• Clean Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 2015

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) free adhesives have been interested by many scientists and engineers due to environmental regulations and the safety of industrial workers. In this work, a series of composites composed with bisphenol A epoxy resin used as solvent, dicyandiamide, and promoter were prepared to investigate the most appropriate molar ratio for steel-steel adhesion. The cured test specimen of each composite were measured with universal testing machine (UTM) to figure out mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation. Furthermore, the lap shear strength of the specimen was tested with UTM while impact resistance was measured with Izod impact tester. The composite whose molar ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 1 : 0.9 (sample 3), showed better tensile strength, coefficient of elastic modulus, elongation, and impact strength than other composites did. The highest tanδ from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was observed from sample 2 (epoxy resin: dicy = 1 : 0.7) while sample 3 showed slightly lower tanδ than that of 2. The morphology of the fracture surface of the cured composites from SEM showed that the number of subtle lines on the surface caused by impact increase as the contents of amine curing agent accrete. Furthermore, the viscosity change of sample 5 (epoxy resin: dicy = 1 : 1.3) was observed to confirm its storage stability.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2015

Epoxy resin toughening agents such as core/shell nanoparticles, CTBN epoxy, polyester polyols, and polyurethane have been widely used in order to compensate for the brittleness and improve the impact resistance of the epoxy resin. In this work, a few tougheners mentioned above were individually added into adhesive compositions to observe the effects of physical and mechanical properties. Both flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured with UTM while impact strength was analyzed with Izod impact tester. The obtained results showed that the addition of toughening agents afforded positive performance in terms of flexibility and impact resistance of the cured epoxy resin. Furthermore, DMA experiments suggested that the trends of storage modulus data of each epoxy resin composition coincided with the trends of flexural modulus data. FE-SEM images showed that toughening agents formed circled-shape particles when it was cured in epoxy resin composition at high temperature by phase separation. The existence of particles in the cured samples explains why epoxy resin with toughener has higher impact resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1984

Nowdays, the high strength aluminum alloys are broadly used for structural purpose, but the practical strengthening method by aging treatment are not much available. So that, in this study, in order to investigate the effect of aging treatment for strengthening on the fracture characteristics of the domestic high strength Al alloy (A2024BE), the variations of the aging temperature and time were taken after solution treatment. By microstructural examination, and by SEM fractographs of the fractures, the effects of aging temperature and time were investigated, considering on the fracture behaviour. The results obtained are as follows: 1) It was confirmed by microstructural investigation that the aging temperature of $190^{\circ}C$ and the aging time of 12hours were optimal to get more sound microstructure with distribution of uniform precipitation. 2) By step aging treatment, the proper aging time for obtaining the similar microstructure without any microstructural defects could be shortened in half the normal aging time. 3)By examining the SEM fractographs of the fracture surface, it was found that, regardless of the aging treatment time and temperature, all were intergranular ductile fractures, but the aging treatment at $190^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours resulted in dimple-type-transgranular and intergranular-ductile-frature.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Flip chip bonded LED packages possess lower thermal resistance than wire bonded LED packages because of short thermal path. In this study, thermal and bonding properties of flip chip bonded high brightness LED were evaluated for Au-Sn thermo-compression bonded LEDs and Sn-Ag-Cu reflow bonded LEDs. For the Au-Sn thermo-compression bonding, bonding pressure and bonding temperature were 50 N and 300oC, respectively. For the SAC solder reflow bonding, peak temperature was $255^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec. The shear strength of the Au-Sn thermo-compression joint was $3508.5gf/mm^2$ and that of the SAC reflow joint was 5798.5 gf/mm. After the shear test, the fracture occurred at the isolation layer in the LED chip for both Au-Sn and SAC joints. Thermal resistance of Au-Sn sample was lower than that of SAC bonded sample due to the void formation in the SAC solder.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.593-598
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• 2013

