• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.24 no.4 s.272
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• pp.134-137
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• 2002

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.4 s.50
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• pp.411-427
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• 2006

This study aimed to recognize characteristics of groundwater flow in fractured bedrocks based on zonal pump-ing tests, slug tests, water quality logs and borehole TV camera logs conducted on two boreholes (NJ-11 and SJ-8) in the city of Naju. Especially, the zonal pumping tests using sin91e Packer were executed to reveal groundwater flow characteristics in the fractured bedrocks with depth. On borehole NJ-11, the zonal pumping tests resulted in a flow dimension of 1.6 with a packer depth of 56.9 meters. It also resulted in lower flow dimensions as moving to shallower packer depths, reaching a flow dimension of 1 at a 24 meter packer depth. This fact indicates that uniform permissive fractures take place in deeper zones at the borehole. On borehole SJ-8, a flow dimension of 1.7 was determined at the deepest packer level (50 m). Next, a dimension of 1.8 was obtained at 32 meters of packer depth, and lastly a dimension of 1.4 at 19 meters of packer depth. The variation of flow dimension with different packer depths is interpreted by the variability of permissive fractures with depth. Zonal pumping tests led to the utilization of the Moench (1984) dual-porosity model because hydraulic characteristics in the test holes were most suitable to the fractured bedrocks. Water quality logs displayed a tendency to increase geothermal temperature, to increase pH and to decrease dissolved oxygen. In addition, there was an increasing tendency towards electrical conductance and a decreasing tendency towards dissolved oxygen at most fracture zones.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.293-304
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• 2013

Because the present groundwater law broadly regulates a simple and impractical guideline ignoring aquifer characters and geology, general purpose facilities for protection of groundwater contamination is still considered unsatisfactory to ensure groundwater resources. In recent, there have been growing attempts in the packer development as crucial techniques and devices for groundwater protection. This study investigated the application of packer grouting techniques to contaminated groundwaters of two well sites in the Andong and Yeongi areas, both of which revealed a satisfactory effect with improved water quality: 94% decrease in turbidity at the Andong area and 60% decrease in $NO_3$-N, respectively. Based on aquifer characters including geology, weathering depth, fracture pattern, hydraulic gradient, and the flow path of contaminants, the integrated properties of groundwater contamination should be evaluated and treated with the help of accurate analyses such as bore hole imaging and monitoring data. Packer grouting and casing on well to ensure the useful aquifer free of contaminant are expected to play important role in inhibiting the inflow of contaminants when adequately applied. Therefore it is concluded that these can serve as reliable tools in remediation and protection of contaminated groundwater as well as efficient utilization of groundwater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.106-109
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• 2004

지표하부 상층 오염지하수의 침투로 인한 암반 지하수의 오염을 방지하기 위하여 지하수 개발과정에서 반드시 지표하부 지하수 오염방지를 이행하도록 지하수법에 규정하고 있다. 널리 알려진 지표하부 오염방지 공법으로서는 팩카그라우팅 공법(packer Grouting Method), 트레미공법(Tremie Method)과 브레든 헤드 공법(Bradenhead Method)이 있다. 그러나, 현재 대다수의 지하수 개발 현장에서는 단순히 강관을 굴착공에 억지박음함으로써 지표하부 오염방지에 가름하는 사례가 다반사이며 깊은 심도의 경우에도 종래 공법으로는 한계를 가질 수밖에 없는 실정이었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 차폐 팩카(Protection Packer)를 이용하여 고, 저심도의 어느 지하수 심정에서나 용이하게 역주입 상향그라우팅이 가능한 여건이 될 수 있도록 시공 사례를 통해 연구를 수행하였다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.112-115
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• 2008

국내 축산업은 1970년대 재래식 사육방식에서 벗어나 기계화.자동화 시설을 갖춰 보다 전문적인 사육형태로 바뀌어가고 있다. 최근 산란계농장은 자동집란시설을 갖추어 빠른 시간 내에 효율적인 작업을 진행하고 있다. 이 같이 농장 내 자동화 시설을 갖추기 위해서 국내기술을 이용해 집란시설을 연구한 지현테크놀로지 심승원 사장을 만나 계란선별기, 자동팩커, 세란기 등 1990년대부터 끊임없는 연구에 대한 이야기를 들어보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.228-230
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• 2001

