• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.149-159
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• 1994

노심설계의 검증을 통하여 설계의 신뢰성을 확인하며 이는 발전소 운전의 안전성과 경제성을 향상시킬 수 있는 발판이 된다. 본 보고서는 국산핵연료를 장전한 고리 3호기 7주기의 운전자료 중에서 핵설계와 관련한 인자의 측정치를 설계치와 비교 분석하고 평가하였다. 비교대상이 된 핵특성인자는 반응도 관련 자료인 임계붕소농도, 제어봉가, 등온온도계수 및 감속재온도계수등이고 출력분포 관련자료인 핵반응률 분포, 집합체 출력분포, 반경방향 첨두출력 F$\Delta$H/$^{N}$ , 축방향 출력분포, 축방향 첨두출력 Fq(z)및 노심 평균 축방향 출력편차(AO)등이다. 이들 인자들에 대한 설계치는 측정치와 잘 일치하였으며, 모두 안전성 관련 제한치이내로 만족함을 확인하였다. 또한 이러한 비교 분석을 통하여 후속주기의 핵설계에 운전자료를 반영할 수 있는 근거를 마련하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.470-479
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• 1993

노심설계의 검증을 통하여 설계의 신뢰성이 확인되며 이는 발전소 운전의 안전성과 경제성을 향상시킬 수 있는 발판이 된다. 본 기고문은 국산핵연료가 장전되었던 영광 2호기 4주기의 운전자료 중에서 핵설계와 관련한 인자의 측정치를 설계치와 비교 분석하고 평가하였다. 비교대상이 된 핵 특성인자는 반응도 관련 자료인 임계붕소농도, 제어봉가, 등온온도계수 및 감속재온도계수 둥이고 출력분포 관련자료인 핵반응률 분포, 집합체 출력분포, 반경방향 첨두출력 F_ $\Delta$H/$^{N}$ , 축방향 출력분포, 축방향 첨두출력 Fq(z) 및 노심 평균 축방향 출력편차(AO)등이다. 이들 인자들에 대한 설계치는 측정치와 잘 일치하였으며, 모두 안전성 관련 제한치이내로 만족함을 확인하였다. 또한 운전자료의 비교 분석을 통하여 후속주기의 핵설계에 반영할 수 있는 근거를 마련하였다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.269-272
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• 2001

실리콘 마이크로머시닝 기술과 바이폴라 공정으로 집적화된 압력센서를 제작하고 동작특성 평가를 수행하였다. 센서부 보상파라미터를 추출하였고 트리밍 공정을 통하여 출력전압의 보상을 수행하였다. 센서 특성은 압저항 위치, 마스크 정렬 오차, 다이어프램 정밀두께제어 정도, 보호막의 과도식각 정도 등에 의하여 민감하게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었다. 웨이퍼별 샘플추출을 통하여 센서부 감도는 평균 0.653mV/kPa, 감도의 온도계수는 -2078.8ppm/℃, 옵셋 전압은 30.78mV, 옵셋전압의 온도계수는 32.11㎶/℃로 측정되었다. 추출된 샘플의 다이어프램 두께오차는 27±2.5㎛였다. 센서부 특성평가 결과를 통하여 신호처리회로의 옵셋 및 스팬보상, 온도보상을 위한 트리밍 공정을 수행한 결과 개발사양을 만족하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5A
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• pp.433-442
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• 2010

A control of chloride diffusion coefficient is very essential for service life of reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed to chloride attack so that much studies have been focused on this work. The purpose of this study is to derive the intended diffusion coefficient which satisfies intended service life and propose a technique for optimum concrete mixture through genetic algorithm(GA). For this study, 30 data with mixture proportions and related diffusion coefficients are analyzed. Utilizing 27 data, fitness function for diffusion coefficient is obtained with variables of water to binder ratio(W/B), weight of cement, mineral admixture(slag, flay ash, and silica fume), sand, and coarse aggregate. 3 data are used for verification of the results from GA. Average error from fitness function is observed to 18.7% for 27 data for diffusion coefficient with 16.0% of coefficient of variance. For the verification using 3 data, a range of error for mixture proportions through GA is evaluated to 0.3~9.3% in 3 given diffusion coefficients. Assuming the durability design parameters like intended service life, cover depth, surface chloride content, and replacement ratio of mineral admixture, target diffusion coefficient, where exterior conditions like relative humidity(R.H.) and temperature, is derived and optimum design mixtures for concrete are proposed. In this paper, applicability of GA is attempted for durability mixture design and the proposed technique would be improved with enhancement of comprehensive data set including wider range of diffusion coefficients.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This paper proposes an efficient method for selecting ground motions with the mean response spectrum matching a target spectrum. Since former studies reported that the shape and amplitude of the response spectra can be treated independently for selecting ground motions, this study first selects ground motions such that the shape of their mean response spectrum matches that of the target spectrum, then scales the ground motions. To select the ground motions best matching the shape of the target response spectrum, the standard deviation of the difference between the target response spectrum and the mean response spectrum of the selected ground motions needs to be minimized. Unlike the existing procedure, the scaling factor can be computed without iteration. Based on the selection results of 7 ground motions from a library of 40 ground motions, the proposed method is verified as an accurate and efficient method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.265-265
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• 2016

