• Title/Summary/Keyword: 파워계수

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Transparent and Hard PTFE-like Coatings by RF magnetron Sputtering of PTFE Polymer Target (PTFE 폴리머 타겟을 사용한 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링으로 얻어진 투명, 고경도 PTFE 유사 코팅)

  • Song, Yeong-Sik;Kim, Jong-Ryeol
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2016.11a
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    • pp.98.1-98.1
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    • 2016
  • PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) 는 벌크 형태는 물론 박막으로도 독특한 특성을 나타내는 물질이다. 매우 낮은 마찰계수, 발수표면특성, 화학적 비반응성은 다양한 방면의 적용이 가능하게 한다. 두께 $1-2{\mu}m$ 이나 50 nm 이하의 박막의 형태로서 발수 특성은 스퍼터링 조건에 따라서는 벌크 PTFE의 특성보다 뛰어나다. 순수한 PTFE 타겟을 사용하여 얇은 PTFE 막 증착을 위해 RF (radio-frequency) 스퍼터링을 하였다. 스퍼터 타겟 건 파워, 공정 압력, 그리고 기판 스테이지와 Si wafer 나 다양한 시편에 인가되는 RF 바이어스 (bias) 등과 같은 스퍼터링 변수의 변화가 가능하다. 공정 변수에 따라서 RF 스퍼터링에 의한 순수한 PTFE 박막과 바이어스가 인가된 유사 PTFE 박막을 비교하여 탐구하였다. 스퍼터링에 의한 PTFE 코팅은 접촉각이 100도 또는 그이상의 초발수성을 나타내는 장점을 갖고 있고, 90% 이상의 높은 투과도를 나타낸다. PTFE 타겟을 사용한 종래의 일반적인 스퍼터링에 의하여, 일예로 실리콘 웨이퍼상에 증착된 코팅막은 낮은 경도와 기판과의 밀착력이 좋지 않은 문제를 갖고 있다. 높은 에너지 환경에서 만들어진 PTFE 코팅은 기존의 스퍼터링 방식으로 만들어진 코팅에 비해 다른 특성을 나타낸다. PTFE 막의 경도와 밀착력을 높이고자 bias를 인가한 RF 스퍼터링을 시도하였다. 코팅 접촉각, 투과도, 나노인덴터에 의한 경도, 그리고 스크래치 테스트에 의한 코팅막의 밀착력을 살펴보았다. PTFE 폴리머 타겟을 사용한 RF 스퍼터링으로 만들어진 고경도 PTFE 유사 코팅의 경도 변화 기구를 고찰하였다.

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Analysis of Tuning Characteristics of Widely Tunable Sampled Grating Distributed Feedback Laser diode integrated with Sampled Grating Distributed Reflector (추출격자 분포 브래그 반사기가 집적된 광대역 파장가변 추출격자 분포 궤환 레이저 다이오드의 파장가변 특성해석)

  • Kim, Suhyun;Chung, Youngchul
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.42 no.10 s.340
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    • pp.19-28
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we analyzed tuning characteristics of the widely tunable SGDFB laser diode integrated with SGDBR. The improved time-domain model is used to analyse the laser diode. From the numerical analysis, the length of phase control region in the SGDFB section influences on the output power and the tuning range. Also, it was confirmed that the tuning range is affected by the length of the laser diode, the residual reflectivity at the facet, and the position of the facet.

Minimization of power penalty using chirp parameter for 2.5 Gbps, 8 channel, 400 km optical link system with dispersion and SPM (분산과 SPM이 존재하는 2.5Gbps, 8채널 400km 광 링크 시스템에서의 처핑 계수를 이용한 수신 감도 저하의 최소화)

  • 이병호;박영일;김익상;채창준;이병호
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.250-253
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    • 1997
  • The effect of dispersion in optical transmission system changes according to chirp and SPM. Chirp depends on the modulation condition of an external modulator. SPM is proportional to signal power. In this paper, we analyzed the pulse broadening due to SPM and chirp in the system with dispersion by using Split Step Fourier Method and calculated the optimum chirp parameter for 400 km transmission system. Experimental results are presented also.

