• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

Whiplash injuries often occur in motor vehicle collision accidents. This injury frequently occurs in the cervical region. However, the reason for this has not yet been clarified. In this study, a multi-body neck model with muscles was designed. Some muscles in the model were preloaded; these were previously determined using the concept of the follower load. Cervical spinal vertebrae, discs, and muscles were designed in accordance with the human cervical spine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preloads on muscles. The results imply that the whiplash model with preloaded muscles simulates practical situations more closely than models without preloads.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 2010

Objectives: The Purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of Whallak-tang(Huoluo-tang) to two patients with Whiplash injury. Methods: Patients are hospitalized at Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation, Bu-Chun Jaseng Oriental Medicine Hospital, diagnosed as Whiplash injury and treated mainly with herbal medine; Whallak-tang(Huoluo-tang). This study was measured by NDI(Neck Disability Index) and VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) score. Results: After taking Whallak-tang(Huoluo-tang), the patient's pain was controlled and slept well after treatment. VAS & NDI score were decreased. Conclusions: As seen in this two cases of whiplash injury, Whallak-tang(Huoluo-tang) has a positive effect to control pain with whiplash injury.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study is to figure out the effects of Muscle energy techniques on patients with Whiplash injury caused by traffic accidents Methods: This study was carried out on the 8 patients with cervical pain caused by whiplash injury. These patients was treated with muscle energy techniques addition to acupuncture treatment, physical therapy and herbal medication. The result of this treatment were evaluated by VAS, PAS and PSSG score. Results: The cervical pain of patients was significantly decreased in VAS, PAS and PSSG score. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it was suggested that MET treatment was effective in reducing cervical pain caused by whiplash injury.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2001

Object : This study was focused on finding out the better method of medical treatment of concussion after whiplash injury. Methods : This study has been carried out for two cases of concussion after whiplash injury which had been hospitalized at the Kangnam Oriental medical Hospital of the Dongguk University Results and conclusions : The concussion is caused by whiplash injury about $47\%. In the symptoms of concussion, there are lightheadedness, dizziness, neck pain, headache, photophobia, phonophobia, anamnesis disorder, concentration disorder, tinnitus, irritability, etc. It is considered more important that the treatment of nausea and vomiting than the removal of stagnation of blood. Oriental medical treatments including of herb-medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, chuna, taping have more economic favor and rapid effects than the others. so we report on two cases.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to compare the Effect of Acupuncture on Local Acupoints and Distal Acupoints for Patients with Whiplash Injury. Method : From January 1st 2009 to September 31th 2009, 10 patient were divided into 2 groups. One group was taken Local Acupoints, and the other group was taken Distal Acupoints. To check pain and treatment satisfaction, visual analog scale(VAS) and five-point likert scale were used before and after treatment. Result : Both acupuncture theraphy showed improvement in VAS and five-point likert scale. And Local Acupoints group showed more effective than Distal Acupoints group on five-point likert scale. Conclusion : This Study suggests that Acupuncture on Local Acupoints and Distal Acupoints can be applicable to improve symptom in Patients with Whiplash Injury.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of kinesio taping and neuromuscular rehabilitation exercise for patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders. Methods: Twenty acute whiplash-associated disorders patients were recruited for the study. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Neuromuscular rehabilitation group (NRG) received neuromuscular rehabilitation exercise, kinesio taping group (KTG) received kinesio taping. All subject was evaluated before and after intervention by their range of motion (ROM), neck disability index (NDI), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and fatigability. Results: First, the ROM was significantly increased in all group (p<.05). The NDI, NPRS and fatigability were significantly decreased in all group (p<.05). Secondly, NRG had significantly more increased ROM (flexion, both rotation) than KTG (p<.05). NRG had significantly more decreased NDI, NPRS and fatigability than KTG (p<.05). Conclusion: According to the results above, increased in range of motion in the neck, decreased in NDI, NPRS, fatigability were more effective in the NRG that received neuromuscular rehabilitation exercise than the KTG that received kinesio taping.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.138-145
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• 2004

The clinical features and therapeutic results of alopecia areata are variable and unpredictable. For example, genetic, psychic, immunologic factors are regarded as the reason of alopecia areata. For the relationship between alopecia and whiplash injury, Dr. Guun explained that whiplash injury by the traffic accident produces cervical muscle spasm, and it makes autonomic nerve change. The tropical changes accompanied with ischemic change of scalp vessels made by this mechanism cause alopecia areata. And Yesudian reported the case of scalp alopecia as the result of ischemic change following traffic accident. We have experienced a 25-year-old woman with Alopecia areata following whiplash injury by traffic accident, and who had no risk factor of it. The patient was treated by acupuncture and physical treatment. Her hair loss, cervical angle and pain were improved through acupuncture treatment. This case of alopecia areata following whiplash injury is uncommon, so we report the mechanism of it, but should collect more cases and observations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.75-86
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• 2000

Objectives : This study is to applied effectively to the acupuncture treatment for disorders following whiplash injuries. Methods : This study suggests five various ways and principtes of treating disorders following whiplash injuries by means of acupuncture. First principle is that acupuncture treatment is carried out on acupoint far from cervical spine at acute stage, on the other hand, Extraordinary Vessel and other acupuncture treatment such as five element acupuncture treatment is applied at chronic stage in order to control balance disoders due to cervical pathology. Second is acupuncture treatment will be performed in group of three part of Meridian System-Yangmyung, Taeyang, Soyang-according to cervical kinetic, its characteristic and location of pain. Third is acupuncture treatment could be performed on basis of theory of Eohyel-disorders and disturbance of blood circulation. Fourth is to decrease tension of SCM muscle, because disorders following whiplash injuries has much association to injury of CM muscle and is simillar to tension syndroms of SCM muscle. fifth is taping therapy could control and decrease disorders following whiplash injuries based on spiral balance taping theory. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture treatment for disorders following whiplash injuries will significally decrease pain and control syndrom caused by cervical disorder.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.107-115
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture treatment for whiplash injury patients caused by traffic accident. Methods : 58 patients were divided into two groups, experimental group and control group, of 29 patients each. Experimental group was treated with electro-acupuncture treatment and general acupuncture treatment twice per week for four weeks. Control group was treated with general acupuncture treatment twice per week for four weeks. We evaluated the treatment effect of each group with the visual analog scale(VAS) and neck disability index(NDI). Results : 1. In both two groups, VAS and NDI were decreased significantly in statistics as treatment went on. 2. From 1st medical examination day to 4th treated day and From 1st medical examination day to 8th treated day, there were significant reduction of the VAS in experimental group than control group. 3. From 1st medical examination day to 8th treated day, there were not significant reduction of the NDI in experimental group than control group. Conclusions : We suggest that cotreatment of electro-acupuncture treatment could be recommended as a useful therapy in the early stages whiplash injury patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.85-91
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of indirect moxibustion treatment for patients with neck pain caused by whiplash injury. Methods : From October 2010 to October 2011, 85 patients with neck pain caused by whiplash injury who admitted to Semyung oriental medical hospital were divided into two groups. Group A was treated by general acupuncture, group B by indirect moxibustion and general acupuncture. The efficacy of treatment was measured by visual analog scale(VAS) scores and neck disability index(NDI) scores of before and after 5 days to start treatment. Results : 1. Both group A and B represented effective improvement in VAS and NDI of neck pain caused by whiplash injury. 2. Group B has more statistical effect than group A. Conclusions : Through this research, indirect moxibustion treatment is considered to be effective reducing pain for patients with neck pain caused by whiplash injury.