호우가 홍수에 미치는 영향의 분석은 수문현상을 이해하고 수공구조물을 설계하는데 반드시 필요한 절차이다. 호우가 홍수에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서 독립된 소유역부터 비독립된 대유역까지 홍수량을 계산하고 그 상관성을 이해해야 하지만 상류쪽의 소유역의 경우 관측자료의 부재가 빈번하여 이러한 전반적인 분석이 쉽지 않다. 그리고 소유역과 대유역의 홍수특성을 연관지어 분석하기 위해서는 비교가능한 홍수특성을 추출해야 하며 이러한 일관된 잣대를 사용한 홍수분석은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 소유역의 자료부재를 보완하기 위해 자료공간확장 방법을 제안하고 이를 통하여 안동댐 유역내 총 50개 지점의 홍수 시계열자료를 생성하였다. 자료공간확장 방법으로써, 안동댐유역의 1989년부터 2009년까지의 자료의 질이 좋은 20개의 사상을 추출하였고 안동댐유역 내에 위치한 안동댐, 도산, 소천의 수위관측지점의 관측유량자료에 대해 분포형 모형인 GRM 모형의 매개변수를 시행착오법으로 동시에 보정하여 한 개셋의 최적 매개변수를 추정하였다. 이때 모의결과를 평가하기 위하여 Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) 계수를 사용하였으며 20갯 사상의 세군데 관측수위지점에 대해서 모의결과가 전반적으로 0.5 NS 계수 이상으로써 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 이 추정된 매개변수는 47개의 추가적인 관심지점의 유출모의에 사용되었으며 이렇게 모의된 유출시계열 자료는 관측시계열 자료로 가정하여 사용하였다. 이렇게 공간확장되어 생성된 시계열 자료는 이동평균방법을 사용하여 홍수강도-지속시간 곡선으로 변환되었고 50개 유역의 평균강우량 시계열 자료 또한 같은 밥법을 사용하여 강우강도-지속시간 곡선으로 변환되었다. 50개 유역의 비교가능한 일관된 홍수특성을 추출하기 위해 비유량법의 유출계수를 계산하였다. 유출계수를 계산하기 위해 유역별 도달시간을 계산하였으며 이 도달시간에 해당하는 강우강도를 추출하였다. 그리고 유역별 첨두 홍수강도를 유역별 도달시간에 해당하는 강우강도로 나눠줌으로써 유역별 유출계수를 계산하였고 이 유출계수를 유역면적에 대해 도시함으로써 그 경향을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 유역면적이 $100km^2$ 이상으로써 상류에서 하류방향으로 유역이 중첩되면서 증가하는 비독립적인 유역들의 경우 유역면적이 증가함에 따라 유출계수가 작아지거나 커지는 어떠한 경향을 보였다. 하지만 유역면적이 $100km^2$ 이하로써 독립적인 소유역의 경우 유역면적이 증가함에 따라 유출계수는 무작위로 분포되었다. 이것은 비독립적인 유역의 경우에는 호우가 홍수에 어떠한 일관된 영향을 미치나 각각 독립된 소유역의 경우에는 일관된 영향을 미치지 않음으로써 지역화방법에 의한 독립된 인근 미계측유역의 유출추정은 그 신뢰성이 높지 않다는 것을 의미한다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2012

