• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.115-139
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.63-66
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• 2003

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Objectives: Cognitive impairment in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients can be affected by sleep deprivation, anxiety and depression, which are common in RLS. The objective of this study is to investigate relationship between cognitive impairment and RLS in the non-medicated Korean elderly with controlling for psychiatric conditions. Method: The study sample for this study comprised 25 non-medicated Korean elderly RLS patients and 50 age-, sex-, and education- matched controls. All subjects were evaluated with comprehensive cognitive function assessment tools- including the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K), severe cognitive impairment rating scale (SCIRS), frontal assessment battery (FAB), and clock drawing test (CLOX). Sleep quality and depression were also assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and geriatric depression scale (GDS). Results: PSQI and GDS score showed no difference between RLS and control group. There was no significant difference between two groups in nearly all the cognitive function except in constructional recognition test, in which subjects with RLS showed lower performance than control group (t=-2.384, p=0.02). Subjects with depression ($GDS{\geq}10$) showed significant cognitive impairment compared to control in verbal fluency, Korean version of Mini Mental Status Examination in the CERAD-K (MMSE-KC), word list memory, trail making test, and frontal assessment battery (FAB). In contrast, no difference was observed between subjects who have low sleep quality (PSQI>5) and control group. Conclusions: At the exclusion of the impact of insomnia and depression, cognitive function was found to be relatively preserved in RLS patients compared to control. Impairment of visual recognition in RLS patients can be explained in terms of dopaminergic dysfunction in RLS.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1996

Objective : The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale(BCRS) are frequently using screening tests fur evaluating the cognitive function in clinical practice and research. The authors tried to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these tests for the patients with non-traumatic subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Method : We administered the MMSE and BCRS to 85 patients and 195 normal control group. In order to compare the test results according to the lesion site, we divided patients into left sided lesion group(21 patients), right sided lesion group(31 patients) and both sided lesion group(13 patients). Their cognitive function was evaluated by the BNA and daily living functional activity was examined by the IADLs(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale)and GERRI(Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument). Results : The results are as follows : 1) In the BNA, the patients scored significantly lower than control group at all items(except Right-Left Orientation and Motor Impersistence), but there were no difference in the MMSE(total score and all 5 items), and only 2 items(recent memory and self-care) were significantly different between two groups in the BCRS. 2) In the comparison by lateralization, there were significant differences among three groups at 3 items(Left Tactile Form Perception, Left Finger Localization and Right Finger Localization) in the BNA. But, there were no difference in the MMSE and BCRS. 3) In the correlation between daily living functioning and the MMSE/BCRS, control group showed no relation(except item of cognitive functioning), but patient group was significantly correlated with 3 items(social functioning, instrumental activities of daily living and cognitive functioning). Conclusions : These findings suggest that MMSE and BCRS are not useful as the test for cognitive function and discrimination of lateralization in patients with non-traumatic subcortical cerebrovascular disease. However, scores of these tests may be related with the functional level(such as daily living function) of patients.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2024

In this study, we analyzed chlorogenic acid indicator components in preparation for the additional listing of green coffee bean extract in the Health Functional Food Code and optimized caffeine for simultaneous analysis. We extracted chlorogenic acid and caffeine using 30% methanol, phosphoric acid solution, and acetonitrile-containing phosphoric acid and analyzed them at 330 and 280 nm, respectively, using liquid chromatography. Our analysis validation results yielded a correlation coefficient (R²) revealing a significance level of at least 0.999 within the linear quantitative range. The chlorogenic acid and caffeine detection and quantification limits were 0.5 and 0.2 ㎍/mL and 1.4, and 0.4 ㎍/mL, respectively. We confirmed that the precision and accuracy results were suitable using the AOAC validation guidelines. Finally, we developed a simultaneous chlorogenic acid and caffeine analysis approach. In addition, we confirmed that our analysis approach could simultaneously quantify chlorogenic acid and caffeine by examining the applicability of each formulation through prototypes and distribution products. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that the standardized analysis would expectably increase chlorogenic acidcontaining health functional food quality control reliability.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.107-112
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• 2016

Safety Critical Instrumentation and Control Systems perform those functions to maintain nuclear power plants' parameters within acceptable limits established for a design basis events and anticipated operating occurrence to ensure safety function. Those digitalized systems shall protect inadvertent and non-malicious behavior to ensure the reliable operation of systems, known as a Secure Development and Operational Environment(SDOE). SDOE would be established through managerial and technical controls. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of Cyclic Redundancy Checksum diagnostic, which is one of technical controls for SDOE, that can confirm the integrity of software of I&C systems to establish the secure environment. The results of this assessment would be the practical implementation of design and safety review of nuclear I&C systems.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.665-675
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• 2011

Dam as a Wetland can provide functions of ecological conservation, water quality improvement, landscape, and so on as well as. Dam's own various functions. Here we tried to assess function and value of Yongdam dam as a wetland by Hydrogeomorphic(HGM) Method which was developed by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In this study, the Upo wetland and Boryeong dam were selected as reference wetlands to assess the functional index of the Yongdam dam. As the results, we obtained the functional index values over 0.6 for total index of the Yongdam dam. It describes that Yong dam dam-wetland is providing over 60% functions of the Upo wetland and Boryung dam-wetland. This result suggests that dam-wetland can provide good wetland functions efficiently if we conserve and manage well.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2D
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• pp.147-157
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• 2012

Recent studies on development of level of service (LoS) for separated sewer pipe have simply shown high-level of LoS from the perspective of users and financial/social/economical factors, which results in poor connectivity to real maintenance work. The objective of this study is to develope the evaluation indicators of level of service in the manner of function by analyzing the separated sewer pipes with FAST, function analysis systems technique, used in value engineering. The evaluation indicators suggested in this study include all the functions of separated sewer pipes and show an advantage of focused function maintenance. Moreover, developed indicators help to manage archival history and to perform asset management effectively.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of the cognitive function and health-related quality of life. Study subjects were 35 elderly living alone and they participated in the cognitive program for 8 weeks regularly. The assessment of cognitive function was used by the Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment battery and the orientation, visual attention, spatial perception, motor praxis, visuomotor organization, thinking operation, and attention. The assessment of health-related quality of life was used by the Short form-8 health survey and the gerneral health condition, physical function and role, pain, vitality, social function, mental health, and emotional role. As the results, all the results of variables showed the statistically significant increase after the participation in the cognitive program. To improve the cognitive function and health quality of life of the elderly living alone, the participation in the cognitive program should be considered.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.597-612
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• 2022

Recently, large-scale mathematics assessments are shifting from traditional paper-based tests to computer-based tests, nationally and internationally. This study explored the mode effect (the difference in student achievement by the change of test mode) according to the types of test items, the technological function reflected in the items, the characteristics of students' computer use, and the computer-based test environment. To this end, we analyzed the results of the 2020 national assessment of educational achievement of high school mathematics conducted on a paper and computer basis. As a result, firstly, the mode effect induced by the mode transition was generally insignificant, but the mode effect was larger in the extended response type than other types. Secondly, there were differences in the mode effect according to the transition to test with computer mode where innovative items were added. Thirdly, the difference between mode effects was statistically significant according to the student's sense of efficacy in computer use. The results of this study suggest that innovative items should be introduced deliberately according to the targeted content and competency in evaluation, and that assessment design and environment preparation need to be carefully developed so that nonessential abilities other than students' mathematical ability or incidental situation do not distort the assessment results.