• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6114-6118
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• 2013

This study examined the ultrasonic pulse reflection method(UPRM) for testing each ultrasonic pulse waveform model(UPWM) based on weld defects. The sharp crack of a clear signal was generated. The echo height of the defective probes changed according to the location. In a long crack in a circle around the defective probes, the Swivel scanning echo height when using the particle was reduced drastically. The peaks in the echo were thin because the needle was pointed. The porosity defects arising from a single echo was sharp and crisp, but a number of pores of the collective reflection overlapped and ajagged echo was observed. Slag, slag inclusions, cracks, and defects at the Swivel scan of each particle using the echo shape showed difference in the degree. Cracks were revealed as sudden changes in the echo height of the slag inclusions: increase ${\rightarrow}$ decrease ${\rightarrow}$ increase ${\rightarrow}$ decrease. In addition, the location of a number of defects in the dense pore geometry, such as a typical echo sundry, revealed the shape in the slag. Poor penetration of the defect echo, revealed the cracks to have a sharp-edged, crack-like shape with an echo.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2002

목적：$\Delta{R}_1$과 $\Delta{R}_2\;^{*}$은 $T_1$, $T_2\;^{*}$로부터 직접 구해야 하지만, 시간 해상도 때문에 각각 $T_1$, $T_2\;^{*}$ 강조영상으로부터 구하는 것이 일반적이다. $T_1$, $T_2\;^{*}$ 강조영상으로부터 얻은 $\Delta{R}_1$과 $\Delta{R}_2\;^{*}$ 과 이중 경사 자장에코 펄스열로부터 얻은 $\Delta{R}_1$과 $\Delta{R}_2\;^{*}$ 를 컴퓨터 가상 실험을 통해서 비교한다. 강조 영상의 신호 세기만으로는 정확한 관류 정보를 얻을 수 없음을 보이고자 한다. 대상 및 방법： 알려진 $\Delta{R}_1$과 $\Delta{R}_2\;^{*}$ 값을 이용하여 강조영상으로부터 구할 수 있는 $\DeltaR_1$과 $\Delta{R}_2\;^{*}$ 을 농도에 따라서 가상실험으로 구하고, 이 값과 이중 경사 자장 에코 펄스열로부터 구할 수 있는 $\Delta{R}_1$과 $\Delta{R}_2\;^{*}$를 가상실험으로 구해서 비교한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.464-474
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• 2003

Ultrasonic imaging of 3-D structures for nondestructive evaluation must provide readily recognizable images with enough details to clearly show various flaws that may or may not be present. Typical flaws that need to be detected are miniature cracks, for instance, in metal pipes having aged over years of operation in nuclear power plants; and these sub-millimeter cracks or flaws must be depicted in the final 3-D image for a meaningful evaluation. As a step towards improving conspicuity and thus detection of flaws, we propose a pulse-echo ultrasonic imaging technique to generate various 3-D views of the 3-D object under evaluation through strategic scanning and processing of the pulse-echo data. We employ a 2-D Wiener filter that filters the pulse-echo data along the plane orthogonal to the beam propagation so that ultrasonic beams can be sharpened. This three-dimensional processing and display coupled with 3-D manipulation capabilities by which users are able to pan and rotate the 3-D structure improve conspicuity of flaws. Providing such manipulation operations allow a clear depiction of the size and the location of various flaws in 3-D.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1998

The mapping of the spin-spin relaxation time T2 in pixel-by-pixel was suggested as a quantitative diagnostic tool in medicine. although the CPMG pulse sequence has been known to be the best pulse sequence for T2 measurement in physics NMR, the supplied pulse sequence by the manufacture of MRI system was able to obtain the maximum of 4 CPMG images. Eight or more images with different echo time TEs are required to construct a reliable T2 map, so that two or more acquisitions were required, which easily took more than 10 minutes. 4-echo CPMG imaging pulse sequence was modified to generate the maximum of 8 MR images with evenly spaced echo time TEs. In human MR imaging, since patients tend to move at least several pixels between the different acquisitions, 8-echo CPMG imaging sequence reduces the acquisition time and may remove any mis-regitration of each pixels signal for the fitting of T2. The resultant T2 maps using the theoretically simulated images and using the MR images of the human brain suggested that 8 echo CPMG sequence with short echo spacing such as 17-20 msec can give the reliable T2 map.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.15-22
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• 2000

