• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.234-243
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidative properties of cookies supplemented with mulberry pomace (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%). The bulk density, spread ratio, and leavening rate of cookies decreased with increasing amounts of mulberry pomace. The lightness and b value (of the Hunter color system) decreased based on the amount of mulberry pomace. The pH of cookies decreased (acidity increased) with increasing mulberry pomace. The soluble solid content increased according to the amount of added mulberry pomace, but the amount of reducing sugars decreased. In texture analysis, cookies with 12% mulberry pomace had the highest hardness. Total phenol and flavonoid content increased according to the amount of mulberry pomace added. Antioxidant activities, such as DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and FRAP were highest in cookies with 12% mulberry pomace. In the sensory evaluation, sensory scores for color, taste, flavor, texture, and overall preference were highest in cookies with 8% mulberry pomace. Thus, our results suggest that the optimum amount of mulberry pomace to add to cookies is 8%.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.250-259
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• 1982

The Larch was known unsuitable species for the wood cement board owing to its some inhibitory substances. Therefore this research was carried out to evaluate the effect of pretreatments and chemical additives on the properties of woodflake cement board from Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) grown in Korea. In order to improve the board qualities, the woodflakes were treated by cold water or dilute NaOH solutions(0.1, 0.5, and 2.0%), and also some chemicals($CaCl_2$, $Al_2Cl_3$ and $Na_2SiO_4$) added to the wood cement mixture. The results obtained are summarized as follow; 1. The wood cement boards from the woodflake treated with 0.1% NaOH showed remarkable higher bending strengths and internal bonding strengths than those from the flake pretreated with cold water. 2. The bending strengths showed over $60kg/cm^2$, i.e. the standard strength of JIS A-5417, with pretreatments of NaOH over 0.1% and additive of $CaCl_2$ 3.0%. The maximum strengths showed at about 0.5 of every additives. 3. Addition of $CaCl_2$ and $Al_2Cl_3$, in the case of pretreated wood with NaOH above 0.1%, had effects on increasing the internal bonding strengths of sample boards. 4. The thickness swellings became decreasing along with the increasing NaOH pretreatment concentntration. 5. The equilibrium conditions of the sample boards pretreated with NaOH over 0.1% and added with $Al_2Cl_3$ and $CaCl_2$ were maintained at 9.0~10.5% moisture contents. 6. The specific gravity of the samples showed close relationships with strength properties.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.395-405
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• 2009

The maturity of amber matrix and inclusion was studied to explore the effect of heat treatment on the formation of the sun spangle in the transparent Baltic amber from Gdansk, Poland. Optical microscope revealed two types of inclusions in the original amber samples. The inclusions in the amber which had sun spangle were dramatically expanded by the heat treatment, comparing to those without sun spangle which contains fissure and shows different refractive index. The amber sample which didn't show sun spangle after the heat treatment showed a strong carbon related peak in TOF-SIMS spectra and weak oxygen related peak. it means that the maturity of this amber sample is comparatively higher than the one with spangle. The two amber samples show similar IR spectra before the heat treatment. However, the amber which had sun spangle exhibited an additional 1019 $cm^{-1}$ absorption peak and a more intense 887 $cm^{-1}$ peak. The different chemical compositions between the two types of amber is believed to be due to the different absorption spectra between 1000~600 $cm^{-1}$. According to the study of DSC analysis, the two samples show different DSC profiles. Although they have the same geological origin, their geological ages are different and have different chemical compositions. Thus, they exhibited different behavior after the heat treatment. The formation of sun spangle seemed to depend on the difference in the heat expansion rate of amber matrix with different maturity and chemical compositions.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.148-165
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• 2017

Mural paintings drawn inside ancient tombs are very sensitive to changes in the environment such as temperature and humidity, especially the finish layer of the tomb murals differ in preservability depending on the material properties and humidity conditions. In this study, I examined the mural painting of Songsan-ri Tomb No.6, where the finish layer was made of earth, and identified the physical changes that can occur due to drying, depending on the material properties of the finish layer. I found out through particle size analysis that the finish layer of the mural painting in Songsan-ri Tomb No.6 is about 85.0wt% below silt, about 14.0wt% clay therein, mostly composed of silt and below clay. I also found out through physical property evaluation that surface change rate of samples showed the largest change at 15.5% in reproduced finish layer sample made up of bentonite, followed by 7.8% of reproduced finish layer sample made up of celadon soil, 6.3% of reproduced finish layer sample made up of loess, 6.2% of reproduced finish layer sample composed of white clay and the same order of change in appearance was confirmed in each sample consisted of soil. In addition, it showed the same trend of surface change rate, and the bentonite condition showed the largest change, in the measurement of shrinkage rate and expansion rate. The experiment shows that the finish layer composed of soil is affected by cohesion among particles according to the content of fine parts and the relationship between the agglomeration due to the content of the differentiated part and the stress due to the expansibility depending on the kind of the clay mineral etc. Therefore, it can be concluded that the physical damage occurred in the mural painting finish layer of the Songsan-ri Tomb No.6 is related to the factors such as the material characteristics of the soil and the highly humid environmental change inside the tomb.