• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2015

Purose : This study was to find the factors of guideline and expressing outcome about powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities. Method : The chosen studies were 38 published in Korea or abroad from 2000 to 2014, and the key research is 2 review articles among them. And 19 studies were used by first search and 2 review articles to find outcome factors and categorize followed ICF terminology. Moreover, 2 studies were analysed to find the guidelines about powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities. Result : All reviewed researches were published abroad. These suggested that powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities didn't affect delayed development but many advantages. And they recommended checking information about the guideline, child, parents and environmental support befor applying the powered wheelchair to children with disabilities. Also, they usually used participation level to express outcome about powered mobility use. Conclusion : The power wheelchair was useful means of mobility for children who were delayed movement, and it was important strategy to apply the powered wheelchair early for promote children's development and participation normally. Finally, professionals needed to intervene contextual approaches concerning children's families and environment, also institutional and social effort.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.451-453
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• 1988

1. 회신율은 연구 주관기관이나 설문조사 내용, 표본의 성격, 응답자에게 주는 이익의 정도, 독촉 방법에 따라 많은 차이를 보이겠지만 본 사례에서 우편설문에 관한 응답양상을 살펴본 바, 회신율에 있어서는 1차 발송후 총 대상에 대하여 약 15-20% , 미응답 대상에 대한 2차 발송 후 2차 대상의 약 30%, 1, 2차 미응답 대상에 대한 3차 발송후 3차 대상의 약 20%정도의 회신율을 보여 총 회신율에 있어서는 약 54%정도를 보이었다. 이것은 사회과학 연구 조사에서의 회신율 10-25%에 비하여는 상당히 높다고 할 수 있고(김경동, 1986), 질문서 회신율이 50%면 분석의 목적 상 무난하다고 보아야 하고, 60%면 좋은 편이고, 70%가 넘으면 아주 훌륭하다는 Babbie(1973)의 의견에 비추어 볼 때 무응답 대상에 대한 비교연구가 수반되어야 정확한 판단을 내릴 수 있겠지만 본 사례에서의 회신율은 그런대로 만족할 수 있는 수준이라고 생각된다. 2. 미응답 대상에 대한 독촉 발송 시기에 있어서는 미응답 대상에 대하여 최초 발송 2주일 후 정도가 적절할 것으로 판단되며, 3차 발송까지 시행하는 것이 회신율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 생각된다. 3차 발송 이후에도 응답이 없는 경우 또다시 독촉(4차 이상 발송)하여도 전체 회신율에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 예상된다. Christopher는 정부의 후원을 받는 조사 연구의 경우 회신율이 높다고 보고하였는데 이번 조사연구에서도 관련 부처로부터의 협조 공문이 회신율을 높이는데 기여하였다고 사료된다(Oppenheim, 1966).

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of research papers on ginseng to provide an overview of global ginseng research. The qualitative and quantitative interpretation was carried out using collected data of Panax species and six other herbal plants from the Web of Science^TM Core Collection. We summarized and classified them by country/territory and institutions based on the corresponding author's institution. The first ginseng paper appeared in 1905 and since then, 8,090 papers have been published until 2019. Among them 7,385 papers were published in recent 24 years from 1996 to 2019. It was 18 papers in 1980, 53 in 1990, 97 in 2000, 369 in 2010, and increased to 678 in 2019. Proportion of ginseng papers in total number of scientific papers were also greatly increased, namely, 0.0008% in 1970, 0.0044% in 1980, 0.101% in 1990, 0.0141% in 2000, and 0.0422% in 2019. 7,099 original research papers including notes and 286 review papers were published during last 24 years. Total 3,286 institutions in 78 countries and 1,274 journals contributed to the publication of ginseng papers. Korea was the leading country in ginseng papers up to 2013, however, China took over the top from 2014. Chinese institutions contributed 40.3% of total papers followed by Korea (34.7%), USA (6.0%), Japan (4.1%), and Canada (2.9%). Ginseng was the most studied medicinal plant during last 24 years followed by tea, garlic, ginkgo, and ginger whose number of papers were 6,499, 3,641, 2,590, and 1,945, respectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2014

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of pinus rigida specimens treated with methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid $M^{n+}$ ($PIPEABPM^{n+}$)s and methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP). Pinus rigida Plates were painted in three times with 15 wt% $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ and PIPEABP solutions at the room temperature respectively. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was indicated that the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ showed the lower speed to peak mass loss rate ($MLR_{peak}$), (0.104~0.121) g/s than that of PIPEABP plate. In adition, the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ showed both the lower total smoke release rate (TSRR), (224.4~484.0) $m^2/m^2$ and $CO_{mean}$ production (0.0537~0.0628) kg/kg than those of PIPEAB plate. Especially, for the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ by reducing the smoke production rate except 2nd-smoke production rate (2nd-SPR), (0.0254~0.02270) g/s treated with $PIPEABPNi^{2+}$, 2nd-SPR (0.0117~0.0146) g/s was lower than that of PIPEABP plate. Thus, It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties were improved by the partial due to the treated $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ in the virgin plate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to develop the design criteria of traffic island considering pedestrian level of service (LOS). In pursuing the above, this study gives particular emphasis to suggesting the minimum design space of traffic island in order to maintain pedestrian LOS C and D, and the critical pedestrian traffic volume that reflects the intersection geometry (2 lanes per direction) through the simulation analysis. The main results are as follows. First, the spaces of 160 traffic islands, which meet the pedestrian LOS C and D and reflects the pedestrian traffic volume by signal cycle, are drawn by using a commercial simulator VISSIM. The relevant spaces of traffic island in terms of both the pedestrian LOS and the pedestrian traffic volume are evaluated to range from $3.0m^2$ to $41m^2$. Second, the critical pedestrian traffic volume for the operation of traffic island is evaluated to be 1,000-1,300 person/hour at LOS C and 1,600-1,800 person/hour at LOS D, respectively, when a cycle of 120-150 seconds were applied to a intersection with two lanes per direction.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 1987