In this study, we have evaluated the water absorption phenomenon of photoresist dry film, which is commonly used to build circuits on PCB (Printed Circuit Board) by photolithography, by using ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared). We have firstly observed significant change in fracture mode of dry film with respect to temperature and humidity, which we assumed the material transition from ductile to brittle. Secondly, we have established the process of absorption test for determining the diffusion coefficients of water into the dry film both with gravimeter and ATR-FTIR. We have successfully calculated the diffusion coefficients for each environmental conditions from the results which we achieved by gravimeter and ATR-FTIR. Compared to the gravimeter which is a conventional method for absorption test, the ATR-FTIR method in this study has been found to be very easy to use and have the same accuracy as gravimeter. Moreover, we are expecting to use the ATR-FTIR as an appropriate method to study the absorption phenomena related to any kinds of solvent and polymer system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.40-46
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• 2014

The hydrogen embrittlement degree of 5 type high strength DP steel charged with hydrogen by electrochemical method was evaluated by small punch test(SP test). After SP test, SP absorbed energy was remarkably decreased from 363 kgf-mm to 209 kgf-mm with increasing hydrogen charging time from 5hr to 50hr at DP5 specimen under the $200mA/cm^2$ current density condition. It was investigated that the decrease of hydrogen charging amount and SP absorbed energy according to the increase of current density and hydrogen charging time had a linear relationship. And it also investigated that the change of bulb height appeared by the SP test was decreased from 1.79mm to 1.59mm with the hydrogen charging conditions. It was supposed that it could be used as indicator of the evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement because of the similar trend of the formal results of SP absorbed energy. From the SEM observation of fracture area by crack in bulb, the morphology of fracture surface according to increasement of the hydrogen charging amount was varied with the cleavage mode.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.419-433
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• 2021

Al-Si-Cu alloys benefit from the addition of copper for better hardness and strength through precipitation hardening, which results in remarkably strong alloys. However, the addition of copper expands the solidification range of Al-Si-Cu alloys, and due to this, these alloys become more prone to hot tearing, which is one of the most common and serious fracture phenomena encountered during solidification. The conventional evaluation method of the hot tearing properties of an alloy is a relative and qualitative analysis approach that does not provide quantitative data about this phenomenon. In the present study, the mold itself part of a device developed in Instone et al. was partially modified to obtain more reliable quantitative data pertaining to the hot tearing properties of an Al-Si-Cu casting alloy. To assess the influence of Cu element, four levels of Cu contents were tested (0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt.%) in the Al-Si-Cu system alloy and the hot tearing properties were evaluated in each case. As the Cu content was increased, the hot tearing strength decreased to 2.26, 1.53, 1.18, and 1.04 MPa, respectively. At the moment hot tearing occurred, the corresponding solid fraction and solidification rate decreased at the same temperature due to the increase in the solid-liquid coexistence range as the Cu content increased. The morphology of the fracture surfaces was changed from dendrites to dendrites covered with residual liquid, and CuAl₂ phases were observed in the vicinity of hot tearing.

• Composites Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2024

Graphene oxide (GO), known for its high stiffness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity, is being utilized as a reinforcement in nanocomposite materials. This study evaluates the mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites incorporating GO and edge modified GO (E-GO), which has hydroxyl groups substituted only on its edges. GO/E-GO was uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin using ultrasonic dispersion, and mechanical properties were assessed through tensile testing. The results showed that the addition of nanoparticles increased both tensile strength and toughness. The tensile strength of the epoxy without nanoparticles was 74.4 MPa, while the highest tensile strength of 90.7 MPa was observed with 0.3 wt% E-GO. Additionally, the modulus increased from 2.55 GPa to 3.53 GPa with the addition of nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surface revealed that the growth of cracks was impeded by the nanoparticles, preventing complete fracture and causing the cracks to split in multiple directions. E-GO, with surface treatment only on the edges, exhibited higher mechanical properties than GO due to its superior dispersion and surface treatment effects. These results highlight the importance of nanoparticle surface treatment in developing high-performance nanocomposite materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

In order to investigate the impact properties of structural materials for LNG tank, instrumented Charpy impact tests were carried out at cryogenic temperatures. $9\%$ Ni steel showed a superior fracture resistance because of less degradation in toughness until 77 K. From the load-deflection curve obtained by an instrumented methods it was found that with the decrease of temperature from 173 K to 77 K, the peak load in the curve increased, but the total absorbed energy decreased. In addition, the energy absorbed during the crack growth was larger than one absorbed in the process of crack initiation. In SUS304L material, the energy absorbed in the process of the crack initiation was relatively large, but the energy absorbed in the process of crack growth was small, the behavior of absorbed energy was well agreed with the observations of the fracture surface which showed a relatively smooth fracture surface. The absorbed Charpy impact energy in the case of A5083 alloy was lower as compared with other steels, and some cracks were observed along the crack propagation direction at the fracture surface of 77 K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.239-246
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• 2006