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Block and Extraction of Wave Energy Using a Rolling Porous Pendulum Plate (횡 방향으로 운동하는 투과성 진자판을 이용한 파랑에너지 차단과 추출)

  • Cho, Il-Hyoung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.180-190
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    • 2018
  • The preliminary study was carried out to utilize the rolling porous pendulum plate as a hybrid system combining blocking and extracting of wave energy. The Galerkin method suggested by Porter and Evans (1995) was used to solve the diffraction and radiation problems to obtain reflection and transmission coefficient, roll displacement, extracted power. The Galerkin method provides better convergence than the matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM), which improves the accuracy of the analytical solution even if the CPU time is shorter. The porous plate can not be said to be more effective than the impermeable plate in terms of wave energy extraction and wave blocking, but it has the advantage of reducing the wave load and exchanging seawater.

Development of Power Measurement Method for Electrified Vehicles (전동화된 자동차의 출력측정방법 개발)

  • Choi, Dongseok;Ryu, Kihyeon;Lee, Jaewan;Park, Yongsung
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.22 no.7
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    • pp.135-143
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    • 2014
  • Electrified vehicles can be classified with hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles. These vehicles have two more than energy converters which are the part of a powertrain. It is particularly difficult to estimate the power of hybrid electric vehicles due to two different energy converters with different power characteristics. Therefore, a new power concept for these vehicles is needed. The vehicle power as the new concept for solving this problem was defined in this study. The test method and the procedure were made a development in this study. Four electrified vehicles with different electric fraction were used to validate the method. Two percentage of COV was suggested as a criterion for the maximum vehicles power based on the previous studies. The repeatability of this method was within ${\pm}2$ per cent for the maximum vehicle power and within ${\pm}5$ per cent for the vehicle speed at maximum vehicle power.

Wind-Tunnel Investigation for the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Electro-Optical Targeting System (풍동시험을 통한 전자광학 추적장치의 공력특성 연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Il;Lee, Jae-Won;Yee, Kwan-Jung;Oh, Se-Jong;Jung, Hyeone-Seok;Kim, Dae-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.240-247
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    • 2009
  • Wind tunnel test for Electro-Optical Targeting System(EOTS) has been conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics, especially the torque characteristics of the rotating parts to insure the enough actuator power during the actual operation. The influence of EOTS's complex configuration, such as the observation window, has been investigated by comparing with the results of the simplified models made of half sphere and the cylinder. It has been found that the position of the observation window of EOTS has an effect on surface pressure distribution and the torque characteristics of the rotating observation part.

Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Performance and Wave Power Takeoff for Heaving Wave Energy Converter (수직 진자형 파력 발전 장치의 운동성능 및 파력 추출에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Jae;Koo, WeonCheol;Min, Eun-Hong;Jang, Hoyun;Youn, Donghyup;Lee, Byeongseong
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.361-366
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    • 2016
  • The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a hemispheric wave energy converter (WEC) and its wave power takeoff. The WEC is a heaving body-type point absorber with a hydraulic-pump power take-off (PTO) system. The hydraulic PTO system consists of a hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, and generator, with consideration given to the hydraulic pressure and flow rate. Two body model shapes, including the original hemisphere and a bottom-chopped hemisphere, were considered. The heave RAOs of the two models were evaluated for various body drafts. The effects of the hydraulic PTO system on the RAOs were also investigated.

High Directivity Sound Beamforming Algorithm (방향성이 높은 사운드 빔 형성 알고리즘)

  • Kim, Seona-Woo;Hur, Yoo-Mi;Park, Young-Chul;Youn, Dae-Hee
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2010
  • This paper proposes a technique of sound beamforming that can generate high-directive sound beams, and this paper also presents applications of the proposed algorithm to multi-channel 3D sound systems. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases: first, optimum weights maximizing a sound pressure level ratio between the target and control acoustic regions are designed, and later, the directivity of the pre-designed sound beam is iteratively enhanced by modifying the covariance matrix. The proposed method was evaluated under various situations, and the results showed that it could provide more focused sound beams than the conventional methods.

