• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2016

A shear strength model for the high-shear ring anchor consisting of a steel ring and a rod was developed based on the shear tests on single high-shear ring anchors. The shear strength was found to be proportional to $f_{ck}{^{0.75}}$ which is a similar characteristic to the strength of shear connectors used in composite structures. The effects of the compressive strength of concrete, edge distance, and embedment length of rod are included in the proposed model. Comparison with 22 tests shows that the average and the coefficient of variation of test-to-prediction ratios are 1.01 and 7.57%, respectively. Push tests on the specimens having four high-shear ring anchors at each face were conducted and the measured shear strengths were compared with the predictions by the proposed model. For the specimen with an edge distance of 100 mm, a splitting failure occurred and for the specimens with an edge distance of 150 mm, a failure mode mixed with splitting and bearing occurred, which were very similar to the failures of shear tests on single high-shear ring anchors. In case of a splitting failure, the overlap of failure surfaces could be prevented by providing the longitudinal spacing of 400 mm which is four times of the edge distance. In case of a bearing failure, the failure area is less than 150 mm from the center of the anchor and therefore the overlap of failure surfaces could be prevented by providing the longitudinal spacing of 200 mm. The average of the test-to-prediction ratios of Push tests is 98%, which means that the proposed mode can be applied to predict the shear strength of the multiple high-shear rings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3121-3126
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• 2013

The integrity evaluation of pipes in nuclear power plant are essential for the safety of reactor vessel, and integrity must be assured when flaws are found. Accurate stress intensity analyses and crack growth rate data of surface-cracked components are needed for reliable prediction of their fatigue life and fracture strengths. Fatigue design and life assessment are the essential technologies to design the structures such as pipe, industrial plant equipment and so on. The effect of crack spacing on stress intensity factor K values was studied using three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). For the case of cylinder under internal pressure, a significant increase in K values observed at the deepest point of the surface crack. Also, this paper describes the fatigue analysis for cracked structures submitted to bending loads.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1995

Fatigue tests were carried out by a rotary bending testing machine of cantilever type. M.E.F.(ferrite encapsulated islands of martensite) materials were made by a series of heat treatment from a low carbon steel(SM 20 C). The fatigue tests were conducted at stress levels of 302 MPa and with frequencies of 25Hz, 2.5 Hz and 0.5 Hz in 3% NaCl solution. The fatigue strength increased with frequency got higher. The microcracks and corrosion pits were generated at the boundary between the matrix and the 2nd phase. The cracks generated by the corrosion pits were coalesced with the pits around the notch and became the initial crack. The $N_i/N_f$ ratio increased as the frequency and stress level decreased. The interference phenomenon increased with stress level and frequency gots higher. The crack propagation rate was delayed as the stress level lowers and the frequency gets higher, however, the range of the stress intensity factor depended only on a stress level.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.1C
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• pp.102-109
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• 2008

The higher data rate of mobile communications has been required for various multimedia services. In DS-CDMA system, one of the solutions to increase the throughput is to use multicode. However, multipath channel destorys the orthogonality of spreading codes, which causes the intercede interference(ICI). ICI gives severe effect on multicode DS-CDMA for BER performance. Conventionally, multicode DS-CDMA system uses the Rake receiver with turbo code, which cannot overcome error floor caused by ICI. In this paper, we propose frequency domain turbo equalization based on minimum mean squared error(FDTE-MMSE) for multicode DS-CDMA in frequency selective channel and evaluate its BER performance by computer simulation. The simulation results show that FDTE-MMSE gives much better performance in high Eb/N0 than the Rake receiver with turbo code in multipath length L>1.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.81-91
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• 2009

Recently, twin-tunnel is often designed in the aspects of disaster prevention and economical reasons. However, the design cases and the studies are relatively insufficient. By the twin-tunnel excavation, deviate stresses of pillar between tunnels are increased and the increased stresses induce the instability of the twin-tunnel. In this study, numerical analyses about the twin-tunnel behaviour were conducted with varying ground strength, width of pillar and depth of earth cover and a series of regression analyses were carried out by using the results of numerical analyses for the twin-tunnel. Based on the numerical analyses, an estimation method of derived stresses is suggested through the regression analyses. Also, based on the results of regression analyses, an quantitative estimation method considering the reinforcement effects is also suggested. Then various parametric studies were conducted to be considered the reinforcement type and various design parameters. Finally, the efficiency of the suggested method based on the Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion is verified through the results of parametric studies.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2002