지하수 개발·이용을 위한 정호심도는 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이다. 이에 따라 보다 깊은 심도에서 또는 특정한 대수층에서의 대수성시험 및 오염방지를 위한 그라우팅 기술이 필요 하다. 기존의 팩커기술이 이를 기술적으로 만족시키고 있지만, 일반적인 정호에서는 경제성과 공정의 복잡성 때문에 적용이 보편화되어 있지 않다. 그러나 bentonite pellet을 이용하여, 간단하고 경제적으로 이 문제를 해결할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 1998

Packer-dilatometer techniques, which are borehole-dilatometer techniques using commercial rubber packer, were developed to measure the deformability of rocks. Packer-dilatometers for 0.5 inch, AX, BX, NX and HX size boreholes were developed and were used for rock deformability measurements in the field. In the packer-dilatometer method, the packer pressurizes the borehole-wall and the borehole deformation is determined by the amount of fluid injected into the packer. A detailed description of the theoretical development of quantitative interpretation of the packer-dilatometer method; apparatus, setup and procedures for the determining of calibration constants; contact pressure determination and field tests using the packer-dilatometer are provided.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.73-77
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• 2009

Two different aquifers with different characteristics developed in the study area - a lower and upper aquifer zone. Nitrate contamination of the lower aquifer zone was likely due to infiltration of nitrate-contaminated groundwater of the upper aquier zone through abandoned groundwater wells. In order to evaluate the feasibility of a preliminary packer designed to prevent nitrate migration through abandoned groundwater wells NO3-N concentrations of the upper and lower part of preliminary packer installed at four sampling sites were measured. Nitrate concentrations of the and lower part of Yechun sinwolri were 10.3 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L, respectively. Yechun eosinri, Yechun jeowooriis, and Andong hoegokri were $NO_3$-N concentrations in the upper (11.3, 11.0, and 14.6 mg/L) and lower (8.8, 1.6, and 8.0 mg/L), respectively. $NO_3$-N contents of all groundwater samples in the lower part after the preliminary packer installation showed 22~85% lower than those of the upper part.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2017

Permeating injection is commonly known as an ideal type of injection in grouting reservoir embankment, yet often-combined permeating and fracturing injection grouting operation can disturb the original soil. A grouting method has been regarded as effective and developed to ameliorate the possible disturbance problem. It involves compaction grouting with low expansive pressure near the injection hole and repetitive injection and compaction with grout material that allows ideal permeating injection. This thesis develops Hybrid Grout (ie. HG grout) that allows various application in any ground condition combined together, has high fineness and low viscosity, and expands permeation injection to silty sand. It researches on the injection effect of permeable compaction grout which is done with PC packer and is a combination of HG grout and expansion agent to obtain permeation compaction effect on the area near grout injection spot by developing Permeable Compaction Type Packer(ie. PC packer). As the developed PC packer, HG grout, and and expansion agent (HI-E) are applied to reservoir embankment reinforcement grouting, possibile permeation compaction effect that satisfies reservoir embankment grouting standard is confirmed according to the research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2014

This study researches on global technology trend in each of composing technology, such as grouting material, grouting equipment, and construction management technology, which grouting technology has been founded upon to improve relatively inadequate domestic grouting technology and to establish the global standard for overseas expansion in the future. As far as grouting material is concerned, while High-Penetration and High-Strength micro cement ($1.5{\mu}m$) has been developed in 2000's in Japan, JinChun Kim et al. (2014) has been developing hybrid type micro cement grouting material and examining specifications of different kinds of projects and countries to analyze the trend of grouting equipment development. The specification contains detailed requisite specification for materials, mixers, pumps, agitators, and packers and it has to satisfy the standard of different countries to win global contracts. Grouting management technology can be divided into four different generations and Scandinavian countries, such as Sweden, Norway, and Finland, Japan, and South Korea are recently doing vigorous researches on the Fourth generation which merges grouting technology with ICT.