프레스다이용 코일스프링은 자동차 및 전자제품의 외형생산에 필요한 금형 내에 장착되는 금형용 스프링으로서 녹아웃 및 스트리퍼 등에 사용되고 있다. 프레스다이용 코일스프링이 사용 중 파손 시에는 고가인 금형의 손상 및 생산성에 영향을 미칠 수도 있기 때문에 사용 환경에서의 신뢰성확보가 요구되어지고 있다. 특히 중(重)하중 및 극중(極重)하중용 스프링은 과거 현장에서 파손사례가 자주 발생함으로 인해 외산을 선호하는 경향이 있는 형편이다. 이에 국산 스프링의 신뢰성검증 및 확보를 위해 신뢰성기반구축사업을 통해 신뢰성평가기준(RS D 0014)가 제정되었으며, 이 평가기준에 의거하여 국내 업체의 제품에 대해 신뢰성평가를 실시하였다. 프레스다이용 코일스프링의 파손원인은 주로 반복하중에 의한 피로파손과 일정한 변위의 변형으로 발생하는 코일스프링 자유높이의 축소로 크게 구분되어질 수 있다. 시험결과 주 파손양상은 피로에 의한 균열발생이었으며, 코일 끝단부와 끝단부 직하부의 코일과의 마찰에 의한 균열발생이 주원인이었다. 즉, 코일의 끝단면과 직하면 코일이 연속적으로 부딪침으로써 발생한 변형 및 마모에 의해 표면균열이 발생하고, 표면균열에서 반복적인 부하하중이 가해짐으로써 피로균열 진전을 통해 점차적으로 파손이 진행되어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 본 발표에서는 기준에 의거하여 로하중용 프레스 다이용 코일스프링을 평가한 신뢰성평가시험 결과에 대해 보고하고, 파단면 관찰과 외산제품과의 미세조직 및 조성 등의 비교분석결과 등을 기초로 파손원인을 분석한 결과에 대해 보고하고자 한다.제고할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.X>$CdCl^+,\;CdSO_4$ 등이 형성되었다. 수은의 경우는 해수 및 증류수를 용출용매로 이용한 모든 경우에서 납, 구리, 카드뮴과는 달리 대부분 침전하였다. 더욱이 해수에 존재하는 고농도 염소($Cl^-$)와의 수착으로 인해 finite solid인 calomel($Hg_2Cl_2$)이 형성되어 대부분 침전(SI=0)되기 때문에 납, 구리, 카드뮴 보다 더 낮은 환경이동성을 갖을 것으로 사료된다. 상기 실험결과 용출용매로 증류수와 해수를 이용했을 때, 제강 슬래그에서 용출되는 납, 구리, 카드뮴, 수은의 용출 경향의 차이를 확인할 수 있었고 이에 따라서, 납, 구리, 카드뮴의 용출 유해성은 낮기 때문에 해양구조물로의 제강슬래그 유효이용은 적합할 것으로 판단되었다.im80%$로 계산되었다. 열형광선량계로 측정된 방사선량은 각각 1.8, 1.2, 0.8, 1.2, 0.8 (70 cm 거리) cGy로 측정되었으며, 환자의 복부 표면에서의 서베이메터를 이용한 측정량은 10.9 mR/h였다. 차폐구조물의 사용 시 전체 치료 동안에 태아선량은 약 1 cGy 정도로 평가되었다. 결론 : AAPM Report No.50의 자료에 따르면, 임산부의 방사선 치료 시 태아의 방사선 피폭선량은 5 cGy 이하일 경우에 방사선 피폭에 따른 태아의 위험이 거의 없는 것으로 제시되고 있다. 본원에서 차폐 구조물을 설치하였을 경우에 측정된 태아선량은 약 1 cGy로 측정되었고, 고안된 차폐구조물