• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.1-4
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 적외선 카메라 기반의 비접촉식 측정 방법을 이용하여 동공 반응 데이터를 수집하여 공감의 사회감성을 객관적이고 정량적으로 추정하는데 그 목적이 있다. 실험에는 10명(남 6명, 여 4명, M ± SD = 24.17 ± 2.16세)의 피험자가 참여하였다. 30초의 참조 데이터 측정 후, 공감 유무에 따라 과제는 얼굴 표정 모방 과제와 얼굴 표정 자발적 표현 과제로 구분되어 두 사람은 표정으로 상호작용하였고, 2번씩 반복 진행하며 적외선 카메라를 통해 동공을 촬영하였다. 이진화 및 원형 윤곽선 검출법의 영상처리를 활용하여 동공 데이터를 수집하였고, 이동 평균 기법을 활용해 눈깜빡임 노이즈를 제거하고 동공 크기 개인차로 데이터 표준화를 진행하였다. 공감 유무에 따른 동공 크기 데이터는 정규성 검증 및 독립표본 t검정을 통해 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 분석결과, 공감하는 경우(M ± SD = 0.508 ± 1.278)와 공감하지 않은 경우(M ± SD = 1.681 ± 0.968) 동공 크기가 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다(t(18) = -2.313, p = 0.033). 판별분석을 통해 동공 크기에 따른 공감의 유무를 추정하는 규칙을 정의하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 동공 크기 데이터를 이용한 공감의 사회감성 추정 기술은 비접촉식 카메라 기반의 기술로 스마트 글래스와 접목되어 다양한 분야에 활용도가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2013

Purpose: This research was performed to measure and analyze scotopic pupil size in myopes and to figure out the factors that influence it. Methods: The pupil size of 191 healthy myopic subjects were measured with the pupillometer (Colvard pupillometer, OASIS medical, USA) in scotopic and analyzed with the age, corneal size, spherical equivalent refractive error, corneal curvature. In addition, it was compared with the measurements of intra-examiner and inter-examiner to verify reproducibility of pupillometer. Results: The mean (${\pm}$SD) scotopic pupil size was $6.64{\pm}0.68$ mm (range, 5.00~8.00 mm), the lower age and the larger corneal size, The bigger the pupil size. The lower spherical equivalent refractive error and steepper corneal curvature tends to be smaller. The reproducibility of intra-examiner and inter-examiner in pupillometer showed the reliability highly (Guttman splithalf point > 0.91). Conclusions: The pupil size associated with age, corneal size, spherical equivalent refractive error and corneal curvature in scotopic condition. It can refer to prevent inconvenience that may occur RGP contact lenses, cataract surgery and refractive surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.95-117
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• 2022

This study developed and evaluated audio-visual (AV) semantics-based video summarization methods using eye tracking and electroencephalography (EEG) data. For this study, twenty-seven university students participated in eye tracking and EEG experiments. The evaluation results showed that the average recall rate (0.73) of using both EEG and pupil diameter data for the construction of a video summary was higher than that (0.50) of using EEG data or that (0.68) of using pupil diameter data. In addition, this study reported that the reasons why the average recall (0.57) of the AV semantics-based personalized video summaries was lower than that (0.69) of the AV semantics-based generic video summaries. The differences and characteristics between the AV semantics-based video summarization methods and the text semantics-based video summarization methods were compared and analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.789-792
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• 2005

최근 급격히 발전한 휴대폰은 다양한 기능을 가지고 있다. 그 중 디지털 카메라의 기능을 겸비한 휴대폰은 디지털 카메라의 판매량을 앞서고 있고, 메가픽셀의 고화소 디카폰의 개발로 대중화가 더욱 가속화되고 있다. 카메라폰을 응용한 연구분야로는 생체인식기술을 적용할 수 있으며, 본 논문은 제약이 많은 휴대폰 환경에서 홍채인식기술을 적용하기 위한 휴대폰 카메라로 취득된 얼굴영상에서의 눈 영역을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 얼굴영상에서 눈은 피부나 머리카락보다 빛에 대한 반사율이 높아 각막에 specular reflection이 생기게 되고, 동공은 눈의 다른 지역에 비해 흑화소가 많다는 특징을 가지고 있다. 이러한 두 가지 특징을 이용하여 동공 후보 영역을 선정하였고, 선정된 이진영상에서 수평 프로파일과 수직 프로파일을 적용하여 동공 후보 영역을 줄이면서 동공의 중심 위치를 검출한다. 본 연구는 휴대폰 환경을 고려하였기 때문에 최소한의 메모리 사용과 적은 연산량을 목표로 하여 눈의 위치를 검출 한다. 실험 결과, 입력 영상 내에 일정크기의 동공영역이 존재할 경우 높은 눈 영역 추출 성공률을 보이며, 본 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘을 실제 휴대폰에서 수행한 결과 평균571.6ms의 시간이 소요됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.383-387
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the effect of corneal unique shape to changes of refractive full corrections when pupil size changes. Methods: Subjective refraction for monocular full correction was performed to 30 subjects ($23.33{\pm}1.78$ of age, 60 eyes) in two room conditions, 760 lx and 2 lx, respectively. Pupillary diameter was measured in two conditions and the change pattern was analyzed using a peak data of corneal topography. Results: Pupillary diameter was 3.74~4.00 mm in 760 lx and 5.52~5.90 mm in 2 lx. By comparison with refractive data in 760 lx, those data in 2 lx was changed as follows: more (-) spherical power of 17 eyes (28.3%), more (+) spherical power of 10 eyes (17.7%), more (-) cylinderical power of 17 eyes (28.8%), less (-) cylinderical power of 9 eyes (15.3%), and astigmatic axis rotation of 36 eyes (62.1%). From peak data of corneal topography, the changing pattern of two principal meridians was classified into 4 types. Conclusions: Expansion of the corneal refractive surface accompanied with pupillary dilation may be a main factor that effects the changing a values of subjective refraction because of unique corneal shape. Therefore, subjective refraction should be performed under the nearest lighting condition to a main living environment.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2000

