• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.182-192
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• 2006

Background: Atherosclerosis has emerged as the leading cause of death in developed countries. At present, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are most commonly used for the investigation of Endothelial cells (EC). However, HUVEC are not found in arteries but only in veins. Currently there are many reports on methods used to isolate EC;, most of these methods require special equipment to remove contaminating smooth muscle cells (SMC). Materials and Methods: The method described here may be used to isolate not only ECs but also SMCs;,the approach presented here did not require special equipment. Rat aorta was treated with 2 mg/ml of type II collagenase solution for 45 minutes. The isolated cells from the aorta were incubated in medium G for a week;, only ECs could be separated. After the collagenase treatment, the rest of aorta was cut lengthwise, and left undisturbed to obtain SMCs in the culture dish for 10 days. To verify the purity of the isolated cells, we performed immunofluorescence and evaluated the results with transmission electron microscopy analysis. Results: The immunofluorescence study demonstrated specific expression of CD31 and ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin in the isolated ECs and SMCs, respectively. Cultured ECs and SMCs showed their own fine structure characteristics. Conclusion: These results suggest that this method for isolating ECs and SMCs may be especially useful for the study of atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2002

Background: The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis still depend on conserve therapy in major. Recent studies report that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) could modulate the incidence and progress of arthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA on the development of collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Materials and Methods: Female Louvain rats were used for this experiment. Rats were randomly assigned into either normal (n=8) or collagen-immunized groups, and collagen immunized groups were divided into control(n=8, normal diet) and n-3 PUFA(n=8, 5% n-3 PUFA in diet) groups. One week after feeding n-3 PUFA to rats, they were immunized with type II collagen emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant into tail and back. Development of arthritis was confirmed by x-ray and microscopic examination. Results: Incidence of arthritis at the 5th week after immunization was 38% in control and 0% in n-3 PUFA. Rats with arthritis showed edema in hind paws and inflammation in synovial membrane of the knee joint. Plasma glucose and insulin were not changed by both of immunization and diet. Plasma triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations were decreased by n-3 PUFA. Conclusion: n-3 PUFA may prevent or treat collagen-induced arthritis m rats. Further studies are needed for action mechanism of it.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.138-149
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• 1991

This study was aimed at investigation of the stimulatory innervations on the rat urinary bladder. Detrusor muscle strips of 15 mm long were suspended in isolated muscle chambers containing 1 ml of PSS maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ and aerated with 95% $O_2/5%CO_2$. Isometric myography was perfomed, and the results were as followings : Muscle strips showed "on-contraction" by electric field stimulation (EFS) frequency-dependently. The EFS-induced contraction was not affected by hexamethonium, a ganglion blocker, but abolished, by tetrodotoxin, a nerve conduction blocker. Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor enhanced the EFS-induced contraction which was inhibited by hemicholinium, an inhibitor of choline uptake at the cholinergic nerve ending. Such an EFS-induced contraction was antagonized by atropine only partially, and the atropine-resistant portion was completely abolished by the desensitization of purinergic receptors by prolonged incubatin of the strips in the presence of high concentratin of ATP. Bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist, elicited concentration-dependent contraction. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a purinergic agonist, induced a weak but concentration-dependent contraction of short duration. Bethanechol-induced contraction was not affected by ATP-desensitization, and ATP-induced contraction was not affected by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that there are at least two main stimulatory components of innervations in the detrusor muscle, cholinergic muscarinic and purinergic ; and those receptors are independent each other.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1991

Recently many authors have reported about the relationship of the volumes of hemorrhage in the brain parenchyme, hemorrhagic sites, optimal operation time, and the effects of mannitol and steroid on control of ICP to clinical manifestations. Many attempts to measue ICP in hydrocephalus, brain tumor, and head injury have been reported. But the measurements of intracranial pressure in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are rare. Intracranial pressure was monitored prospectively in 30 patients who had stereotaxic surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The results are as follows. 1. Intracranial pressure was increased in high $PaCO_2$. 2. There were no correlation in ICP, rebleeding and ADL at discharge(P > 0.05). 3. ICP was the most high level in 72 hours after operation. 4. There was 63.2% decrease in ICP after litigation with 6000 IU urokinase in the site of hemorrhage. 5. There was no correlation between the numbers of natural drainage and ADL at discharge(P > 0.05). 6. The higher the initial GCS, the higher the Postoperative GCS.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effect of GABA and related substances on the spontaneous contraction of rat small intestine. The rats(Sprague-Dawley), weighing 200-250g, were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the small intestine was isolated. Longitudinal muscle strips from duodenum, jejunum and ileum were suspended in Biancani's isolated muscle chambers and myographied isometrically. GABA and muscimol, a GABA A receptor agonist relaxed the duodenum and jejunum significantly, but baclofen-induced relaxation in those muscle strips was negligible. The effectiveness of GABA and muscimol in various regions were the greatest on duodenum, and greater on jejunum than on ileum The effect of GABA and muscimol was antagonized by bicuculline, a compeptitive GABA A receptor antagonist and picrotoxin, a noncomptitive GABA A receptor antagonist. Duodenal relaxation induced by GABA and muscimol was unaffected by hexamethonium, but was prevented by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that GABA inhibit the contractility of smooth muscle with distinct regional difference of efficacy, and the site of inhibitory action is the GABA A receptor existing at the presynaptic membrane of postganglionic excitatory nerves.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.24-34
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• 1991