This paper proposes a distributed highlight algorithm to generate efficiently echo signal for underwater target. In this algorithm, echo signal is synthesized by discontinuity highlights that are varied to incident angle, by equivalent and specified position highlights according to the spatial target structure. Completed UTAHID(Underwater TArget by Highlight Distribution) model is confrimed that PTS, ETS, echo elongation effect, target time spreading loss and envelope fluctuation are satisfied to expected values by various simulations. Thus it can be efficiently used in all sorts of real systems related to underwater target echo signal synthesis in active sonar.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

An echo planar imaging (EPI)-based spin-echo sequence Is often used to obtain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data on most of the clinical MRI systems, However, this sequence is confounded with the susceptibility artifacts, especially on the temporal lobe in the human brain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to design a pulse sequence that relatively immunizes the susceptibility artifacts, but can map diffusion tensor components in a single-shot mode. A multi-slice multi-echo pulsed-gradient spin-echo (MePGSE) sequence with eight echoes wasdeveloped with selective refocusing pulses for all slices to map the full tensor. The first seven echoes in the train were diffusion-weighted allowing for the observation of diffusion in several different directions in a single experiment and the last echo was for crusher of the residual magnetization. All components of diffusion tensor were measured by a single shot experiment. The sequence was applied in diffusive phantoms. The preliminary experimental verification of the sequence was illustrated by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for tap water and by measuring diffusion tensor components for watermelon. The ADC values in the series of the water phantom were reliable. The MePGSE sequence, therefore, may be useful in human brain studies.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.70-80
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• 2006

Spin echo gradient moment nulling pulse sequences were designed and implemented on a clinical magnetic resonance imaging system. A new technique was introduced for flow compensation that minimized echo time and effectively suppresses unwanted echoes on the slice selection gradient axis in spin echo sequences. A unified gradient shape was used in all orders of flow compensation up to the third order. A dual-purpose gradient was applied for flow compensation and to reduce unwanted artifacts. The sequences were used to generate images of phantoms and/or human brains. This technique was especially good at reducing eddy currents and artifacts related to imperfection of the refocusing pulse. The developed sequences were found to have shorter echo times and better flow compensation in through-plane flow than those of the previous models that were used by other investigators.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 1996

The pulse-echo response of the piezoceramics PZT-polymer 3-3 type composite transducers with various PVA additions were investigated. The PZT powder was prepared by the molten salt synthesis method. The porous PZT specimens will be used as a filler to make 3-3 type comosite were prepared from a mixture of PZT and polyvinylalcohol(PVA) sphere by utilizing BURPS(Bumout Plastic Sphere) technique. It was shown that the transmitting and receiving sensitivity of 3-3 type piezoelectric composite transducers could be improved than that of solid PZT transducers. The reason is that 3-3 type piezoelectric composite have low dielectric constant, density and acoustic impedance. The distance between transducer and reflector was in good agreement with the distance calculated from the longitudinal velocity of the specimens and receiving time observed pulse-echo responses on the ultrasonic transducer analyzer.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.288-292
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• 2016

In this paper, a novel ultrasonic propagation imaging system, called a full-field pulse-echo ultrasonic propagation imaging (FF PE UPI) system is introduced. The system nondestructively inspected targets with two-axis translation stage. The coincident laser beams for ultrasonic sensing and generation are scanned and pulse-echo mode laser ultrasounds are captured. This procedure makes it possible to generate full-field ultrasound in through-the-thickness direction as large as the scan area. Structural inspection results in the form of full-field ultrasonic wave propagation videos are introduced, which are painted sandwich control surfaces. In addition, the inspection results of FF PE UPI system are compared with conventional ultrasonic testing methods such as waterjet and portable C-scan.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

The information of contrast media concentration on target organ is very important to get reduce the side effect and high contrast imaging. We investigated alternation of signal intensity as a function of the modality of Gd-based contrast media on spin echo and ultra short time echo (UTE) of T1 effective pulse sequence at 3T MRI unit. Gadoxetic acid, which is a MRI T1 contrast medium, was used to manufacture an agarose phantom diluted in various molarities, and sterile water and agarose 2% were used as the buffer solution for the dilution. The gold standard T1 calculation was based on coronal single section imaging of the phantom mid-point with 2D Inversion recovery spine-echo pulse sequence MR imaging for testing of phantom accuracy. The 1-2mmol/L and 7mmol/L was shown the maximum signal intensity on spin echo and UTE respectively. We confirm the difference of contrast media concentration which was shown the maximum signal intensity depending on the T1 effective pulse sequence.