Recently, evacuation safety of building residents becomes the major concern, as the building has been higher and more complicated. Many high-rise multi use buildings are under construction in Korea. Required evacuation time using stairway is longer in high-rise buildings, moreover it is impossible for the disabled to evacuate by using stairway. For this reason the study on the effectiveness of using elevator for evacuation is being progressed. Elevator shaft flow coefficient is the major factor for the calculation of elevator piston effect. The results of this study can be used for the study of elevator piston effect as basic data. The flow coefficient simulation was performed using FLUENT, commercial CFD program. As a result of the flow coefficient simulation, the coefficient is 0.88 considering the safety factor. This result is verified that the result of experimental study, 0.86 is conservative.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.6 s.96
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• pp.811-817
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• 2006

The primary purpose of this study is to estimate the guaranteed strength and construction quality of the combined high flowing concrete which is used in the slurry wall of underground LNG storage tank. The required compressive strength of this type of concrete become generally known as a non economical value because it is applied the high addition factor for variation coefficients and low reduction factor under water concrete. Therefore, after estimation of the construction quality and guaranteed strength in actual site work, this study is to propose a suitable equation to calculate the required compressive strength in order to improve its difference. Application results in actual site work are shown as followings. The optimum nix design proportion is selected that has water-cement ratio 51%, sand-aggregate ratio 48.8%, and replacement ratio 42.6% of lime stone powder by cement weight. Test results of slump flow as construction quality give average 616~634mm. 500mm flowing time and air content are satisfied with specifications in the rage of 6.3 seconds and 4.0% respectively. Results of strength test by standard curing mold show that average compressive strength is 49.9MPa, standard deviation and variation coefficients are low as 1.66MPa and 3.36%. Also test results by cored cylinder show that average compressive strength is 66.4MPa, standard deviation and variation coefficients are low as 3.64MPa and 5.48%. The guaranteed strength ratio between standard curing mold and cored cylinder show 1.23 and 1.32 in the flanks. It is shown that applied addition factor for variation coefficients and reduction factor under water concrete to calculate the required compressive strength is proved very conservative. Therefore, based on these results, it is proposed new equation having variation coefficients 7%, addition factor 1.13 and reduction factor 0.98 under water connote.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a tool that measures the satisfaction of virtual training learners' use of virtual training content. To this end, 491 copies of the basic questions derived from the satisfaction questions used by the K University Online Lifelong Education Center were used for the final analysis by conducting an online survey of learners who accessed STEP, the K University Online Lifelong Education Center portal. The 491 copies of data finally used were analyzed by methods such as basic question analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. First, in the basic question analysis, there were no questions that exceeded the acceptance criteria of an average of 4 points or more, skewness ±2, and kurtosis ±4. Second, the correlation coefficient for each sub-factor of virtual training content satisfaction derived after exploratory factor analysis was good as r=.682 to .822 (p<.01). The reliability coefficient for each sub-factor is content .849, content utilization .922, System and Operations Support .841, Intention to Continue Utilization .920, the overall reliability is. It was very high at .956 Fifth, as a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the compositional conceptual diagram is. It was .842 to .926, higher than the recommended standard of .7, and the average variance extraction degree. It appears to be .640 to .796, higher than the recommended standard of .5, which can be seen as representative of each constituent concept. As a result of verifying the validity of virtual training learners' content satisfaction recruitment, four factor models were derived: content substance, content utilization, system and operation support, and intention to continue use. This study is meaningful in that it empirically developed a tool to measure content satisfaction of virtual training learners and provided a reference frame and criteria.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

Recently, pay adjustment regulation (PAR) has been developed to induce better performing road pavements around the country. This regulation was successfully applied during rehabilitation of highway flexible pavements for the first time, and their results are the focus of this paper. For highway pavements, a lot has been defined by typical amount of works a day. This lot was further divided into several sublots depending on field conditions. According to AASHTO Quality Assurance Guide Specification, pay factors for each lot were statistically determined with field measurements of five performance indicators. And composite pay factors were calculated by accounting for the impact of individual performance indicators on a long-term performance of pavement. In 2008, the PAR was tested with asphalt overlays conducted at all six local headquarters of Korea Expressway Corporation. Also, concerns raised during implementation are discussed in this paper. Limited data used in this study showed that if all performance indicators fall within the construction limits with less variances final construction costs may increase by 50%, whereas 10% reduction in construction costs could be necessary if key performance indicators such as density do not meet the construction quality requirements.