We studied adsorption isotherm, surface properties and antibacterial activity of Cu treated activated carbon fiber (ACF). The BET surface area of Cu treated ACF are distributed to $688.2-887.8m^2/g$. The adsorption results show that BET surface areas move gradually to lower value with increasing treated Cu mole concentration. Using t-method, the specific micropore volumes and average pore size were obtained. From the SEM study, it is also observed that many of micropores in activated carbon fiber are blocked surface after the treatment. And we also observed that the activity of E. coli in kind of colon bacillus increases gradually to larger range with increasing Cu mole ratio. From these results, we suggest the antibacterial mechanism for metal treated ACF.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1816-1818
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• 2015

기존 시선추적 시스템의 문제점은 눈을 깜박이는 동안 동공의 크기 및 위치가 변화하여 시스템이 사용자의 시선 방향을 정확히 예측 할 수 없는 문제가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 얼굴이 포함 된 영상에서 눈을 검출하고, 눈 영역의 3개의 특징 (밝기 평균, 분산, 이진화 후 흑화소 영역 비율)을 추출하였다. 추출된 특징을 기계학습방법의 한 종류인 SVM을 이용하여 눈의 개폐여부를 판단할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였고, 그 결과 정확도는 81.4%가 나왔다. 제안한 방법은 동공을 검출하기 전 눈의 개폐를 먼저 확인할 수 있기 때문에 시선추적 시스템에서 처리시간을 단축시키고, 눈 깜박임에 따른 오차를 줄일 수 있다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of motion sickness on pupil rhythm. Sixteen volunteers of both genders (8 male, 8 female, mean age $25.67{\pm}2.43$ years) experienced VR contents in both 2D and HMD versions for 15 minutes, and their pupillary rhythms were compared. The irregular pattern of the pupillary rhythms, as demonstrated by increasing mean pupil diameter (mPD) and standard deviation of the pupil diameter (sPD), revealed motion sickness after experiencing HMD condition. The pupillary response is strongly related to the cognitive load, and the motion sickness can be interpreted as a change in the cognitive load caused by the increasing volume of visual information that must be processed and the conflict or inconsistency between different sensory modalities. The method proposed in this study could be a non-contact measurement method for the monitoring of motion sickness using a web-camera rather than previous sensor-based methods.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.795-806
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop an intervention program for improvement of elementary science-poor students' Basic Science Process Skill (BSPS) and to validate the intervention program's effectiveness using eye-tracker. The participants of this study were 35 elementary science-poor students. This study's method was the analysis of real-time eye movements during basic science process skill problem solving. SMI's 120 Hz iView XTM RED was used to collect EMD (eye movement data). Experiment 3.4 and BeGaze 3.4 programs were used to design experiment and to analyze EMD. The results of this study are as follows. First, we developed an intervention program including BSPS instructional strategy, behavior of teachers & student according instructional strategy stage, teachinglearning plan and learning note. Second, science poor students' BSPS ability has improved statistically significantly through the application of intervention program and BSPS problem-solving time decreased statistically significantly. Third, AFT (average fixation time) of BSPS Question and keyword area decreased statistically significantly. Fourth, APD (average pupil diameter) of BSPS problem-solving process expanded statistically significantly. Fifth, AST (average saccade time) of BSPS problem-solving process increased statistically significantly. Sixth, AFET (average fixation entry time) of BSPS problem-clue area was accelerated statistically significantly, AFT of BSPS problem-clue area reduced statistically significantly.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.469-482
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• 2018

Purpose : We investigated the change of spherical and comma aberrations after wearing aspheric soft contact lens (ASCL) in young myopes. Methods : Fifty young myopes ($23.15{\pm}1.70years$, spherical equivalent: $-2.90{\pm}1.75D$) were recruited and refractive errors were corrected using ASCL (Biotrue, Bausch+Lomb, USA). High order aberrations were measured in the 4 mm pupil size using the wavefront analyze and pupil sizes were measured with a pupillometer at the modes of scotopic condition (light off) at 3.5 m in the 100 lx illuminance condition. Results : Spherical aberrations and coma aberration of the 20s myopes were $0.026{\pm}0.031{\mu}m$ and $0.078{\pm}0.039{\mu}m$ respectively, and $0.019{\pm}0.026{\mu}m$ and $0.082{\pm}0.038{\mu}m$ after ASCL wear that spherical aberration was decreased and coma aberration was increased. However, spherical aberration was decreased in the 68% of the subject have positive spherical aberration, and increased in the 11% of the subject have negative spherical aberration. Coma aberration was increased in the 53% of the subject, did not change in the 19% of the subjects, and decreased in the 28% of the subject. Spherical aberration was not different with the refractive errors in low and moderate myopies, however, coma aberrations was higher in the higher myopes. Conclusion : In a scotopic condition without accommodation stimuli, spherical aberration is decreased after wearing ASCL, however in the subject have negative spherical aberration spherical aberration could be increased, and which is thought to be the influence of contact lens design and pupil size.