Numerical analysis of FEBEX at Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland (스위스 Grimsel Test Site에서 수행된 FEBEX 현장시험에 대한 수치해석적 연구)

  • Lee, Changsoo;Lee, Jaewon;Kim, Geon-Young
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.359-381
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    • 2020
  • Within the framework of DECOVALEX-2019 Task D, full-scale engineered barriers experiment (FEBEX) at Grimsel Test Site was numerically simulated to investigate an applicability of implemented Barcelona basic model (BBM) into TOUGH2-MP/FLAC3D simulator, which was developed for the prediction of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of bentonite buffer. And the calculated heater power, temperature, relative humidity, total stress, saturation, water content and dry density were compared with in situ data monitored in the various sections. In general, the calculated heater power and temperature provided a fairly good agreement with experimental observations, however, the difference between power of heater #1 and that of heater #2 could not captured in the numerical analysis. It is necessary to consider lamprophyre with low thermal conductivity around heater #1 and non-simplified installation progresses of bentonite blocks in the tunnel for better modeling results. The evolutions and distributions of relative humidity were well reproduced, but hydraulic model needs to be modified because the re-saturation process was relatively fast near the heaters. In case of stress evolutions due to the thermal and hydraulic expansions, the computed stress was in good agreement with the data. But, the stress is slightly higher than the measured in situ data at the early stage of the operation, because gap between rock mass and bentonite blocks have not been considered in the numerical simulations. The calculated distribution of saturation, water content, and dry density along the radial distance showed good agreement with the observations after the first and final dismantling. The calculated dry density near the center of the FEBEX tunnel and heaters were overestimated compared with the observations. As a result, the saturation and water content were underestimated with the measurements. Therefore, numerical model of permeability is needed to modify for the production of better numerical results. It will be possible to produce the better analysis results and more realistically predict the coupled THM behavior in the bentonite blocks by performing the additional studies and modifying the numerical model based on the results of this study.

The Effect of Consumers' Value Motives on the Perception of Blog Reviews Credibility: the Moderation Effect of Tie Strength (소비자의 가치 추구 동인이 블로그 리뷰의 신뢰성 지각에 미치는 영향: 유대강도에 따른 조절효과를 중심으로)

  • Chu, Wujin;Roh, Min Jung
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.159-189
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    • 2012
  • What attracts consumers to bloggers' reviews? Consumers would be attracted both by the Bloggers' expertise (i.e., knowledge and experience) and by his/her unbiased manner of delivering information. Expertise and trustworthiness are both virtues of information sources, particularly when there is uncertainty in decision-making. Noting this point, we postulate that consumers' motives determine the relative weights they place on expertise and trustworthiness. In addition, our hypotheses assume that tie strength moderates consumers' expectation on bloggers' expertise and trustworthiness: with expectation on expertise enhanced for power-blog user-group (weak-ties), and an expectation on trustworthiness elevated for personal-blog user-group (strong-ties). Finally, we theorize that the effect of credibility on willingness to accept a review is moderated by tie strength; the predictive power of credibility is more prominent for the personal-blog user-groups than for the power-blog user groups. To support these assumptions, we conducted a field survey with blog users, collecting retrospective self-report data. The "gourmet shop" was chosen as a target product category, and obtained data analyzed by structural equations modeling. Findings from these data provide empirical support for our theoretical predictions. First, we found that the purposive motive aimed at satisfying instrumental information needs increases reliance on bloggers' expertise, but interpersonal connectivity value for alleviating loneliness elevates reliance on bloggers' trustworthiness. Second, expertise-based credibility is more prominent for power-blog user-groups than for personal-blog user-groups. While strong ties attract consumers with trustworthiness based on close emotional bonds, weak ties gain consumers' attention with new, non-redundant information (Levin & Cross, 2004). Thus, when the existing knowledge system, used in strong ties, does not work as smoothly for addressing an impending problem, the weak-tie source can be utilized as a handy reference. Thus, we can anticipate that power bloggers secure credibility by virtue of their expertise while personal bloggers trade off on their trustworthiness. Our analysis demonstrates that power bloggers appeal more strongly to consumers than do personal bloggers in the area of expertise-based credibility. Finally, the effect of review credibility on willingness to accept a review is higher for the personal-blog user-group than for the power-blog user-group. Actually, the inference that review credibility is a potent predictor of assessing willingness to accept a review is grounded on the analogy that attitude is an effective indicator of purchase intention. However, if memory about established attitudes is blocked, the predictive power of attitude on purchase intention is considerably diminished. Likewise, the effect of credibility on willingness to accept a review can be affected by certain moderators. Inspired by this analogy, we introduced tie strength as a possible moderator and demonstrated that tie strength moderated the effect of credibility on willingness to accept a review. Previously, Levin and Cross (2004) showed that credibility mediates strong-ties through receipt of knowledge, but this credibility mediation is not observed for weak-ties, where a direct path to it is activated. Thus, the predictive power of credibility on behavioral intention - that is, willingness to accept a review - is expected to be higher for strong-ties.

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