Analysis of No. 199∼145 cross-sections set up by the Ministry of Construction (1978) in the middle reaches of the Sumjin River around Sunchang, Daegang, and Goksung areas have been done for delineating the changes In fluvial geomorphic features. The entire river-bed in the study area has been considerably degraded since 1978. In some cross-sections, the thalweg shillings are observed. Two aspects are responsible for the erosion-dominant environment. First, flow velocity has been increased. Human activities including wetland destruction, ex-channel destruction and artificial levee construction reduced the channel width, and fixed the channel geometry. This has resulted in increase of the water velocity. Pebble and granule∼coarse sand are prevailing on the river-bed, indicate the high speed of the currents. Second, aggregate has been intensively mined during 1980s∼1990s around the areas. Especially, in the right side of the cross-sections No. 188∼187 and the left side of the cross-section No. 155, erosion toward under the artificial levee is remarkable. This can be led to bank failure in case of heavy rainfall.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

Theoretical evaluations of the vertical displacement at the epicenter on the circular glass plate have been carried out in the case of the unit point loading(1 dyne force strength) with the Heaviside step-function time dependency. Acoustic emission signals generated during pencil lead($\Phi$=0.5mm, HB) fracture on the soda-lime glass($\Phi$=22cm, thickness=2.8cm) were observed by the optical Michelson interferometer with the stabilized circuit, and then the source function of the observed acoustic emission signals was analyzed by the deconvolution method. The source function of acoustic emission during pencil lead fracture had a 'dip' of~0.7$\mu$sec duration time at the front portion and a step function of~0.5$\mu$sec rise time with a force strength of~4.5N.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

If there is no choice but to be urbanized, we should examine how human interference has had influences on the area to keep the river environment safe and stable. This study is aimed at finding improvement by examining the effect of human interference in Gapcheon river in Daejeon, which is developing fast. Distinctive features of human interference in Gapcheon river are followings. First, middle and upper reaches of Gapcheon river are being maintained and restored focusing on flood control but are scheduled to develop city and channel. Second, the rear area of middle and lower reaches of Gapcheon river is already developed into an urban district and solidified into artificial stream for leisure activities installing the artificial structure for fun. Third, lower reaches of Gapcheon river are in an unstable condition because of straightening waterway and developing rear area of river. Up to now, geographical features and bio-diversity of Gapcheon river has been ruined by the artificial management of river centered for technical engineering. From now on, followings should be considered for management of urban river. First, it is focused on maintaining eco system by itself than usage for human. Second, natural features of rear area of river should be taken into consideration and should be preserved before developing urban city and hills, back marsh, channel deposit and swamp to directly have an influence on river.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.479-482
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• 2000

다중경로 채널의 시변 특성은 OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) 신호의 직교성을 파괴시키며 이는 인접 채널간 간섭(ICI: interchannel interference)을 발생시켜 도플러 주파수에 비례하는 오류를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 채널 시변의 원인을 주파수 옵셋과 도플러효과로 규정하고, 주파수 옵셋을 보정하기 위해 기존의 선형보간법(LI: linear interpolation method)대신 선형위상보간법(LPI: linear phase interpolation)과 도플러효과에 의한 ICI 를 제거하기 위해 기존의 주파수영역 등화기법보다 효과적인 시간영역 등화기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법이 주파수 옵셋이 있는 시변 다중경로 페이딩 환경에서 OFDM 시스템에 적합함을 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 확인한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11b
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• pp.161-165
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• 1999

다중경로 채널의 시변 특성은 OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) 신호의 직교성을 파괴시키며 이는 인접 채널간 간섭(ICI: inter channel interference)을 발생시켜 도플러 주파수에 비례하는 오류를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 채널 시변의 원인을 주파수 옵셋과 도플러효과로 규정하고, 주파수 옵셋을 보정하기 위해 기존의 선형보간법(LI: linear interpolation method)대신 선형위상보간법(LPI: linear phase interpolation)과 도플러효과에 의한 ICI를 제거하기 위해 기존의 주파수영역 둥화기법보다 효과적인 시간영역 등화기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법이 주파수 옵셋이 있는 시변다중경로 페이딩 환경에서 OFDM 시스템에 적합함을 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 확인한다.