임원 십육지내에 있는 음청류 중 차에 대하여 요약하면 아래와 같다. \circled1 차의 제법은 엽차나 말차를 향약이성 재료와 꿀 등의 감미료를 첨가하여 엽차를 사용하지 않고 비탕한 것으로 나눌 수 있었다. \circled2 차 재료의 사용부위별을 보딘 열매를 이용한 것이 대부분을 차지하고 있으며 곡물 사용도 많았다. \circled3 문헌을 인용한 것은 중국 원나라 문헌인 거가 필용과 이조 문헌인 증보산림경제에서 주로 인용한 것으로 보아 이조시대에서는 순수한 차의 흔적은 별로 없으나 향약이성 차가 많이 있었다. \circled4 차는 건위, 청심, 윤폐, 해독, 지갈작용을 하는 것이 특징이며 또한 다른 음청류에서 볼 수 없는 보간 역할을 하며 강장 작용도 있었다. \circled5 관능 검사 결과 차는 향기와 감미가 현대의 차류 보다 좋았으며 특히 현대의 단순한 맛보다 복합적인 맛이 있었다. \circled5 우리 나라의 차는 신라시대 이전은 역사가 뚜렷하지 못하기 때문에 차에 대한 기록이 많지 않으나 종일신라시대부터 차를 본격적으로 먹였으며 고려시대에 와서 차풍이 대단히 성행하여 일종의 음차가 예식화 되었다가 이조에 와서는 엽차의 제법이 까다롭고 달이는 법 또한 복잡하여 순수한 차가 없어지고 향약치성 재료로 한 차가 성 행 하였다. 개발 가치성은 강죽차가 가장 높았으며 전체 음료중 차의 개발 가치성은 59%로서 높은 편이며 가치성이 없다는 것은 4%로서 가장 낮았다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2015

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of pinus rigida specimens treated with methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid $M^{n+}$ ($PIPEABPM^{n+}$)s and methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP). Each pinus rigida plates were painted three times with 15 wt% $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ or PIPEABP solutions at the room temperature. After drying specimens treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was indicated that the speed to peak mass loss rate ($MLR_{peak}$), (0.104~0.121) g/s for specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ was lower than that of PIPEABP plate. In addition, the total smoke release rate (TSRR), $(224.4{\sim}484.0)m^2/m^2$ for $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ treated specimens except specimen treated with PIPEABPAl3+ and $CO_{mean}$ production (0.0537~0.0628) kg/kg was smaller than that of PIPEABP plate. In particular, for the specimens treated with $PIPEABPM^{n+}$ by reducing the smoke production rate, the second-smoke production rate (2nd-SPR) $(0.0117{\sim}0.0146)m^2/s$ was lower than that of PIPEABP plate. It can thus be concluded that combustion-retardation properties of the treated $PIPEABPM^{n+}s$ were partially improved compared to those of the virgin plate.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6D
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• pp.605-613
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• 2010

In this study, Impact factors are represented and barrier height of compact car road of safety barrier is suggested through the investigation of applying problems of existed standard of general car road. For this, traffic accidents analysis is performed and based on the analysis, impact vehicle weight, impact Angle, crash velocity, and barrier height are investigated. For the decision of impact angle, analysis is carried out by comparison of RISER and 2-lines expressway accidents data. Through this, higher-impact angle is suggested. Vehicle weight data of sub-compact car, small vehicle, medium and large vehicle, SUV, small truck is surveyed and analyzed. Based on the accident accumulation rate, regression analysis of vehicle weight impact and impact velocity is performed. Also, based on the cumulative rate of vehicle weight on expressways near Seoul, barrier height of compact car road is calculated. It is noted that the results of this study will be contributed to the decision of barrier type.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2014

This study analyzed 548 pieces of these, which were reported in the Journal of Dental Hygiene Science of having been published from 2001 to Vol. 12, No. 6 in 2012. In conclusion, as for analysis of research design, first, it was the largest in cross sectional research. Second, the research subjects of survey theses were higher in order of dental hygienist and dental hygiene student. Third, number of thesis authors was the largest in order of two persons and three persons. Fourth, statistical method was in order of descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Research theme was in order of dental health behavioral science and clinical dental hygiene. Fifth, as for research-expense benefit, only 17.7% was supported research funds. As a result of this study, there should be a research on thesis of diverse designs in the future. There is a need of being performed actively a research on alienated classer or special subjects as well as a research on activity related to dental hygiene.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of Pinus rigida plates treated with bis-(dimethylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DMDAP), bis-(diethylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DEDAP), and bis-(dibuthylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DBDAP). Pinus rigida specimens were painted in three times with 15 wt% bis-(dialkylaminoalkyl) phosphinic acid solutions at the room temperature. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties were improved by the partial due to the treated bis-(dialkylaminoalkyl) phosphinic acids in the virgin Pinus rigida. Especially, the specimens treated with chemicals showed both the lower total smoke release rate (TSRR) ($16.94{\sim}18.92m^2/m^2$) and lower $CO_{2mean}$ production (1.98~2.09 kg/kg) than those of virgin plate. However the specimens treated with chemicals showed both the higher peak mass loss rate (PMLR) (0.1250~0.1297 g/s) and higher 1st-smoke production rate (SPR) (0.0153~0.0167 g/s) than those of virgin plate. Compared with virgin Pinus rigida plate, the specimens treated with the bis-dialkylamimoalkyl phosphinic acids showed partially low combustive properties.