Delayed emergence of speech or language are frequent causes for concern about development during early childhood. Dealy in evaluation and proper management until school entry in more likely to result in frustration, anxiety and school failure. Many language disturbances and their attendant behavior disorders respond to intensive language therapy. Authors analyzed the medical recoreds of 52 children with delayed language development evaluated during 30 months from January 1986 through June 1988. The results were as follows : 1. The majority of cases were evaluated at the age of 2-2.9 year old(16 cases, 30.8%) and 3-3.9 year old(11 cases, 21.2%) 2. Male to female ratio was 3 : 1 3. The most common cause was mental retardation(53.8%), followed by developmental language disorder(23.1%) and autism(13.5%) 4. The most common associated condition was dysarticulation(17.3%), followed by strabismus(9.6%) and seizures(7.7%) 5. Special education was recommended in cases of 23(44.2%), speech therapy in 12 cases(23.1%) and consultation to child psychiatry in 7 cases (13.5%). Making diagnosis of underlying disorders is not simple because assessment of intelligence in young children is difficult and only a few tests are standardized. More detailed study on children with delayed language development and development of psychometric tests for the handicapped children are necessary, especially in Korea.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.84-94
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of high does carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) on the hepatotoxic effect of dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) which induces acute hemorrhagic necrosis in liver. Rats were injected intraperitoneally DMN dissolved in physiologic saline by a dose of 40mg/kg. For changes related to $CCl_4$ pretreatment, rats were injected intraperitoneally $CCl_4$ dissolved in olive oil by a dose of 0.4mg/kg, and then injected DMN. The livers were extracted from the rats 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after $CCl_4$ and/or DMN injection. Liver tissues were examined with light and electron microscopes. The results were summarized as follows ; Light microscopic findings : Severe centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis developed from 12 hours after injection of DMN and continued to 120 hours. On injection of DMN after $CCl_4$ pretreatment, Massive necrosis occurred early. But active regenerative changes were produced in 24 hours. In 120 hours, the liver recovered in almost normal appearance. The degree of necrosis in pretreated group was similar to that in DMN injection only, and the time of recovery was faster in preteated group. Electron microscopic findings ; The early change was mainly disorganization of RER in DMN injection, and clumping and vesicular dilatation of ER in injection of $CCl_4$. In pretreatment group the early change was similar in appearance with $CCl_4$ group, but severer in degree. According to the results, it was revealed that acute toxic effect of DMN was recovered more rapidly in pretreatment group. Thus it was suggested that $CCl_4$ had protective effect in DMN hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 1991

A total of 53 gastric adenomas from endoscopically biopsied gastric mucosa were examined histopathologically. The average age at the time of endoscopic biopsy was 59 years, and gastric adenomas were found to be more frequent in the aged, particularly above the age of 50. The majority of adenomas occurred at the antrum. Concerning the shape of the adenomas, Yamada type II was more frequent(55%). All adenomas were accompanied by varying degree of intestinal metaplasia, and this findings suggest that gastric adenoma develops from intestinal metaplasia. In adenomas with severe atypia(grade III), endocrine cells(argyrophil and argentaffin cells)were markedly decreased or absent. Gastric adenocarcinomas coexistent with adenoma were seen in 5(9.4%) out of 53 cases, and were more frequent in male than female patients(sex ratio, 4 : 1) and the average age was 61.4 years. It is suggested that there is a necessity of thorough follow-up study for definitive correlation between gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of stroke on hypothalamic-pituitary axis using dexamethasone suppression test. The effects were evaluated according to age, sex, type, size, and lesion site of stroke. These tests were performed in 62 patients with stroke(cerebral infarction, 42 cases : intracerebral hemorrage, 20 cases) and 21 disabled controlled patients without intracranial diseases at Yeungnam University Hospital from June 1992 to June 1993. The results summarized as follows. 1. Cerebral infarction showed significantly higher frequency of DST non-suppression in stroke patients than control(p<0.05). 2. Patients with left hemisphere stroke showed more frequent abnormal neuroendocrine test results(p<0.01) 3. Patients with large infarction revealed strongly non-suppressed DST results(p<0.01). 4. Sinificantly higher basal cortisol level in patients with cerebral infarction was noted(p<0.01). 5. There are no statistical significance between DST results and sex, age, motor impairment, type of cerebral infarction.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.146-152
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• 1994

We performed the same day dipyridamole stress/rest myocardial SPECT in 14 healthy young men, reconstructed the polar maps according to Cedars-Sinai method and quantitated the radioactivity of myocardial wall. We divided the whole myocardium to 9 sectors. The latero-anterior wall contains the highest count. The infero-septal wall contains the lowest count. There isn't any significant differences of radioactivity in each segment between stress and rest polar map. The hemodynamic parameters after dipyridamole injection in the subjects were significantly changed except systolic blood pressure : the heart rate was increased and diastolic blood pressure was decreased. Adverse effects were reported in 85.7%. We suggest that these data can be used to dectect perfusion defect in the coromary artery disease.