• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1611-1622
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• 2011

The synchronization is one of the important issues for successful operation of femtocell. The synchronization of femtocell is distinctly different from that of larger wireless base stations in a number of important respects such as 1) The femtocell is located in indoor environment which may make it difficult to receive the adequate GNSS signals. 2) The backhaul of femtocell is connected to the public network which may have more PDV than private network. 3) The entire cost of femtocell needs to be very low. In our thesis, we investigate the candidate solutions including AGNSS (Assisted GNSS), NTP (Network Time Protocol), PTP (Precision Timing Protocol) and Cellular Network Listen for indoor timing solution. We propose the AGNSS-PTP Hybrid scheme which can improve time and frequency quality by selecting the better reference between AGNSS and PTP, and cover the standard status which are under discussion from IEEE, ITU-T, and IETF.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.5B
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• pp.338-347
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose the cooperative transmission scheme (CTS) for system throughput maximization in OFDMA based enterprise femtocell networks. In our scheme, the user equipment (UE) can receive the desired signal from serving femtocell BS (fBS) as well as an adjacent fBS. Thus, UE achieves an improved signal to interference plus and noise ratio (SINR) by the synchronized two signals. The performances of this strategy consider not only the call-level quality of service (QoS) but also the packet-level QoS. We first measure the call blocking probability and utilization for the downlink resources for various offered load in femtocell. Based on that, the outage probability and effective throughput of the system are simulated. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the outage probability for enterprise femtocell compared with conventional systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.519-525
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• 2014

In this paper, we show a scheme to directly access DLNA network with the 3G/4G communication module of a smartphone in home or office environment. By exploiting this scheme, end users can use DLNA service more conveniently regardless of the type of activated communication module in a smartphone. For the implementation of this scheme, we use a femtocell that is a basestation with small coverage. A problem caused by the IP address hierarch discrepancy between the IP address of 3G/4G module of smartphone and those of local network nodes is resolved by deploying local IP address scheme. The processing of multicasting packet, that is required in DLNA service, is enabled by using IP tunneling scheme. As a result, end user can access DLNA network regardless of the type of activated wireless communication module. We validate the design result by implementing it on a commercial WCDMA femtocell.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.7B
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• pp.505-516
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• 2012

According to distribute of resource of macro cell and reduce distance between transmitter and receiver, Femto cell system is promising to provide costeffective strategy for high data traffic and high spectral efficient services in future wireless cellular system environment. However, the co-channel operation with existing Macro networks occurs some severe interference between Macro and Femto cells. Hence, the interference cancellation or management schemes are imperative between Macro and Femto cells in order to avoid the decrease of total cell throughput. First, we briefly investigate the conventional resource allocation and interference cancellation scheme between Macro and Femto cells. So we found that cell throughput and frequency reuse ware decreased Then, we propose an adaptive resource allocation scheme based on the distribution of Femtocell traffic in order to increase the cell throughput and also maximize the spectral efficiency over the FFR (Fractional Frequency Reuse) based conventional resource allocation schemes. Simulation Results show that the proposed scheme attains a bit similar SINR (Signal to Interference Noise Ratio) distribution but achieves much higher total cell throughput performance distribution over the conventional resource allocation schemes for FFR and future IEEE 802.16m based Femtocell network environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed a Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) scheme called Graph Coloring based DCA (GC-DCA) to improve system performance for downlink femtocell networks with high density femto Access Point (AP) deployments. The proposed scheme consists of two steps: one is a femto AP grouping step considering interference and the other is a DCA step considering Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) for femto User Equipments (UEs). Simulation results show that the proposed GC-DCA outperforms other schemes in terms of the mean femto UE capacity and probability of femto UEs which have capacities less than a given transmit rate.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.144-156
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• 2010

기존 2G/3G 무선 네트워크에서 많은 네트워크 요소들과 관련된 파라미터들이 수동으로 설정되었다. 네트워크 구성 요소들과 이와 관련된 파라미터들의 설계, 설정, 통합 및 관리 기능은 효율적이고 신뢰성 있는 네트워크 운용을 위하여 매우 중요하다. 그러나, 이들 네트워크 파라미터 조정에는 전문적인 엔지니어의 수작업이 필요하다. 이러한 수작업 과정은 시간이 많이 걸리고 잠재적으로 수작업에 따른 오류 발생 가능성이 있다. 이동 통신 시스템에서 펨토셀 및 차세대 4G 도입이 가시화됨에 따라, 기지국의 설치 및 운용 과정에서 Self-Configuration, Self-Optimization 및 Self-Healing과 같은 자동화 기능을 포함하는 SON 기술에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 고에서는 LTE에서의 SON 기술 관련 주요 기술적 내용을 정리하고, 표준화 동향 및 업체 기술 동향에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

The heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) is most significant as a key technology for future fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. The heterogeneous network considered consists of randomly macrocell base stations (MBSs) overlaid with femtocell base stations (BSs). The stochastic geometry has been shown to be a very powerful tool to model, analyze, and design networks with random topologies such as wireless ad hoc, sensor networks, and multi- tier cellular networks. The HCNs can be energy-efficiently designed by deploying various BSs belonging to different networks, which has drawn significant attention to one of the technologies for future 5G wireless networks. In this paper, we propose switching off/on systems enabling the BSs in the cellular networks to efficiently consume the power by introducing active/sleep modes, which is able to reduce the interference and power consumption in the MBSs and FBSs on an individual basis as well as improve the energy efficiency of the cellular networks. We formulate the minimization of the power onsumption for the MBSs and FBSs as well as an optimization problem to maximize the energy efficiency subject to throughput outage constraints, which can be solved the Karush Kuhn Tucker (KKT) conditions according to the femto tier BS density. We also formulate and compare the coverage probability and the energy efficiency in HCNs scenarios with and without coordinated multi-point (CoMP) to avoid coverage holes.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.140-150
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• 2015

모바일 트래픽 증대는 향후 급격히 증가할 것으로 예측되며 LTE에서 AII-IP기반의 고속 대용량 데이터처리는 망의 부하증가를 의미한다. 비디오 컨퍼런싱, 온라인 음악, 게임, 영화 스트리밍, 네트워크 브라우징, 블로깅 등 현재 온라인 상에서 급격하게 사용되고 있는 새로운 애플리케이션들은 높은 대역폭(Bandwidth)과 고속용량이 필요하고 망 운용자들은 대역폭과 네트워크 용량 한계점을 줄이기 위한 해결책에 관심을 갖게 되었다. 이를 위해 3GPP에서는 데이터 오프로딩(Data Offloading) 기술을 정의하였으며 이는 펨토셀과 non-3GPF액서스 망 등과 정합하는 기술을 제공하였다. 본고에서는 망의 부하를 줄이기 위한 이들 오프로딩 기술에 대한 요구사항, 구조 및 구현 시 고려해야 하는 주요 이슈들에 대해서 살펴본다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.11
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 2014

In shipyard site, a ship is constructed by integrating lots of modules that are made in several sites with different capabilities and specifications. Recently, it needs to make a shipyard to be smart communicating various multimedia information with wired and wireless broadband networks between hierarchical shipyards. In this paper, we propose an additional function of an LTE femtocell local gateway at a remote shipyard, an information exchange method between hierarchical shipyards, and an offload method to separate the general traffic. To reduce traffic of duplicated requests in shipyard, we apply a D2D communication scheme for supporting communication between shipyard equipments without IP service network. Hence, it is expected to increase the productivity of shipyard industry with mobile communications, D2D and broadband Internet technologies.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.80-86
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• 2014

스마트 폰을 비롯한 모바일 기기들은 멀티미디어 정보를 포함하는 대용량 무선 데이터 서비스를 위해 진화하고 있다. 이에 따라 통신 서비스 제공업체의 네트워크들은 점점 더 복잡해지고 다양한 서비스를 위한 장비들로 구성되고 있다. 스몰셀 기지국(access point, Henb)들은 기존의 매크로셀과 같이 이동통신 사업자에 의해 지정된 최적의 위치에 설치되는 것이 아니고 사용자가 개별적으로 구매하여 설치하기 때문에, 셀의 배치를 위한 지역적인 설계가 없다. 따라서 스몰셀 기지국 스스로가 주변 환경을 탐지하여, 각종 파라미터를 최적으로 설정하는 것을 기본 성능으로 요구한다. 이에 따라, 과거 일정한 커버리지를 갖는 소형의 기지국 장비들을 지칭하던 펨토셀, 피코셀 등의 명칭도 현재에는 적응적인 커버리지 조절의 기능을 고려하여 스몰셀(small cell)로 통칭되고 있다. 스몰셀 기술은, 3GPP에서 스몰셀 기술이 제안되기 시작하면서 급증하고 있으며 국내외 학계와 업계가 표준을 기반으로 하는 R&D와 특허 출원을 현재에도 진행하고 있다. 각 국가들의 스몰셀 기술은 현재까지 발전기에 속하여 앞으로도 지속적인 연구개발과 표준화, 그리고 특허 출원으로 이어지는 국가간의 경쟁이 치열할 것으로 전망된다. 본 고에서는 스몰셀 표준을 통해 세부 기술을 도출하고, 이로부터 관련 특허를 검색하고 분석하여 향후 표준 특허로 확보하는 방법론을 제시한다.