beneficial effects of DF on health and the increased consumption of DF from the variety of food sources should be emphasized through the continuous nutritional education.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2002

The best environments such as crown density, temperature, light intensity and humidity have to be identified because these factors are strongly related to the growth and several physiological characteristics. The purposes of this study are \circled1 to collect basic data fer growth, \circled2 to identify the best growth environments. to achieve these purposes, oak, pine and mixed forest stands have been selected in this study. forest ginseng seeds were sown in these forest four years ago. Several environmental and growth factors have been surveyed. In general, mean tree age, DBH and average height are 20-25 years old, 14-17 cm and 7-9 m, respectively. The growths of forest ginseng grown in oak stand are better than those of pine and mixed stands.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2000

In this study, total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism were studied 328 eyes of healthy Korean for astigmatism. Total astigmatism was measured by fogging-and-dial technique, and corneal astigmatism was measured with Topcon OM-4 keratometer. Residual astigmatism was determined by a discrepancy between total and corneal astigmatism. The results were as follows: As they aged, there were a statistically significant changes in total and corneal astigmatism but not in residual astigmatism. And the amount of with-the-rule total and corneal astigmatism had a tendency to decrease, but residual astigmatism had no changes. From 30 years, total astigmatism showed a tendency to become against the rule. The average diopteric value was +0.342D in total astigmatism. +0.920D in corneal astigmatism and -0.579D in residual astigmatism.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.537-549
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• 2017

This purpose of this study was to investigate self-esteem, body image and depression in infertile women and to identify factors influencing depression. There were statistically significant difference in self-esteem on variables such as age, education, occupation, pressure of treatment cost. There were statistically significant difference in body image on variables such as period of marriage, education, pressure of treatment cost. There were statistically significant difference in depression on variables such as age, education, family structure, pressure of treatment cost. Self-esteem was positively correlated with body image(r=.688, p=.000). Depression was negatively correlated with self-esteem(r=-.710, p=.000) and body image(r=-.526, p=.000). Factors influencing depression were self-esteem(b=-0.66, p=.000), Living with parents-in-law(b=-7.92, p=.001), and age over 40 years(b=-1.72, p=.033), which explained 63.5%.